mum vertit upupaт ; Ver. 21, 22. Au. Ver. The bald locust. Ged. It is supposed to be the gryllus eversor. Gesen.-, m. a four-footed, winged, and eatable kind of locust, Numb. xi. 22 only. Root in Chald. p, to devour, consume [so Bochart], i.q. . Au. Ver.-Beetle. Bp. Patrick. This sort of locusts called geseems to have its name from the מִמַּעַל לְרַגְלָיו לְנַתֵּר בָּהֵן עַל־הָאָרֶץ: .vast company wherein they fly together 22 אֶת־אֵלֶה מֵהֶם תּאכֵלוּ אֶת־הָאַרְבֶּה But it is not ftly translated a beetle ; for לְמִינוֹ וְאֶת־הַפָּלְעָם לְמִינֵהוּ וְאֶת־ chargol, à לו קרי 21 .v 21 ἀλλὰ ταῦτα φάγεσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν πετεινῶν, ἃ πορεύεται ἐπὶ τέσσαρα, ἃ ἔχει σκέλη ἀνώτερον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ, πηδᾷν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. 22 καὶ ταῦτα φάγεσθε ἀπ ̓ αὐτῶν. τὸν βροῦχον, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ. καὶ τὸν ἀττάκην, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ, καὶ ὀφιομάχην, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῷ. καὶ τὴν ἀκρίδα, καὶ τὰ ὅμοια αὐτῇ. Au. Ver.-21 Yet these may ye eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth; 22 Even these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind. Ged. Yet those of them, which although they crawl on four feet, have moreover legs for leaping on the earth, ye may eat; 22 Such as, &c. Booth.-21 Yet those of every kind of fowl that creep, going upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap with upon the earth, ye may eat. 22 Even of them ye may eat, &c. 22 Au. Ver.-The locust. none ever ate beetles; nor are they four- Ged. It is supposed to be the gryllus Gesen.-, Levit. xi. 22 only, the name of a kind of locust, eatable, and winged. (Arabic, ~, a drove of horses, and, a swarm of locusts.) Prof. Lee.-, m. once, Lev. xi. 22. Arab., Ch., locustæ genus impenne, doípakos. Diosc. ii. 57. Castell. “Arab., saliit, saltitavit equus ”— "a saltando dicta," Gesenius. But the Arabic word has no such sense. A locust, having no wings, Hieroz. Bochart., ii., lib. iv., c. ii., p. 457, where the error, now adverted to, was probably first committed. Au. Ver.-The grasshopper. Bp. Patrick.-The Hebrew word chagab signifies a sort of locusts, the original of Gesen., m. The locust, (Root 7, whose name Aben Ezra intimates may be to multiply), Exod. x. 4, &c.; Levit. xi. found in the Arabic tongue. In which 22; Joel i. 4; Ps. lxxviii. 46. It is often ghahageba signifies to cover as with a veil : mentioned with other kinds of locusts, in and in such troops these locusts fly, that which the East so much abounds (Bochart. sometimes they seem to darken the sun Hieroz., t. ii, p. 441), and denotes then a itself. But by what marks these were dispeculiar species; perhaps the most common of all, gryllus gregarius [so Geddes], the locust of passage. The idea, that by these different names (Levit. xi. 22; Joel i. 4), tinguished from one another, the Hebrews The (as a man very learned in these things hath gerit immundus sit. Vivis enim animalibus observed, Job Ludolphus, in his dissertation immundis, ut asinis, canibus, etc., uti de Locustis, cap. 23), that chargol hath licebat Israelitis. Hinc LXX, Tŵv Ovnσiboth a bunch on its back and a tail also: paíov avτov. arbeh hath neither: solam only a bunch, and not a tail; and chagab a tail, but no bunch. Ver. 29, 30. : ampre? coronatus of Linnæus. Michaelis was of opinion that the four names above were only one insect, at different periods of its existence, and in his German version thus "renders the colon: "Die heuschrecken nach der ersten, zweiten, dritten, und vierten hautung." But this, in my opinion, is highly improbable, and repugnant to the text, which adds after every one of the four insects. This alone destroys Michaelis's conjecture. Gesen.