66

6

burg), La., near New Orleans, June 15, at the Old Bowery two engagements, March 1835, having a younger brother and sister. and April, 1860, as Mrs. John C. Heenan, to McCord died in 1842, and the widow married Heenan's great disgust: his fight with (n.d.) Dr. James Campbell, an Army sur-Sayers came off April 17. After this she geon at the barracks in Baton Rouge, the starred in the south and west under that State capital, who died in 1855, leaving name, and made a sensation by putting the family in poverty. The brother was Confederate flags in her room and talking or became a compositor in Cincinnati; the hotly secessionist, for which she was arrested sisters (already fine dancers) ballet girls in Baltimore. Coming back to another at the French Opera House in New Orleans. engagement with the Bowery, her poems A year later, Adelaide, as Bertha Theo- had attracted Robert H. Newell, at heart a dore," joined a troupe travelling in Cuba, romantic dreamer and hero-worshipper; Mexico, and Texas. At Galveston in 1856 and he took her moods for solidities. She she met and married a Jewish musician, married him either in October, 1861, still Alexander Isaacs Menken, turning and undivorced (Brown and others), or in 1863 remaining a nominal Jewess, adding " Adah divorced (James); anyway, an Indiana to her stage name for colour, and reverting court freed her in 1862. Newell stipulated to his last two as her permanent one that she keep off the stage: she sailed with all which did not prevent her finding it him to California in July, 1863, and promptly " tiresome to "keep looking at " him. broke the pledge the money offers from the She was literary and ambitious (had trans- stageless miners and her own cravings were lated the Iliad), and now had a reputation too tempting, and she set them wild with as Queen of the Plaza and some money. Mazeppa and The French Spy.' In She returned to New Orleans, wrote the spring of 1864 she and her husband a volume of poems (Memories') as by sailed on a Liverpool boat via the Isthmus ; "Indigina," studied Spanish, French and whence he returned to New York to brood German, and trained as a tragédienne, for life, and she kept on; a close companion Her début was at the Varieties in New was Capt. James Barclay, a rich Californian. Orleans, as Bianca in 'Fazio,' in the spring In the fall of 1865 she returned to America, of 1858. She then went to Cincinnati and got another Indiana divorce, this time from Louisville; was divorced from Menken in Newell (I wrote carelessly on this), played Nashville; as leading lady for W. H. in New York and the west, married BarCrisp toured the south; again left the clay in 1866, shortly quarrelled with him stage; studied sculpture; plunged ardently and went back to Europe, where she reinto newspaper controversy and wrote in mained; dying in Paris, Aug. 10, 1868, Cincinnati for The Israelite, the chief penniless and almost alone after earning American Jewish organ-an article in and squandering a huge fortune and with support of Baron L. N. Rothschild's sitting her name on the lips of millions. She in Parliament being circulated through was buried as a Jewess in the strangers' Europe. But she could never keep money, quarter of Père Lachaise; the next year and publicity was her life; she went on James, as agent for friends, removed her the stage again, came to New York in the to Montparnasse and put up a monument winter of 1858-9, fell wildly in love with to her. John C. Heenan, the "Benicia Boy," and married him on April 3. (James incredibly says she met Menken in 1858, married him in 1859, and Heenan April 3) Shortly after the birth of a boy they quarrelled and parted; the baby died and she had a serious illness. In June she had first gone on the New York stage, at the National. The same year, apparently, she did her first' Mazeppa at the Albany (N.Y.) Theatre, for J. B. Smith, a speculating bill-poster. It had always been played by men, with a dummy for the steep runs, and Smith was unwilling to have her risk it; but after one bad crash and a narrow escape she did it regularly. Again, at New York, she played

Where the "Dolores Teurtos" (evidently the same as the Fuertes" and "Fuertos elsewhere) came from is a mystery. I hazard the guess that the virtual strangers who saw to her burial and knew nothing of her antecedents found some poem in her effects whose signature they took to be her own name. The marriage and desertion at seventeen are pretty certainly fiction: they were nothing to lie about, and she would have told James and others.

It would be unfair to close this and not say that despite her craze for excitement and novelty and self-display, some of her closest companions held her a great-hearted and most generous woman; lavish to

poor and

.

fellow-professionals and the "With these statements before us," he charitable institutions, and without greed or says, "we may attribute the origin of the guile. And she was quite incapable of selling herself: her husbands were real husbands while they lasted, and her retention of not only her first lover's name but his religion, not in any way hers, seems to show that that romance never quite died. FORREST MORGAN.

