ARAB (OR EASTERN) HORSES (12 S. x. out all the inaccuracies of the article; the 91, 138).—When compiling the history of principal points are that the sides are the old Newcastle-on-Tyne Race Meeting invariably composed of four players and I spent a good deal of time in research that the scoring is identical with that of regarding the Fenwick family and their lawn tennis, even to "advantage" and connexion with bloodstock. The date of" deuce." the following letter (1610) will reconcile I agree with the American narrator that the dates mentioned by ARAB with the it is a game requiring much agility and death of Sir John Fenwick. The writer strength, but to rank it above cricket is was Robert Delaval, who, to the Earl of silly in the extreme and worthy only of one Northumberland, communicated the follow- to whom the niceties of the greatest athletic ing::game the world has ever known are a closed I have seen a very fine paseinge [pacing] mare book. Still, with some amplification of the that is black and of middle size, which I can rules, it might be worth while giving it a buy for your lordship, and hath so good a fore-trial in England. S. H. DU PARC. hand and head as I know not where the like is to be had in these parts. The colt that AMERICAN HUMORISTS : CAPT. G. H. Sir John Fenwick gave the King that was held DERBY (12 S. x. 353, 394, 491, 535).—My to be the swiftest horse in England, which was given to the Duke of Ulster, is full brother by this copy of the first edition of the Squibob horse to this mare. She hath this year a very Papers' in my library being mislaid, I cannot fair horse colt that is some five weeks old, gotten now refer to it, so accept X. T. R.'s authowith a horse that paceth of Sir Ralph Graye's rity for his statement. It must be noted, that will not be sold for £100 and the gent. that owns her will not sell his mare and co!t under £20, however, that Capt. Derby died in 1861, and if I dislike the colt he will abate me twenty and that the Squibob Papers' were first nobles of the £20. The mare is this year covered published in 1865. The notes, therefore, again with a marvellous fair Grey Turk that paceth may have been those of the editor. little but very excellent good shape. Sir John Fenwick-a staunch Royalist was stud-master both to Charles I. and Charles II., and did much to lay the foundation of the thoroughbred as we know it to-day. J. FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. Grove House, Norton-on-Tees. Squibob" was another nom de plume of Capt. Derby, and many of the letters in Phoenixiana' (1856) are signed "Squibob." A representation in gilt of Squibob" is on the front cover of the book, and the frontispiece is a portrait of "Yours respectfully John P. Squibob " (John Phoenix Squibob). I find no reference in articles in Phoenixiafina connecting "Squibob " with George Wshington. PALLONE, AN ITALIAN GAME (12 S. x. 65). -With reference to the article under the above heading, I am not aware if this I was a member of the publication comdescription of the game therein contained mittee of the Caxton Club, Chicago, under as given by an American sculptor still whose supervision the 1897 edition of stands good for Rome, but I can say that, Phoenixiana' was published. This issue as regards the game as played in Piedmont was edited by John Vance Cheney, at that and Tuscany, the description is very incorrect. time head Librarian of the Newbury Library, The game has always been more essentially and a member of the committee. Mr. Cheney a Piedmontese and Tuscan one than Roman. was acquainted with the family of Capt. As played in Piedmont (where it may truly Derby, and the facts incorporated in his be called the national game) there are two Introduction were obtained from them. chief varieties; one being played with a Mrs. Derby and her son, Capt. George soft india-rubber ball slightly larger than McClennan Derby, placed at the disposal a cricket ball, the ball being struck with of our committee an album of the original the hand, round which is wound a handker-sketches of Capt. Derby. Mr. Cheney, in chief; and the other variety played with