—, A locust, according to Lev. xi. 22, it is a winged and eatable species. Prof. Lee.-, m. pl. a A sort of locust, so called, perhaps, because their flight is said to conceal the sun (, velavit); but this is extremely doubtful. Ver. 26. něnan-bab 29 καὶ ταῦτα ὑμῖν ἀκάθαρτα ἀπὸ τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. ἡ γαλὴ, καὶ ὁ μᾶς, καὶ ὁ pokódeiλos ó xepσaîos, 30 μυγάλη, καὶ χαμαιλέων, καὶ χαλαβώτης, καὶ σαῦρα, καὶ ἀσπάλαξ. Au. Ver.-29 These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind, 30 And the ferret, and the chameleon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the mole. 29 The creeping things. Rosen. h. 1. non significat animalia reptilia, ut vermes, serpentes, etc., sed animalia quadrupedia, quæ habent pedes ita breves, ut incedendo venter prope terram καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς κτήνεσιν ὅ ἐστι διχηλούν ὁπλὴν, καὶ ὀνυχιστῆρας ὀνυχίζει, καὶ μηρυκισμὸν οὐ μηρυκᾶται, ἀκάθαρτα ἔσονται ὑμῖν. πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται ἕως ἑσπέρας. Au. Ver.-26 The carcases of every beast which divideth the hoof, and is not clovenfooted, nor cheweth the cud, are unclean unto you every one that toucheth them shall be unclean. Ged. All beasts of which the hoof, although divided, is not cloven into two [Syr.], and which chew not the cud, are to you unclean whatsoever toucheth their carcases [LXX, and seven MSS.], shall be unclean. Booth.-All [two MSS.,, Ken.] beasts whose hoof is divided, but is not cloven, and chew not the cud, to you shall be unclean; whatsoever toucheth their carcases [LXX, and seven MSS.] shall be unclean. Rosen.-26 p, Quisquis ea (vel potius per antecc. eorum cadavera) teti Bp. Patrick. Weasel.] Though most Hebrew word choled; yet Bochartus hath alleged a great many probable reasons that it signifies a mole ; and one is, because it is joined here with the mouse. See Hierozoicon, par. i., lib. iii., cap. 35, where he treats of this very largely. Rosen., Ged., Gesen., Lee.-Mole. Bp.Patrick.-All acknowledge the Hebrew word achbar signifies mouse, and more especially a field-mouse [so Gesen.], which doth great mischief there; and thence hath its name, as Bochartus shows in the foregoing chapter of that book. But all sorts of mice are here to be understood, as Jonathan observes, who thus paraphrases this word, "the black mouse, the red, and the white;' for they are of so many colours. Prof. Lee., the jerboa. jaculus of Linnæus. Au. Ver.-The tortoise. Dipus Bp. Patrick.-Bochartus has taken a great deal of pains to prove that tzab doth not signify a tortoise; but, as the LXX and call . وحرة Dolus ipsi adhæret, ut alvachra adhæret terræ. St. Jerome take it, a land-crocodile, which is | cludes (Hieroz. i., p. 1073), that it is a red a large sort of lizard, a cubit long, with poisonous kind of lizard, which the Arabs which Arabia abounds; out of which language he endeavours at large to prove the From it comes the proverb: truth of this interpretation (lib. iv., cap. 1). Ged. When I wrote my version, I had little doubt of this being the land-crocodile, the σkiykos of Dioscorides, and the scincus of Pliny; but on comparing Forskal with Hasselquist, I am inclined to think that the animal here forbidden is the lacerta cordylus of Linnæus. Gesen., Lee.-., m. pl. Day. (a) Arab. Au. Ver.-The snail. Bp. Patrick.-Bochartus, with great probability, still thinks Moses speaks of a sort of lizard called here chomet, because it lies in the sand, which, in the Talmudic language, is called chometon (ib., cap. 5). Ged.