Abuses' (1583), says: W. JAGGARD, Capt. The holly was and is the emblem of mirth, because it was and is used to decorate the house for the Christmas festival. The custom is probably a survival of an ancient rite of nature worship, for which. see Sir James Frazer's The Golden Bough.' In the later middle-ages a favourite Christmas pastime was a contest between holly and ivy, the men of the party representing holly, the women ivy. Several Fifteenth Century carols composed for this sport, and some notes upon it, may be found in Ancient English Christmas Carols,' edited by Edith Rickert (Chatto & Windus: 1910). M. H. DOdds. Certainly songs of the holly were current long before Shakespeare's time. In the Harleian Collection of Manuscripts, 5396, is the following carol, written during the reign of Henry VI., in praise of the holly and in connection with jollity :Nay, Ivy nay, it shall not be i-wys; Let Holy hafe the maystery, as the maner ys. Holy stond in the Halle, fayre to behold; Ivy stond without the dore; she is full sore acold. Nay, Ivy nay, &c. Holy and hys mery men they dawnsyn and they syng, Ivy and her maydenys they wepyn and they wryng. Nay, Ivy nay, &c. The following references to Master William Brown, sometime master gunner at William Hart, master gunner at Holy Island, Nov. 12, 1703. John Montgomery, master gunner at Holy Island, Feb. 11, 1782. Charles Nowlin, master gunner at Holy Island, Aug. 28, 1743. William Watts, gunner at Holy Island, Feb. 9, 1673-4. A work, called 'Edward Webbe, Chief Master Gunner, His Travailes,' was published nay, &c. in 1590. It was reprinted privately in Edinburgh, in a thin 8vo., in 1885. J. W. FAWCETT. Holy hath berys as red as any rose, Swallowfield Park, Reading. May not the association of holly with mirth be explained by the fact that it was used in the Saturnalia by the pagan Romans? ('Arboretum,' vol. ii. 511. London, 1838.) Consett, co. Durham. " "NEY" TERMINAL TO SURNAMES, &c. (12 S. v. 290). This is not a regular suffix, except in a few instances, such as "Courtney,' which is believed to be the French nickname, court nez, short-nosed. In Romney, Watney, Whitney, the suffix is -ey, and means an isle or sandbank, the n representing part of a personal name, and frequently an A.S. genitive : Ruman, Watan, Hwitan. 'TOM JONES' (12 S. v. 268, 303, 327).—In the Student's Manual of English Literature,' edited by Sir Wm. Smith (published by John Murray), 22nd edit., 1897, p. 340, the following reference will be found: "Henry Fielding. He was descended from the illustrious house of Denbigh, itself an offshoot from the Counts of Hapsburg, and his father was General Fielding, a man of fashion, ruined by his extravagance.' The transposition of 'e' and 'i' in the surname is certainly not accounted for; but it is evident that it was not through lack of education that his family could not spell correctly. Is it not possible that Henry regarded the unusual ei' as a form of C. J. TOTTENHAM. illiteracy? Diocesan Church House, Liverpool. Your correspondent assumes a meaning 'ADESTE FIDELES' (12 S. v. 292, 329).—In for this syllable which is not borne out in The Evangelical Magazine for December, one of the examples he gives, viz., Stepney, 1802, is printed an English version of the old form of which name was Stebon-Adeste Fideles,' which is not amongst the heath-vide Statutes relating to this parish. W. S. B. H. twenty-seven translations noted by Julian. It is referred to as the favourite Portuguese hymn; this, together with Julian's reference to the hymn having been sung at the Portuguese Embassy, in 1797, may perhaps furnish a clue to its origin. O. KING SMITH. RIME ON DR. FELL (12 S. v. 315).-Tom Brown's well-known lines, which turn up in various forms, are a translation of Martial, Epigr., i. 32 (33) : Non amo te, Sabidi, nec possum dicere quare; Hoc tantum possum dicere, non amo te. There is no poem or passage in Catullus beginning "Non amo te Volusi," but some people have supposed that Martial in writing the above epigram may have been indebted to Catullus, lxxxv. :— Odi et amo, quare id faciam fortasse requiris. Dr. Fell is, of course, John Fell (1625-1686) who was Dean of Christ Church when Tom Brown was an undergraduate. The English lines are mentioned in the 'D.N.B.,' in the lives of John Fell and Thomas Brown (1663-1704), and quoted from the latter's Works, 1760, vol. iv., p. 100, in W. F. H. King's Classical and Foreign Quotations,' as follows: I do not love you, Dr. Fell, Andrew Amos, 'Martial and the Moderns,' p. 118, gives a French translation of the Latin, and also an extract from a speech of lines is quoted. Sheridan, as one would naturally expect, refers to "the wellknown epigram of Martial." Indeed, Martial's couplet is so well known that one would not be surprised to find an English translation or adaptation earlier than that produced by CAPT. JAGGARD. EDWARD BENSLY. [Several other correspondents also thanked for replies.] ALLEYNE OR ALLEN (12 S. v. 291).7. Reynold admitted 1715, aged 15. He was fifth son of Thomas Alleyne of the parish of St. James in the Island of Barbados, came of age on Jan. 23, 1720, when he inherited the plantation of Mount Alleyne under his father's will; married a daughter and co-heir of Lawrence Price, and left two daughters and co-heirs. In the floor of Christ Church in the said island I have seen a blue armorial slab, the inscription describing him as of Mount Alleyne, Esq., and recording his death on June 30, 1749, aged 49. 