impressum"), but from his account of Friso's predecessors it is manifest that, when the counts used seals at all, they used King Philip's seal, of which Vredius quotes sundry instances.

Sandford further says (ibid., p. 16) that Wm., Earl of Flanders, son of Robert of Normandy, is reported to have borne this gyronny coat; but again there is no evidence, and Sandford himself says further that, as a matter of tradition, this coat was abandoned by this William when, after slaying a Moslem king of Albania, he took his arms. Perhaps the fact that this Moslem bore the black lion rampant in a gold field is in need of some support. Finally Sandford gives a figure (ibid., p. 519) of Queen Elizabeth's tomb aforesaid, where this gyronny coat is impaled in the middle shield over the head of the queen's recumbent effigy.

There thus seems to be no reason whatever for dragging in Vredius: what basis there might be for the tale about William, Earl of Flanders, does not appear; that the coat is in any sense genuine seems highly doubtful. I certainly should not have alluded to the coat at all if I had first looked up the reference to Vredius, although I knew the arms were on Queen Elizabeth's tomb. H. I. HALL.

9 Neeld Parade, Wembley Hill. "Les armes des anchiens contes de flandres

...

fut gyronné d'or et d'asur, de dyx pièces, à l'escu de gueulle parmy. From "L'Anchienne Noblesse de la....Contée de flandres,' written about 1557 by Corneille Gailliard, King of Arms of the Emperor Charles V. Published in 1866 by Jean van Malderghem (Brussels, Vanderauwera), to gether with, and under the title of, the same author's Blason des Armes.'

So far as I know, this is the first occurrence of this entirely imaginary coat of arms. "The lion of Flanders appears in 1170 on the seal of Philip, Count of Flanders, which was, indeed, for a long time considered the oldest seal showing an armorial shield.

Baugy sur Clarens.

D. L. GALBREATH.

which, though unsigned, was afterwards so incorporated in Hamilton's George Cruikshank, Artist and Humorist,' published in pamphlet form in 1878, as to leave no doubt as to the authorship of the earlier paper. On Feb. 28, 1873, Hamilton had read a paper on the Life, Works, and Genius of George Cruikshank' before the Society of Literary Twaddlers, of which he was secretary, which was probably that published a few days or weeks after, under a slightly different name (Pro and Con, passim). W. B. H.

METHOD OF REMEMBERING FIGURES (12 S. vi. 39). Stokes's mnemonical figure alphabet was very similar to others which had appeared at various times after Winckelmann's in 1684.

It was as follows: 1 was represented by t or d; 2 by n; 3 by m; 4 by r; 5 by l; 6 by j; sh or zh; 7 by k, q or g (hard); 8 by f or v; 9 by p or b; 0 by 8, or c (soft).

In a series

I possess several of his privately issued lessons as well as several books published by him between 1866 and 1877. of articles which I wrote for Pitman's Journal reference will be found in the issues of June 22, Aug. 3, 10, and 24, 1918, to various features of Stokes's system. ARTHUR BOWES.

Newton-le-Willows, Lancs.

My father, T. H. Baker, who died in 1914 has often told me of his going to the London Polytechnic to hear Mr. Stokes's lecture, I think in 1873; anyway amongst his books I have a small handbook 'Stokes Memory,' 4th edn., 1873 (published by Houlston & Sons, Paternoster Buildings) in which the whole system is explained at length. FRANCES E. BAKER.

91 Brown Street, Salisbury.

on

William Stokes wrote several small books on mnemonics. One Memory was published by Houlston & Wright, 65 Paternoster Row in 1866-67. The Pictorial Multiplication Table' is the work MAJOR PELHAM BURN has in his mind. THOS. WHITE.

Junior Reform Club, Liverpool.

and Diameters of the Planets,' and other subjects, including Miscellaneous Dates.' Other works by Mr. Stokes advertised in his Memory' volume are: The Divine Origin of Mnemonics,' The Pictorial Multiplication Table,' 'The Syllable-ized Pictorial Alphabet,'Rapid Plan of teaching Reading without Spelling,' The Historical Chronometer, with Revolving Centre and Selections of Important Facts and Dates,' The Mnemonical Globe-most Remarkable Aid in teaching Geography,' and a large number (36) of separate lectures all connected with innemonics. In the 'Memory volume Mr. Stokes says that he "was identified with the Royal Colosseum from June, 1861, till 1863." He is, however, probably best known as having for many years lectured on mnemonics at the old Regent Street Polytechnic.

F. J. HYTCH. Frankfort Lodge, Park Road, Crouch End, N.8.

THE MOORES OF MILTON PLACE, EGHAM, SURREY (12 S. v. 284; vi. 15).-I am much indebted to H. C. for correcting the mistakes in my note and also for the additional information furnished.