-Bochart labours to prove that this is another species of lizard, called by the , lacertæ species. A kind of lizard: Arabs chulaca, T, which is said to live in the sand; but his arguments are more lacerta stellio, Lev. xi. 29; Bochart. Hieroz., i. 1044.—Prof. Lee. specious than solid. Etymology is evidently Rosen.-potius videtur esse Lacerta against him, but favours the snail. In Egyptia cauda verticillata, squamis denti- Chald. signifies incurvation, in se reculatis, pedibus pentadactylis, Hasselquist, flectere. The principal Jewish rabbies, and p. 353. Vocant enim Arabes hanc lacertam the mass of modern interpreters, have snail. Gesen.-, m. Levit. xi. 30 only, proetiamnum (Dabb) ipso nomine Hebraico. LXX, σαυρα. Syrus habet, quo nomine hodie apud bably a kind of lizard. Ægyptios Lacerta Stellio appellatur, teste Vulg., lacerta. Hasselquisto, p. 352. Arab. scribitur . 30 Au. Ver.-The ferret. Bp. Patrick.-30 Ferret.] Out of the Arabic, and the Syriac and Samaritan paraphrase, Bochartus proves, that anaka signifies another sort of lizard, which the Latins called stellio, and in those countries, hath a shrill cry (see there, cap. 2). Ged. The newt. Prof. Lee.-A sort of lizard, apparently. No satisfactory etymology has been found. The modern Jews, translators, &c., the snail, Au. Ver.-The mole. Bp. Patrick.-Mole.] It is apparent that the word thinsemeth, which we here translate a mole, is of a very doubtful signification for in the eighteenth verse of this Gesen. A kind of lizard, lacerta Lin., chapter, it signifies a sort of fowl; as here, Levit. xi. 30. Au. Ver.-The chameleon. Bp. Patrick.-Most of the ancient interpreters take coach for another sort of lizard [so Prof. Lee], which is the strongest (as this name imports) of all other; and in these countries was famous for its encounters with serpents and land-crocodiles; as Bochartus shows out of the Arabian writers (ib., cap. 3). in all probability, another sort of lizard. And if we may guess what sort, by the original of the word, it probably signifies the chameleon, which gapes to draw in air (see Bochart. Hieroz., par. i., lib. iv., cap. 6). But, after all that can be said, it must be acknowledged, the significations of all these words are lost among the Jews; as Aben Ezra confesses upon this verse: "Neither, these eight sorts of creeping Ged. The green lizard. The name of things, nor the birds before mentioned, are this animal seems to be derived from its known to us, but by tradition." Which is strength. The green lizard is three times as much as to say, they are not known at bigger than the common grey lizard. It all; for there is no tradition about them, as appears to be the lacerta stellio of Linnæus. Au. Ver. The lizard. the Talmudists acknowledge; who send those who are doubtful what birds are Gesen., f. A kind of lizard, Lev. lawful, and what not, to be informed by xi. 30 only. LXX, xaλßwτns. Vulg., stel- those that are masters of the art of fowling. lio. Root, either Chald. the same as Which might help to convince the Jews, TM, to hide, or (b) and adhæsitterræ. that difference of meats is now ceased, were they not resolved to shut their eyes, From the latter etymology, Bochart con- because they know not what is forbidden, and what not, in many cases. And, con- skal. 1. c., p. 13. Postquam dixisset, lasequently, the Messiah is come, to whom certam Gecko ab Ægyptiis vocari, the gathering of the people was to be (ac-i.e., pater lepræ, leprosus, addit: nominis cording to their father Jacob's prophecy, origo inter Ægyptios lepida est, si enim Gen. xlix. 