a his Introduction, refers to the portrait of hard ball as described. The gauntlets of " Squibob" (referring to vol. ii. of the wood with the projecting bosses resemble Caxton Club edition) as follows:nothing so much as pineapples, and cover The portrait of "Squibob," frontispiece to the hand as far as the wrist only, not to the vol. ii., drawn by Derby, over his own photoelbow. graph as the groundwork, is from the original cut used in the Appleton edition of Phoenixiana, 1856. I do not imagine that the subject is sufficiently interesting to English readers to GEORGE MERRYWEATHER. merit taking up much of your space to point Highland Park, Ill., U.S.A. PRIME MINISTER (12 S. ix. 446; x. 117). I remember years ago reading an account of -MB. JOHN BERESFORD is to be congratu- this automaton playing chess with Napoleon, lated greatly on his discovery of this title who, to test its knowledge of the game, made in the margin of Clarendon's 'Continuation, three false moves. On the first occasion the &c., under 1661. This date now becomes the figure replaced the piece wrongly moved earliest of which the phrase is used. But and made its own move; on the second it I still think that the earliest to write it removed the offending piece from the board; was Reresby in 1667 (p. 14 of the 1734 and on the third it swept off the pieces the first edition). For his Memoirs are in the nature (and almost the form) of a diary, as anyone can see at a glance, and the entry I cited must have been written in or about 1667. and refused to continue the game. I am sorry that I cannot recall the source of this amusing story, still less express any opinion as to its truth. I rather think-but cannot be at all certain that it was in a magazine for boys in the mid-seventies. Now I assume (though I do not know) that the marginal notes of the Continua- I certainly saw an automaton chess-player tion' were written by Clarendon. The at the Crystal Palace a little before the date 'Continuation was first published in 1759 mentioned by your correspondent. It was (Oxford). (In the 1827 edition, Oxford, the a figure of a Turk sitting on a large ottoman, marginal note is on p. 416, vol. i.). We smoking a hookah,' the cord of which know (v. 'D.N.B.,' article by Prof. Firth) looked as if it might have been the means of how the Life' was written, and the Con- electric communication. As far as I know tinuation' is actually dated Moulins, the secret was never discovered. But one June 8, 1672." Clarendon died in 1674. thing that I saw tended to support the It seems pretty certain that the words "hidden director" theory. The figure "prime minister" were inserted after 1672. nodded twice for check and three times 66 for mate." Anson, whom I cited, quotes Swift's I saw it give check and nod "Inquiry into the Behaviour of the Queen's twice. While its opponent was considering last Ministry,' xvi. 19. I cannot find the his move, a bystander remarked "It is phrase in the Edinburgh edition, vol. v., The figure at once p. 264 (1824), nor when it was first published, nodded a third time! but it is of little importance, for in the title it is said, "Written in June, 1715.” I thank your correspondents for interesting Anson's other reference to Swift is "Pre- replies and gladly adopt L. L. K.'s correct face to the History of the last four years spelling of the name. The B.M. catalogue of Queen Anne [xvi.], p. 38." The words does not advance the study of the subject, are the conduct of those who are now but two illuminating notes by C. Babbage called prime ministers (Edinb. edition, occur in a copy of a French edition of No. 1 1824, vol. v., p. 16). But Swift begins the of Inanimate Reason,' published at Basle Preface by saying that it was written (as "chez l'Editeur," 1783. the title implies) about 1713: it was not published till 1758 (D.N.B.'). · The net result seems to be that the earliest year of which the term is used is 1661 (Clarendon), that the earliest writer to employ it is Reresby in 1667, and that the earliest to recognize its coming into common use is Swift (1713). If anyone discovers a literary reference to the title earlier than 1661-7 it is greatly to be hoped that he will publish it. H. CN. DE KEMPLEN'S AUTOMATON CHESS FLAYER (12 S. x. 72, 113).