The arms of the family engraved on some church plate at Egham are: On a fess between three moorcocks as many mullets.

Alas for my little pedigree! A further search shows that the Adrian who died in 1655 could not have been the son of the Adrian who died in 1672, for the latter had only a daughter Grizella, aged 6 in 1632.

Nor can I fit in the Thomas, son of Adrian, who matriculated from C.C.C., Oxon, in 1674. The writer in the 'D.N.B.' is inclined to identify him with Sir Thomas Moore the playwright, who died in 1735. Apparently there was another branch of the family about who had a fancy for the name of Adrian.

On going through the diary again I find a note that indicates that they were a Dorset family and were seated there 2 Hen. VI.,

1423.

The diary bears out the correction by H. C. respecting Chilcomb, which is not FREDERIC TURNER.

mentioned after 1601.

Frome, Somerset.

'TOM JONES' (12 S. v. 268, 303, 327; vi. 23). Although the replies have now somewhat diverged from the original question, it may be worth noting that the investigations of Mr. J. J. Hammond of Salisbury and of Canon Mayo of Gillingham, Dorset, establish that John, grandfather of Henry Fielding, was successively Prebendary

Prima, Feb. 23, 1678, and of Gillingham Major, Jan. 24, 1682, and that he signed the Subscription Book on his collation to Beaminster Prima as Fielding, but on coliation to Gillingham Major as Feilding.

His son Edmund, on the one hand-who, by the way, was never possessed of means wherewith to be extravagant-always signed as Feilding, while his grandson Henry, on the other hand, invariably signed as Fielding. This is clearly shown by original photographs in my possession from deeds executed both by father and son.

J. PAUL DE CASTRO.

1 Essex Court, Temple, E.C.4.

LEWKNOR FAMILY (12 S. v. 201; vi. 44).— In The Family of Moore,' by the Countess of Drogheda (Dublin, 1906), I find :

"Walter Moore of Benenden, d. 1504 (will at Canterbury), married Alice, dau. of Edward Lewknor of Kingston Bewsis, Sussex, Esq., and Ellenor his wife, dau. of John Pagenham. In the Lewknor pedigree in Sussex Archæological Collections,' iii. 90-102, I find no marriage with any Pagenham, and the only Moore-Lewknor marriage is Joane, youngest sister of the first Edward Lewknor of Kingston-Bowey, married Thomas Moore as her first husband. Perhaps MR. WAINEWRIGHT could throw some light on these discrepancies.

Walter Moore's grandfather was Thomas, Walter's and he married Agnes Austen. eldest son was Thomas (will 1519), and the name of his wife appears to be unknown. A. M. B. IRWIN.

49 Ailesbury Road, Dublin.

A CURIOUS CHRISTIAN EPITAPH (12 S.. v. 314). The Basilla therein mentioned is probably St. Basilla of whom nothing is The fourth-century Index XVI. Cœmiknown except the fact of her martyrdom. teriorum' in the Vatican mentions "Comiterium Basillæ ad S. Hermen Via Salaria,"

while other MSS. of this Index in the

66

Biblioteca Chigiana and the Biblioteca Laurenziana have Comiterium Basille ad S. Hermetem Via Salaria Vetere." The fourth-century Depositio Martyrum' of the Philocalian Calendar has 'X. Kal. Oct. Basillæ, Salaria Vetere, Diocletiano VIIII. et Maximiano VIII. Cons.," i.e., Sept. 22, 304..

The Martyrologium Hieronymianum,’ the date of which has been fixed as not earlier than 592 or later than 600, under the date June 11 mentions the anniversary of St. Basilla at Rome on the Via Salaria. The sixth-century 'Index Oleorum' at Monza

Salaria Vetus.' The 'Itinerarium Melmesburiense of the seventh or early eighth century mentions St. Vasella as resting near the road close to the fourth gate on the Via Salaria, which used to be called the Gate of St. Silvester. See Miss Ethel Ross Barker's Rome of the Pilgrims and Martyrs' (London, 1913), pp. 98, 106, 118, 215, 338, 339. It is possible that St. Basilla was martyred June 11, 304, and her body secretly disposed of, and not formally buried in the cemetery of St. Hermes till Sept. 22 in the same year. Her relics were by S. Paschal I. transferred to the Church of Santa Prassede July 20, 818 (Marucchi, 'Basiliques et Eglises de Rome,' Paris and Rome, 1902, pp. 325-7); but they have, I believe, now disappeared.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

The author of Christian Inscriptions,' quoted at this reference, tells me that the expression Somno Eternali is to be accounted for by the fact that the Christians bought up partly prepared gravestones made by pagans which began with the conventional formulæ. One also finds "D.M.," i.e.. "Dis Manibus." With regard to Commando and innocentia, branded by me as illiterate blunders for Commendo and innocentiam, it has been pointed out to me that these were usual in late or low Latin, but all the same they are specimens of a degenerate Latinity. J. B. McGOVERN.