10), so that they should be no salivam demittat in sal, mensæ usibus destilonger separated, but all nations collected natum, lepram inducit homini illud gustanti. into one body, and converse freely together, Nomen animalis ortum putant alii a simiwithout any danger of being defiled. For litudine coloris lepræ. Per totum enim idolatry being abolished by him, there was dorsum, teste Hasselquistio, sparsa sunt no reason remaining for keeping up the dis- punctula minima, elevata, splendentia; crimination between Jews and Gentiles by a dorsum, caput et cauda supra albida cum different diet. This some of the ancient Jews saw very well, who said, that in the days of the Messiah it should not be unlawful to eat swine's flesh, no more than it was while they were subduing the land of Canaan. This tradition is acknowledged by Abarbinel himself in his Rosch Amanah, where he disputes for the eternity of their law, and endeavours to elude this tradition of the ancient doctors by allegorical interpretations (see J. Carpzovius in Shickkard. Mischpat. hammelech, cap.5, Theorem xviii.). maculis transversis griseis. Hinc fortasse hæc lacerta nomen Hebraicum nacta est: nam verbum D Arabice denotat maculis punctisve nigris et albis conspersus fuit. Ver. 31. ταῦτα ἀκάθαρτα ὑμῖν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Au. Ver.-31 These are unclean to you among all that creep. All that creep. Ged., Booth.-All ground [LXX] reptiles. Ver. 34. Gesen.-, fem. 1. Levit. xi. 30, an unclean quadruped, which occurs in connexion with several species of lizards. According to Bochart, Hieroz., t. i., p. 1033, the chameleon, from D, to breathe; since, according to the opinion of the ancients, it lives solely on the air which it inhales. LXX, Vulgate, a mole. , lacerta Gecko. Rosen.- miro errore LXX, Hieron., Onkelos talpam verterunt, quum tamen hoc animal vs. 29, nominatum esset (). Syrus habet TT, centipeda, mullipeda. Bochartus sequutus significationem verbi سام : Saadias Chaldaicam et Syriacam, spiravit, respiravit, putat, esse chamæleontem ob continuam auræ captationem. Saadias posuit POND, qua sub voce Golius hæc habet (p. 257): Stellio, quasi veneno lepram inducens (OND enim est venenum et lepra), quia in eo venenum est, quod sal amarum reddit ac corrumpit, ut lepram gignat. Quæ omnia bene conveniunt Lacerte Gecko Hasselquist, p. 358, ubi is inter alia dicit: maxime singulare est animalis hujus venenum, quod ex lobulis digitorum exhalat; quærit animalculum loca et quascunque res sale marino conspersas vel tinctas, hoc dum invenit aliquoties supercurrit et currendo venenum post se relinquit maxime noxium. Quocum conferendum est, quod habet For καὶ πᾶν βρῶμα, ὅ ἔσθεται, εἰς ὃ ἂν ἐπέλθῃ ἐπ' αὐτὸ ὕδωρ, ἀκάθαρτον ἔσται. Au. Ver.-34 Of all meat which may be eaten, that on which such water cometh shall be unclean, &c. [So most commentators.] Bp. Horsley.-Rather, "Of every sort of food which is eaten, any on which water is come shall be unclean. The sense I take to be, that if any kind of food had been put into such a vessel, and water had been poured upon it, in order to prepare it for a meal, it should become unclean if one of these dead chanced to fall into that water. But the dry food was not to receive any contamination from the like accident. (See v. 37, 38.) Ver. 35. Au. Ver.-35 And every thing whereupon any part of their carcase falleth shall be unclean; whether it be oven, or ranges for pots, they shall be broken down, &c. Ranges for pots. Bp. Patrick. Some translate the words simply pots. Gesen.