Hartford, Conn.

coal money to the Romans," and proceeds to meet and reply to the universal question, what is the "coal money," what was its origin, what was its use? by characterizing the various theories advanced by some antiquaries satisfactory; whilst those who are better acquainted with the use of the lathe have determined that they are simply the refuse of the turners, and enters into a discussion upon these conclusions.

as un

Mr. Austen would seem to have read an

second

KIMMERIDGE Coal Money (12 S. ix. 450, 495).--May I, in addition to the editorial note at the earlier reference, refer MR. ARDAGH to the article by the Rev. J. H. additional paper on the subject in October, Austen at p. 82 of the Papers of the Purbeck | 1859; and, again, a shorter supplementary Society, a journal running intermittently one in the first and only number of the from 1852 to 1869, whilst aggregating only one volume and the first number of a second, which he states that he finds strongly volume, published in 1869, in of which complete copies are practically confirmatory evidence of his theory that a impossible to obtain? This Society was talismanic value was attached to Kimmethe precursor of the present flourishing ridge coal and analogous substances. Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club inaugurated in 1875, and of At the later reference in N. & Q.' MR. W. which I am one of the very few surviving original members.

the

In this article Mr. Austen (who was the secretary and one of the principal founders of the Purbeck Society) gives a long, interesting and well-illustrated account of this "old antiquarian puzzle," as editorial note not inaptly calls it. But as it is extremely unlikely to be within the reach of your correspondent, may I be allowed to give a few short extracts from the paper, which was read in Purbeck in November, 1856, and may prove of interest and value to him. The author prefaces his remarks by saying:

I have in my possession specimens of every variety which has been discovered, and still am forced to confess that the more I search, the more I inquire, the more conflicting becomes the evidence obtained.

The material of which they are formed is a bituminous shale called Kimmeridge Coal, of which there are extensive beds on that immediate part of the coast. It is still used by the inhabitants of the neighbourhood as fuel. It burns freely, with a white ash and slaty residue, and emits a disagreeable bituminous odour. A few years since it was extensively worked for the purpose of making naptha [sic].

The difference in the varieties of the "Coal money arises from two causes; first, the different kinds of chucks of the lathe used, and secondly, the number of rings cut off one piece; the usual form supplying only one, whilst from that of a conical two or more have been taken."

Mr. Austen gives several instances of these forms, and criticizes the opinions which had been published respecting these relics.

HARCOURT-BATH mentions an article on the
subject of Kimmeridge "coal money" by the
late Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, to be found
in one of the early volumes of the Dorset
Natural History and Antiquarian Field
Club, c. 1890. Mr. Mansel Pleydell was
the first president of this Society at its
inauguration in 1875 and remained so until
his death in May, 1902-a man with a
most gifted mind and charming personality.
(I knew him well.) He contributed two
learned articles in the Proceedings of this
Society on the subject of the Kimmeridge
shale-one on the coal
money (vol. xiii.
p. 178 (1892)) and the other on the geological
formation and the commercial and economic
value of the shale (vol. xv., p. 172 (1894)).
The earlier of these papers is no doubt that
to which Mr. Harcourt-Bath refers.

66

paper

These papers, though not so difficult of access as those of the Purbeck Society, may not be readily available to Mr. Ardagh, so may I again be allowed to transcribe for his benefit a short extract or two from Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's article? In this I can find no reference to the earlier ones on the same subject by Mr. Austen (but his name is mentioned) though of their existence, one would think, Mr. Mansel-Pleydell could scarcely have been unaware at one time, as he was vice-president of the Purbeck Society when the first of these articles was written so many years before. The long space of time, however, and the common knowledge of the subject which

both writers possessed in so great a degree the seat of the court interest." Curwen's might easily account for this omission. next stopping-place was in fact Marlborough,

Mr. Mansel-Pleydell's valuable article but he does not appear to have noted a was well illustrated by some photographic repetition of this sign, due perhaps to his objects of Kimmeridge shale, including giving his whole attention to the grounds several discs or "coal money and he and gardens of the famous Castle Inn, begins his remarks on these interesting, which he describes in some detail. relics by saying:

This so-called Kimmeridge coal money is made from a bituminous shale extensively developed at the little village of Kimmeridge, which has the honour of giving the name to this section of the upper Portland series. It resembles jet, but differs in being inorganic. And again (p. 187):—