St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester.

'ADESTE FIDELES' (12 S. v. 292, 329; vi. 23). Your correspondent probably knows the account of this hymn in Cowan and Love's The Music of the Church Hymnary,' 1901, p. 5. If he is interested in the music, I would refer him to The Musical Antiquary, April, 1910, p. 188, which may have escaped his notice.

G. E. P. A.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED(12 S. iv. 304.) "Quand Italie sera sans poison," &c., is quoted in Southey's Commonplace Book,' 3rd Series, at pp. 4, 5, from "Leigh's Observations, p. 422," in a very slightly different form.

Presumably the reference is to Edward Leigh's Selected and Choice Observations concerning the Twelve First Cæsars,' the second edition of which, published in London in 1647, had an appendix of Certaine choice French Proverbs "; but I have

not verified it.

(12 S. vi. 68.)

1. Mr. W. Gurney Benham ('Cassell's Book of Quotations,' p. 450), attributed the lines to Mrs. R. A. M. Stevenson and adds "Given by Frank Dicksee, R.A., as a motto to his picture The Reverie,' exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1895."

Notes on Books.

What Became of the Bones of St. Thomas ? A Contribution to His Fifteenth Jubilee. By Arthur James Mason. (hambridge Cniversity Press, 88.)

CANON MASON has here brought together all the original documents forming the sources of our knowledge of the martyrdom of St. Thomas of Canterbury, and the history of his shrine. The purpose of the book is to enable the reader to draw his own conclusions as to the likelihood of the bones, which were discovered some thirty years ago in the eastern crypt of the cathedral, being those of the murdered Archbishop. Two points have to be established as a foundation for a conclusion: that the body of Becket was hidden, and not, as had been supposed, burnt; and that the present condition of the skull discovered in the crypt is compatible with the accounts of the wounds which the murderers dealt their victim.

The crown,

The skull, as is shown by the photograph Canon Mason gives us, is badly shattered, and, in particular, there is a long and wide wound' running from the left side of the crown back towards the base of the skull. however, is not broken, and this is staggering to the advocate of the identification, for, of the five men present at the scene of the murder, four declare that the crown was cut off. On the other hand the description of the head after death, and of the manner in which they were able to bandage it, and also the mention of a kind of circlet of blood round the head, make it very difficult to believe that a large portion of the crown of the skull itself was shorn away. The accounts differ considerably as to the blows dealt, their succession and effect. Is it possible that the corona cut off was the scalp? Grim's words seem to suggest it: " et summitate coronæ, quam sancti chrismatis unctio dicaverat Deo, abrasa....vulneravit in capite, eodem ictu præciso brachio hæc referentis." Summitate abrasa appears hardly to be the natural way to describe the cutting through of a skull, while the descent of the blow with so much effect upon the arm of Grim affords some presumption that it had not met with the full resistance for which it was calculated. It seems clear that St. Thomas fell on his right side. The left side of the skull, shown in the photograph, has been broken into fragments towards the base. A living head lying on the ground, injured as this has been with the brains and blood scattered about the huge wound, might well-on the left sidepresent the appearance of having the crown

severed.

The question of the preservation of St. Thomas's bones presents, we think, greater difficulties. What evidence there is is slight; and, on the whole goes in favour of the relics having been burnt. The conclusion most plain men will draw from the materials which Canon Mason has so laboriously and ably put together, is that the problem remains and will remain insoluble. That itself is by no means a conclusion to be despised; but even if it were, the value of this little work would not thereby be diminished. The sections on the Tomb and the Shrine and on the Destruction of

notices of these; and the account of the supposed discovery of the bones is enlivened by the inclusion of some excellent contemporary letters of an eye-witness of the discovery, Mrs. Bolton (Miss Agnes Holland).

Inter Lilia. By A. B. Ramsay. (Cambridge University Press, 68. 6d.)

WE think Mr. Ramsay would be well content if he could perceive in what mood his present reviewer turns from the perusal of these verses to say something about them. Says he-with an amusing frankness-in his preface: Hos versiculos....nunc propter horum temporum tenuitatem palam edendos ea spe inductus curavi nonnullos Etonenses, si non evolvant, at tamen empturos esse."

