A. M. 3640.

had lately received. But they had recourse to no other vengance than kindness; they furnished him with provisions and troops for his return, and were willing to consider the depredations which had been committed in their country as advantageous to them, if at that price they could convert the enmity of the Athenians into friendship.

Sometime after this event, the populace of Heraclea excited a violent commotion against the rich Ant. J. C. citizens and senators, who having implored assist

. 364.

ance to no effect, first from Timotheus the Athe-
nian, and afterwards from Epaminondas the The-
ban, were necessitated to recall Clearchus a senator
to their defence, whom themselves had banished;
but his exile had neither improved his morals nor
rendered him a better citizen than he was before.
He therefore made the troubles, in which he found
the city involved, subservient to his design of sub-
jecting it to his own power. With this view he
openly declared for the people, caused himself to
be invested with the highest office in the magistracy,
and assumed a sovereign authority in a short time.
Being thus become a professed tyrant, there were
no kinds of violence to which he had not recourse
against the rich and the senators, to satiate his ava-
rice and cruelty. He proposed for his model Dio-
nysius the Tyrant, who had established his
over the Syracusans at the same time.

power

After a hard and inhuman servitude of twelve years, two young citizens, who were Plato's disciples, and had been instructed in his maxims, formed a conspiracy against Clearchus, and slew him; but though they delivered their country from the tyrant, the tyranny still subsisted.

*Heraclienses honestiorem beneficii, quàm ultionis occasionem rati, instructos commeatibus auxiliisque dimittunt; bene agrorum suorum populationem impensam existimantes, si, quos hostes habuerant, amicos reddidissent. Justin.

Timotheus, the son of Clearchus, assumed his place, and pursued his conduct for the space of fifteen years.

He was succeeded by his brother Dionysius, who was in danger of being dispossessed of his authority by Perdiccas; but as this last was soon destroyed, Dionysius contracted a friendship with Antigonus, whom he assisted against Ptolemy in the Cyprian war.

He espoused Amastris, the widow of Craterus, and daughter of Oxiathres, the brother of Darius. This alliance inspired him with so much courage, that he assumed the title of king, and enlarged his dominions by the addition of several places which he seized on the confines of Heraclea.

A. M. 3652. Ant. J. C. 352. A. M. 3667. Ant. J. C.

337.

3700. Ant. J. C.

He died two or three years before the battle of A. M. Ipsus, after a reign of thirty-three years, leaving two sous and a daughter under the tutelage and regency of Amastris.

This princess was rendered happy in her administration, by the affection Antigonus entertained for her. She founded a city, and called it by her own name; into which she transplanted the inhabitants of three other cities, and espoused Lysimachus, after the death of Antigonusf.

Kings of Syracuse.

304.

A. M.

3735.

HIERO, and his son Hieronymus, reigned at Syracuse; the first fifty-four years, the second but Ant. J. C.

one year.

269. A. M.

3789.

215.

A. M.

Syracuse recovered its liberty by the death of the last, but continued in the interest of the Carthagi- Ant. J.C. nians, which Hieronymus had caused it to espouse. His conduct obliged Marcellus to form the siege of that city, which he took the following year. I shall Ant. J. C. enlarge upon the history of these two kings in another place.

3791.

213.

d Diod. l. xvi.

p.

435. e Ibid. p. 478. f Ibid. 1. xx. p. 933.

Other Kings.

SEVERAL kings likewise reigned in the Cimmerian Bosphorus, as also in Thrace, Cyrene in Africa, Paphlagonia, Colchis, Iberia, Albania, and a variety of other places; but their history is very uncertain, and their successions have but little regularity.

These circumstances are very different with respect to the kingdom of the Parthians, who formed themselves, as we shall see in the sequel, into such a powerful monarchy, as became formidable even to the Roman Empire. That of the Bactrians received its original about the same period: I shall treat of each in their proper places.

CATALOGUE of the Editions of the principal GREEK AUTHORS cited in this WORK.

HERODOTUS. Francof. An. 1608.

THUCYDIDES. Apud Henricum Stephanum, An. 1588.

XENOPHON. Lutetiæ Parisiorum, apud Societatem Græcarum Editionum, An. 1625. POLYBIUS. Parisiis, An. 1609.

DIODORUS SICULUS. Hanoviæ, Typis Wechelianis, An. 1604.

PLUTARCHUS. Lutetiæ Parisiorum apud Societatem Græcarum Editionum, An. 1624.

STRABO.

An. 1620.

Lutetiæ Parisiorum, Typis regiis,

ATHENAUS. Lugduni, An. 1612.

PAUSANIAS. Hanovic, Typis Wechelianis, An.

1613.

APPIANUS ALEXANDER.

phan. An. 1592.

Apud Henric. Ste

PLATO. Ex nová Joannis Serrani interpretatione. Apud Henricum Stephanum, An. 1578. ARISTOTELES. Lutetiæ Parisiorum, apud Societatem Græcarum Editionum, An. 1619.

ISOCRATES. Apud Paulum Stephanum, An. 1604.

DIOGENES LAERTIUS. Apud Henricum Stephanum, An. 1594.

DEMOSTHENES. Francof. An. 1604.
ARRIANUS. Lugd. Batav. An. 1704.