—There is a full account of this invention, with diagrams showing how the living player was conesed, in chap. vi. of Tomlinson's 'Chess,' published 1845. mate -as it was. BARTON R. A. MILLS. March 6, 1819.-I went this evening to Spring is not elegant and not so good as many of Merlin's He Feb. 12, atdy, 1820.-Played with the automaton in St. James Street. He gave pawn and the move. Automaton won in about an hour. He played very cautiously-a trap door in the floor of the room was very evident just behind the figure. These notes are written on pp. 1 and 3 of an inserted piece of paper, on p. 2 of which G. A. ANDERSON. is recorded one of the games played, presumably at the first date. A handbill of this exhibition at No. 4, Spring Gardens, advertises the automaton chess-player and "The Automaton Trumpeter of John Maelzel of Vienna." This handbill is c. 1819/20. Your correspondent MR. A. S. E. ACKERMANN can be assured that this is the earliest example; its later replicas had a concealed boy or dwarf as skilled player and were not entirely automata as they professed to be. ALECK ABRAHAMS. THE ARMS OF LEEDS (12 S. ix. 507; x. 56, 72, 115). Although Leeds is honoured by having a Duke and a Lord Mayor, an esquire's helmet only adorns its coat of arms. The Kings-of-Arms have confirmed and assigned the supporters and crest as follows: On a wreath of the colours or and azure an owl proper as the same is in the margin hereof more plainly depicted. On either side, an owl proper crowned or, as the same are in the margin hereof also more plainly depicted, the whole to be borne and used for ever hereafter by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens of the City of Leeds and their successors, in their corporate capacity, on seals, shields or otherwise, according to the Laws of Arms. The helm and shield are only depicted in the blazon in the margin. The silver Savile owls have been changed to their natural colour and the Danby rowels have been changed to unpierced mullets, quite unnecessarily, and have lost their historic connexion. What are the laws of arms? If the confirmation and assignment are not in accordance with them, are they valid and effectual? Would not the crest be more properly described as a badge ? The Yorkshire Weekly Post of Jan. 14 contains a photographic reproduction of the G. D. LUMB. arms. Leeds. LAND MEASUREMENT TERMS (12 S. x. 48, 96). I suggest that bidale or bidle is a modification of pightle. I have heard this word pronounced "piddle." Halliwell gives for it: "A small meadow; any small enclosed piece of land." I have heard it suggested that its derivation is "pittike." A. D. T. THE "CHEVALIER SCHAUB" (12 S. X. 110 with whom King Stanislaus stayed in 1754 was probably Sir Luke Schaub, whose wife (a Frenchwoman) when saying with Lady Cobham at the Mansion House in Stoke Pogis in 1750 paid a call on the poet Gray, which led to his writing the Long Story.' 66 He KANGAROO COOKE (12 S. x. 94).-BurDOCK omits the final e " in his name. was Major-General Henry Frederick Cooke, C.B. and K.C.H., commonly called “KangCooke," and a portrait of him under that sobriquet is to be found in Dighton's caricaAbout the year 1812 he was a Captures. tain and Lieut.-Colonel in the Coldstreams and A.D.C. to the Duke of York. Various rumours were in circulation as to the genesis of his nom de plume, Kangaroo. One was that he let loose a cageful of these animals at Pidcock's menagerie; another, that on being asked by the Duke of York how he fared in the Peninsula, he replied that he could get nothing to eat but kangaroo." He died at Harefield Park on March 10, 1837. He was the last surviving brother of Lieut.General Sir George Cooke, K.C.B., who lost an arm at Waterloo, where he commanded a division. 