-, dual, Levit. xi. 35 only. form their hearth. LXX, xuтpóñodes, probably, bricks which days; she shall touch no hallowed thing, are still in use by the Bedouines, upon which nor come into the sanctuary, until the days they place their pots over the fire, and which of her purifying be fulfilled. Pool. She shall then continue, Heb., sit, Prof. Lee.-, m. dual, ?, r., i.e., abide, as that word is oft used, as Gen. once, Lev. xi. 35. A pot, or jar, earthen xxii. 5; xxxiv. 10, or tarry at home, nor go apparently, as liable to being broken. If into the sanctuary. In the blood of her reliance is to be placed on the dual form, purifying; in her polluted and separated having, perhaps, two compartments; but, if taken as a plural, more than two. Rosen. Syrus vertit: locus cui olla imponitur, Arabs uterque: focus. Videntur denotari loci in focis excavati, infra subjectum ignem habentes et superne orificia, quibus olla imponuntur, quales adhuc in Persia inveniuntur, Casserollöcher. LXX, XuρTóжOus, qua voce fortasse indicare voluerunt olla sustentaculum, quo hodie Arabes Scenitæ utuntur, dum ollam imponunt tribus lapidibus fere æqualibus, ut commodius igni subdi possit. Ver. 36. estate; for the word blood or bloods signifies both guilt, as Gen. iv. 10, and uncleanness, as here and elsewhere. See Ezek. xvi. 6. And it is called the blood of her purifying, because by the expulsion or purgation of that blood, which is done by degrees, she is purified. Bp. Patrick. In the blood of her purifying.] In the purification of her blood: for all the following days were days of purification; not of entire separation. Rosen., Sedeat, maneat, in sanguine purificationis suæ, hypallage, pro: in purificatione sanguinis. Ver. 7. Au. Ver.-Who shall offer it. Ged., Booth.-Which when the priest ñλýν tŋywv vdátwv kai λákkov kai σvva- [Sam., LXX, Syr., and one MS.] hath γωγῆς ὕδατος, ἔσται καθαρόν. ὁ δὲ ἁπτό- offered. μενος τῶν θνησιμαίων αὐτῶν ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται. Au. Ver.-36 Nevertheless a fountain or CHAP. XIII. 2. אָדָם כִּי־יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ שְׂאֵת אִוֹ־,.pit, where in there is plenty of water [Heb מַפַּחַת אוֹ בַהֶרֶת וְהָיָה בְעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ a gathering together of waters, shall be לְנֶגַע צָרָעַת וְהוּבָא אֶל־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן אוֹ -AT clean but that which toucheth their carcase shall be unclean. Bp. Horsley.-36 "Nevertheless a collection of water in a fountain or well shall be clean." Au. Ver.-A fountain. Ver. 43. Au. Ver. That ye should be defiled. Ver. 45. Au. Ver.-45 For I am the LORD that bringeth you up out of the land of Egypt, &c. Ged., Booth. For I the Lord am your God [Sam., Syr., and two MSS.] who have brought, &c. CHAP. XII. 4. Au. Ver.-4 And she shall then continue in the blood of her purifying three and thirty ἀνθρώπῳ ἐάν τινι γένηται ἐν δέρματι χρωτός αὐτοῦ οὐλὴ σημασίας τηλαυγὴς, καὶ γένηται ἐν δέρματι χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ ἁφὴ λέπρας. ἀχθήσεται πρὸς 'Ααρὼν τὸν ἱερέα, ἢ ἕνα τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ τῶν ἱερέων. Au. Ver.-2 When a man shall have in the skin of his flesh a rising [or, swelling], a scab, or bright spot, and it be in the skin of his flesh like the plague of leprosy; then he shall be brought unto Aaron the priest, or unto one of his sons the priests. A rising. Ged., Booth.-A pustule. Rosen.-2 Indicantur signa, quæ pariunt suspicionem lepræ., LXX vertunt on. Syrus et Chaldæus N, signum apparens et vitiosum, macula. Michaelis vertit Finnen, tumores. Quædam lepræ species eaque non valde periculosa, ex Hillary descriptione, incipit a tumore, qui nodulum magnitudine magnitudine æquat. aciculæ |