But if piety may be expected to induce an old Etonian to buy this book, and some casual impulse in a moment of leisure bring him first to open it, the charm of the verses may be trusted to arrest him forthwith and compel him to read them and return to them.

Most of them are in Latin, a few Greek examples and some score of English poems being added at the end. These last, several of which are very good, show plainly-we may say, refreshingly the effect of familiarity with classical models, and of ease in the manipulation of Latin. They show it by their firmness, their moderation in the use of visual images, and the close correspondence between thought and words; as well as by a certain witty ring in their music, which (it is perhaps hazardous to say it) is hardly to be attained by a writer of verse who has not steeped his mind in Latin poetry.

The Latin verses are chiefly on school subjects: the best and wittiest of these taking the boy's point of view. Rursus ab integro,' Poeta nascitur,'The Good Boy,' A Letter Home,' 'Sixth Form,' Nil Desperandum,' and 'The Captain's Room' are some of those we have most enjoyed.

Mayor

Aera, 'redi,' sonuere, 'redi, Ricardule, consul' for "Turn again, Whittington, Lord of London ". -a line in Nil Desperandum is perhaps the happiest of several renderings of nursery rimes. The Old Woman who Lived in a Shoe' is too much expanded to be witty, and the moral at the end too heavy and the famous Limerick of the Lady and the Tiger has hardly proved to be worth the time it cost.

The war naturally has inspired several pieces, the most original of which is Shortage of Paper' -the point thereof being :

I nunc, dic puero " Versus describe trecentos,"nil agis; in poenam nulla papyrus erit. 'Sirmio' and 'Christmas Bells' are pleasing examples, taken rather at random, of verses on more general subjects.

For the most part Mr. Ramsay has worked in classical metres, but he gives us one or two songs, and a pretty set of leonine verses.

Though reminiscences and adaptations of ancient Latin poetry inevitably abound, it is noticeable not only how the spirit, the turn of mind of Eton and the present day, vividly pervades the book, but also how good and ready a vehicle for that spirit the Latin proves itself to be. And here we have reached a secondary, but most operative, cause of the pleasure we have taken in this little

and when the world is crying out for an international language, do we not revive Latin? It is the common possession of Western Europe; its vitality is latent, not extinct; it needs but to be revived -a less invidious enterprise than the virtual imposing of some one modern language upon other nations; and, being the fount from which so great a part of modern speech has taken its rise, it offers a wealth of opportunity for the development of language, which would be more happily exploited if it were not left merely to the ingeniousness of the learned. A dead language is of no use-be it granted: but Latin is not in any sense dead, and Mr. Ramsay's lively book will, we trust, carry a fresh proof of its vitality home to many readers.

ST. PANCRAS-HEAL COLLECTION. THE collection of books, MSS., prints, drawings, water colours and cuttings relating to the Borough of St. Pancras, which was bequeathed to the borough in 1913 by the late Ambrose Heal, is now available for consultation at the St. Pancras Public Library, Chester Road, Highgate. Among the works of peculiar interest are a copy of Thomas Nabbs's Totenham-Court; a pleasant comedy,' first edition, 1639, second edition, 1709, and a copy of William Blake's Ladies Charity School at Highgate, and Silver Drops or Serious Things,' and a quaint pamphlet entitled 'The History of Mother Shipton,' with curious old wocdeuts, printed by W. Morgan, and published at Lichfield. There is Queen's, previously known as the Royal West also a complete set of play-bills relating to the ham Street Theatre, from 1760 to 1886. To this London, Regency, Royal Fitzrov, New, or Tottencollection the Council have added some of the MSS. and drawings of the late Frederick Teague Cansick, compiler of the Epitaphs of Middlesex.'

Notices to Correspondents.

We request our correspondents to note that the arrangement for sending advance copies of Replies upon payment of a shilling will be discontinued now that 'Notes and Queries ' is once more published weekly.

EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers"-at the Office, Printing House Square, London, E.C.4.

CORRIGENDA.

THE REV. JOHN STONESS. (See ante, p. 66.)—The REV. W. F. J. TIMBRELL writes: "I erroneously stated that the Rev. John Stones was vicar of Stoak and rector of Coddington. James Stones, vicar of Stoak (1756–1781), was son of John Stones the antiquary rector of Coddington (1710-1766) "

WAR AND PAPER-SUPPLY. (See ante, p. 62.)MR. J. PAUL DE CASTRO writes: "A correspondent has kindly drawn attention to my erroneous state ment that Edmund Gibson became Primate. Dr. Gibson in fact died as Bishop of London in 1748, although the Archbishopric of Canterbury had been offered to him in 1747 on the death of Potter I much regret making this mis-statement, which I

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