66 In some verses written by Lord Erskine to commemorate a dinner he gave at Oatlands, and his guests, on Dec. 31, 1812, he thus alludes to Cooke : Next to Lewis there sat, would you wish to know who? I will tell you-my worthy good friend Kangaroo. his query. This could be much enlarged Your correspondent, in suggesting that were a new edition published. Another Chinkwell may be "the same as Chigwell," helpful book is Dictionary of Foreign may have remembered that Chingford Phrases and Classical Quotations,' by H. P. is within three or four miles of the Jones (1913). R. E. THOMAS. latter. And whɛt about Chignall St. James and Chignall Smealy and Chignal Hall (the variation of spelling is Bartholomew's), six or seven miles north-west of Chelmsford ? The following two books will be found useful: A Hand-Book of Mottoes,' by C. N. Elvin, M.A. (Bell and Daldy, 1860); Morals of Mottoes' by Samuel B. James, M.A., Vicar of Northampton (Religious Tract Society, n.d., but about 1874). J. DE BERNIERE SMITH. LA SANTA PARENTELA' (12 S. x. 107). -There are many mutually destructive legends relating to St. Anne; but according to John Eck (1483-1543), professor in the University of Ingoldstadt, her first marriage was to St. Joachim, by whom she became mother of Our Lady; her second to Cleophas, by whom she became mother of Mary Cleophae (wife of Alphaeus and mother of the Apostles James the Less, Simon and Jude, and of Joseph the Just); and the third to Salomas, to whom she bore Mary Salomae (wife of Zebedee and mother of the Apostles John and James the Greater). Others identify Alphaeus and Cleophas; and Hegesippus says that Clopas was a brother of St. Joseph. Myself, and probably other correspondents to N. & Q.,' would be obliged if GENERAL LAMBARDE would give us a fuller account of his miniature and of the two pictures of the Flemish school in the Cologne Museum, of which Baedeker's Rhine' gives no notice. Baedeker does, however, call attention to a triptych by the Master of the Holy Relationship.' The various Biblical dictionaries do not help much. Some of the legends relating to St. Anne give the names of her father and mother, and also of St. Joachim's father and mother, but these vary. Probably, however, the grandparents of Our Lord were included in La Santa Parentela.' JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. 66 DERIVATION OF CHINKWELL (12 S. x. 93). -Probably this was Chingwell, like Chingford, the g being changed to k, forming a better-known word, like "Inkpen," which was no doubt "Ingpen." In Domesday Book there are mentioned some 30 Chings or "Cings," besides various "Ings.' Most of the "Ings " and "Chings," &c., were near Roman roads, and probably tribes or families settled at these places in Roman times. A. M. C. My people have a "breeches Bible," with many entries of Chignells (who occasionally spelt themselves with a "w") who were born and married and buried in end about Colchester between three and two hundrea old father in, ists that they came from years ago. They were Huguenots, and my I half suspect he invented this while diliChuignolles, a little way south of Bray (but gently studying the map round about Albert while the war was on !). the These similarities may not help to solve further discussion in your columns; but if query about Chinkwell, or deserve any of your correspondents can tell me more about any of these names I shall be grateful if I may hear from them. (REV.) A. K. CHIGNELL. Charterhouse, Hull, E. Yorks. SAMUEL HARTLIB (12 S. x. 110).-The latest and fullest account is found in Dr. Turnbull's pamphlet Samuel Hartlib' (Oxford, 1920). From this we learn that 1628 was probably the year of Hartlib's arrival in England. A letter dated Sept. 1 of that year is addressed to him at a merchant neere Dukes place [Aldgate] in London " another dated Dec. 13 "at his lodginge in Christchurch lane." He was married at St. Dionis Backchurch on Jan. 20, 1629 (n.s.), and a letter dated May 1 (presumably 1629) is addressed to him "at Dalston neere Kingsland" (pp. 7, 8):— When he left this house is not certain, but it seems that he was settled in a house in Duke's Place, London, as early as June 18th, 1638. The date of his removal to " Charing Cross, over against Angel Court," is also uncertain, but he was already there on May 2nd, 1651. Thence he removed to a house in Axe