J. PAUL DE CASTRO.

It is now generally accepted that instead of PRINCIPAL LONDON TAVERNS OF THE having been expressly made for money or any EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: "THE SWAN other purpose it is merely the refuse or waste TAVERN," CHELSEA (12 S. vi. 144; x. 96).— piece from the lathe. The solution to the apparent discrepancy remarked by MR. ST. JOHN BROOKS in the devises of Oct. 11, 1770, and April 4, 1794, lies in the fact that meanwhile, in 1780, the original Old Swan Tavern, which had stood at the southern end of Swan Walk on the eastern side of Sir Hans Sloane's Physic Garden was converted into a brewery, and that the second or White Swan Tavern was built on the western side of the garden, which would bring it almost within Cheyne Walk. There are people still alive who remember the newer Old Swan."

From the evidence adduced above there is no proof that coal money and other objects made of Kimmeridge shale were extant before the Roman period. The barrows, which are decidedly British, yield nothing manufactured from the Kimmeridge shale, although unworked pieces often occur for reasons to be accounted for ; there is no doubt that the coal money is merely the refuse or core from the lathe.

J. S. UDAL, F.S.A.

FIVE ALLS

TAVERN SIGNS: THE (12 S. ix. 45, 355, 390; x. 78). At the second reference K. S. remarks that this sign is to be found in Wiltshire at the towns of Chippenham and Marlborough.' It was at one time to be found at Devizes also, as may be learnt from the Journals and Letters of Samuel Curwen, Judge of the American Admiralty Court, whose diaries of his stay in England from 1775 to 1783 so greatly interested Charles Dickens (Household Words, May and June, 1853). Curwen set out from Bath for London on Aug. 4, 1780, and the following few lines are taken from his account of the journey :At eleven o'clock we alighted at the Black Lion in Devizes, where, after taking refreshment, I walked forth to ramble, and espied a sign for quaintness of its device here noted. On the sign were painted five men, well known by the name of the " five alls"; the first in order, according to the present mode of arrangement of Church before King, stands the parson in his sacerdotalibus; he prays for all second, the lawyer, in his gown, band and tie-wig; he pleads for all third, the soldier in uniform, with a fierce countenance; he fights for all fourth is a physician, with great wig and solemn phiz and boluses and juleps in his hand; he kills or cures all the fifth and last is the farmer, with his settled, thoughtful countenance; he pays for all.

In this form the sign is clearly intended as a compliment to the country interest,' and would scarcely be displayed in London,

It does not appear to be generally known that Tobias Smollett frequented the older house. Writing to Alexander Reid, surgeon, on Aug. 3, 1763, he begs to be remembered to his old friends at the Swan.

J. PAUL DE CASTRO.

TIME WITH A GIFT OF TEARS" (12 S. x.
18, 54, 96). This passage is not the only, or
even the first, occasion on which Swinburne
used the figure (whatever it is called) of
transposing the attributes of a pair of en-
Atalanta in
tities. I remember, when
Calydon' was first published, John Coning-
ton, who was then Professor of Latin at
Oxford, instancing as an earlier example of
this literary waywardness two lines of an
earlier tour de force composed by Swinburne,
called "The Woodlouse," which ran-

I remember all the future
I prefigure all the past.

JOHN R. MAGRATH, ERGHUM (12 S. x. 9, 55, 99).-A canon of Lincoln described as Magister Radulphus de Ergum, Erghom, Yergom, is frequently mentioned in the capitular Acta in the fourteenth century. He was cited as canon in May, 1331, was appointed custos choristarum April 8, 1352, and occurs frequently as witnessing to proceedings in chapter from 1337 to 1355. He is not mentioned in Hardy's 'Le Neve,' nor is there anything in the Acta to show which prebend he held, so far as I have noted. J. T. F. Winterton, Lines.

JAMES SETON-ANDERSON.

BARON GRANT (12 S. x. 31, 75, 115).—The as "Petri Lely, Car. II., Pictoris, Nepos lines in question were written by my father, Natu-maximus," who died in 1735 without the late Mr. John Hill (who was a member surviving issue. of the Stock Exchange), on the morning on which the daily papers announced that the King of Italy had conferred the title of Baron upon Grant. There were two lines only:

Kings can a title give, but honour can't.

Rank without honour is a barren grant.

He handed them to a friend (Mr. John Renton) in the House" and in an hour or two they were all over London.