Yard, Westminster, apparently in 1658, for a letter to Boyle of December 16th of that year mentions his new house, and subsequent letters bear the address until his death in 1662 (p. 42). Axe-yard." Here he remained in all probability Hartlib died on Monday, March 10, and was buried at the church of St. Martin-inthe-Fields (p. 72). DAVID SALMON. Swansea. MR. LAURANCE M. WULCKO would find a good deal of information about Hartlib in Mr. Donald McDonald's fine book, ‘Agricultural sold to this family by Edward VI. Mr. Writers from Sir Walter of Henley to Arthur Ewen is advised to communicate with the Young' (published in 1908 at the offices of vicar of Billericay with regard to Herne The Field, Windsor House, Bream's Build- church and any souvenirs there may still ings, E.C.4). Mr. McDonald studies his remain of the Ewen family and arms. works rather than his life history, but a HENRY CURTIS. certain amount of biographical detail emerges, as also the fact that "A Biographical Memoir of Samuel Hartlib,' written by Mr. Henry Dircks of Blackheath, was published in London by Russell Smith " in 1865. Apparently, however, neither the place nor date of Hartlib's death is known. H. T. SHERINGHAM. Miss Robertson wrote Affinities of Foreigners' in 1850 and Lights and Shades Some on a Traveller's Path' in 1851. 37, Bedford Square, W.C. Unfortunately the Parish Register for that period has been missing for half a century. DAVID F. R. WILSON. St. Mary's, Donnybrook. 66 66 QUOTATIONS IN THE TATLER' (12 S. x. from 94).- Cum tacent, clamant" is Cicero's First Speech against Catiline, 8, 21. In the line which is apparently quoted from Bombalio Farnaby's Index Rhetoricus should be Bambalio (=Stutterer; cf. the Greek βαμβάλειν), the name given propter haesitantiam linguae stuporemque cordis" (Cicero, Phil.' iii. 6, 16) to the M. Fulvius whose daughter was the wife of Clodius and afterwards of Mark Antony. The line seems to have been constructed by a grammarian to display words of onomatopoetic origin. Pope's couplet, offered as an English equivalent in sound in later editions of The Tatler, is taken from his Imitation of the First Satire of Horace's Second Book, lines 25, 26. EDWARD BENSLY. THOMAS EDWARDS, LL.D. (12 S. ix. 511; x. 16).-Although I have been unable to give the place and the exact date of this person's birth, I find that he was brought from Parsons Green to Ellesborough, Bucks, to be interred. On the south side of Ellesborough churchyard is a large stone slab, upwards of two yards in length and about one in width, close to the south porch, which has on it the following inscription : Under this stone are deposited the Remains of Thomas Edwards Esquire of Turrick in this Parish | where he spent the last XVII years of a studious and usefull life. He was sincere and constant in the Profession and Practice of Christianity without Narrowness or Superstition, steadily attached to the cause of Liberty, I nor less an enemy to Licentiousness and Faction; in his Poetry simple, elegant, pathetic; in his Criticism exact, acute, temperate; affectionate to his Relations, | cordial to his Friends, in the general Commerce of life obliging and entertaining. He bore a tedious and painfull EWEN COAT OF ARMS (12 S. x. 94).- arise from a habit of Virtue and Piety; | and distemper with a Patience, which could only MR. C. L. EWEN may be interested to quitted this life with the decent unconcern of know that though Herne, Essex, is appa- one whose hopes are firmly fixed on a better. [ rently too small to appear even in the Post He dyd on the III of Ianuary MDCCLVII aged Office Guide,' it is mentioned in Sir Henry with the truest concern and gratitude, by his LVIII and this stone is inscribed to his memory. [ Spelman's 'Villare Anglicum,' 2nd ed., two Nephews and Heirs, | Nathanael Mason and 1678, Hern, Essex, Barnstable h[un- Ioseph Paice. | dred]," and in Stephen Whatley's land's Gazetteer,' vol. iii., 1751, "Herne, Essex, late Sir J. Tyrrel's seat, near Billericay.” The manor of Billericay had been 66 : Eng The D.N.B.' states that both his father and grandfather were barristers. Bedford. L. H. CHAMBERS. |