I have received the following version of the Leicester Square lines :—

What! Flowers in Leicester Square? These flowers of Grant's

39, Carlisle Road, Hove, Sussex.

"St.

15. Henrietta Knight, née St. John, Lady Luxborough. She was born on Swithin's Day," July 15, 1699, and died In March 26, 1756. confirmation, see written by Letters the late Right Honourable Lady Luxborough to William Shenstone, Esq.,' published in 1775. Letter xx., dated Barrells, Wednesday, July 10, 1751, gives ::

Why should you not come and celebrate St. Your company will Swithin's Day with me? make me regard the day which gave me birth with much more pleasure than the circumstance of its having first shewn me the light for what is light, or any other blessing, without social friends?

Are but the products of his City plants.
The shade by which he hopes to gain our praise
Reveals, alas, the donor's shady ways.
What can he hope to gain from this affair
Save to connect his name with something square?
I think these were taken from House And Notices of the Churches of Warwick-
Scraps, by Geo. D. Atkin (1887)--the shire, Deanery of Warwick,' vol. i., p. 144
House" in question being the Stock (Ullenhall) :—
Exchange.

LEONARD HILL.

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POETRY (12 S. x. 91).--The following information may be useful:

6. William Bedingfield. Was not the poem Beauty' attributed to this poet written by Anderson ?

8. Henry Carey, born 1690, died 1743. He is believed to have been the illegitimate son of George Savile, Marquis of Halifax (1633-95), who

On the south side of the east window is a tablet. Arms, Knight impaling St. John, with the follie the remains of lowing inscription: "In the vault of this chancel Baroness Luxborough, B. 15th July, 1699, D. 26th March, 1756." RICHARD SAVAGE.

Stratford-upon-Avon.

16. Moses Mendez. The date of this known, as it is not given in an exhaustive minor poet's birth does not seem to be paper on Mendez by Mr. J. P. Simpson, published in Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, was the chief opponent vol. xviii. 104-109 (1905), and describing of the Bill excluding the Duke of York from the succession, and was made Marquis and a volume containing poems, translations Lord Privy Seal (1682-5). Carey's first marked that if he had been a poorer man and letters of Mendez, of whom it is revolume of poems appeared in 1713; others he might have been a greater poet.

in 1720 and 1729. He wrote farces, bur-
lesques and dramatic pieces,
pieces, frequently
with the accompanying music. His best-
known poem is Sally in our Alley.' It
was once claimed for him that he was the
author and composer of God Save the
King.'

.

10. The Hon. Mary Molesworth, daughter of Robert, first Viscount Molesworth, by Letitia, third daughter of Richard Coote, Lord Colooney, married George, eldest son of Henry Monck by his wife Sarah, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Stanley of Grange Gorman, near Dublin. The dates of birth and marriage are not given in Burke.

14. Richard Lely. Was he the Richard Lely of Greetwell Hall, Co. Lincoln, described in his epitaph in Greetwell Church

W. B. H.

17. Mary Masters. At 10 S. iii. 404, 405, the late W. P. COURTNEY contributed a column and three-quarters on Mary Masters. He there pointed out that Croker's statement in a note to Boswell's Johnson' (under the year 1752), “She is supposed to have died about 1759," was probably based on a notice in The Gentleman's Magazine for that year of the death of a Mrs. Masters at Brook, in Kent, on Sept. 27. MR. COURTNEY refers to Samuel Pegge's Anonymiana,' 1818 ed., cent. ix. 89, where Mrs. Masters, the poetess, is said to have died in June, 1771. She had lived at Pegge's Rectory, Whittington, Derbyshire, from 1755 to April, 1757, “when,

6

às he judged, she was about sixty-three progeny than could be expected from the best sire years of age."

On p. 474 in the same volume of ' N. & Q.' a correspondent suggested that the Mrs. the number or sex of the Arabs and Barbs imMasters who died at Brook, in Kent, ported in the reign of the "Merry Monarch." Sept. 27, 1759, was Elizabeth, widow of WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. Streynsham Master (sic) of Brook, in the parish of Wingham, Kent, who died on June 22, 1724, aged 43. This Elizabeth R. Bigland's History of Gloucestershire,' Master was the only daughter of Richard under Barrington Parva, gives this inscripOxenden, fifth son of Sir Henry Oxenden, tion on a gravestone :Bt., of Dean, or Dene, in Wingham.

i