4. John, admitted 1715, aged 13. Sixth son of the above Thomas, matriculated from Queen's College, Oxford, Oct. 10, 1718, aged 16, came of age on Jan. 1, 1722, was of Rock Hill Plantation, and died in London in October, 1737. He married, firstly, a daughter and co-heir of General Henry Peers, and, - secondly, Mary, daughter of Abel Alleyne. 2. Abel, admitted 1730, aged 8. Probably -second son of Abel Alleyne of Mount Stanfast Plantation, Barbados, and of Boston, Mass., by Mary Woodbridge. He died young. with this family is to be found in 'N. & Q.', 66 [C. H. M. also thanked for reply.] PANNAG (12 S. v. 294).-The word occurs only in Ezekiel xxvii, 17. The A.V. takes it as a place-name along with Minnith, mentioned just before. The R.V.M. has “ perhaps a kind of confection." The text of Ezekiel has suffered badly in transmission, and it is possible that some other word was meant. Donag, Hebrew was, of course, written with no wax,” has been proposed. Ancient indication of short vowels, and the unpointed text has simply png. Assuming that these consonants and the Massoretic pronunciation pannag are correct, there seems much to be urged in favour of connecting the word with the Latin panicum, "panic grass -a word for "millet." The suggestion was, I believe, first made by the late Dr. Redpath in his Westminster Commentary on Ezekiel. The chapter in Ezekiel where png occurs is very interesting, as showing the prophet's knowledge of geographical details. He is speaking of the commerce of Tyre. H. F. B. COMPSTON. Bredwardine Vicarage, Hereford. The short article in Murray's Illustrated Bible Dictionary gives all that need be said about it. Its identification is purely conjectural, as the term occurs only in Ezekiel xxvii, 17. Comparison with Genesis Ixiii. 11, 6. John, admitted 1749, aged 16. Pro- suggest some spice grown in Palestine and bably fifth son of above Abel Alleyne [Henry exported to Tyre, an opinion favoured by Timothy, the sixth son, died 1808, aged 73]. LXX. kaσía. The Sanscrit pannaga denotes He married Miss Elizabeth Ferguson, and an aromatic plant. The Syriac version sugleft an only son, John, and four daughters. gests millet, Latin panicum. R.V. has a 5. John, admitted 1736, aged 11. Sir marginal note, perhaps a kind of confecJohn Gay Alleyne, born April 28, 1724, was tion," and the Targum and the book Zohar - created a Baronet in 1769. In 1798, when cited in Gesenius's Hebrew Lexicon suggests he made his will, he was residing in West- a kind of sweet pastry." Gesenius says minster. that other opinions are given in Celsius, Hierobot, ii. 73." Pannag may be a placename used to denote wheat or some other product of the place, as we name port and sherry from Oporto and Xeres. But no such place appears to be known. J. T. F. 8. William may be of above family, but I lack dates for identification. 3. Bernard does not occur in the pedigree. V. L. OLIVER. Abel and Reynold Alleyne (or Allen) were evidently members of the family of that name, first settled near Grantham, in Lincolnshire, some of whom in the midseventeenth century migrated to Barbados, where representatives of the family were living up to a short time ago. These names are of frequent recurrence in this family. An interesting article by MR. E. B. DE COLE 66 Winterton, Doncaster. Dr. Robert Young, in his exhaustive Analytical Bible Concordance, gives “sweet as English equivalent to the Hebrew. Canon Cheyne throws light on the import and misusage of the term in his summarisable observations thereon in Encyclopædia Biblica vol. 3. He declared the A.V. had taken it 66 66 66 common noun untranslated with marginal Fletcher, which he accepted, and promised note, possibly a kind of confection." While to attend as regularly as possible. He says Cornill proposed to read wax," Cheyne" that his duty to his own flock at Madeley considers vine to be the right interpre- would by no means admit accepting the tation, and, moreover, alleges the Hebrew position of Head Master." phrase is parallel to the Mishnic for date syrup. ANEURIN WILLIAMS. Menai View, North Road, Carnarvon. [Several other correspondents also thanked for replies.] After looking through Benson's life of Fletcher, the only reference I find in connection with Wales is as follows: About 1768 the Countess of Huntington erected a seminary at Trevecka in Wales for the education of pious young men. She Shrewsbury. H. T. BEDDOWS, Librarian. GEORGE SHEPHERD (12 S. v. 295, 332).— I have the pleasure of being well acquainted with a great grandson of George Shepherd, and if I may assume this is the artist to whom your correspondent refers, I may say that I have a number of his drawings, and have and sketch books, invariably signed "G. seen a great number both of his drawings Shepheard." As many of his family are alive to-day it would not become me to offer the information which should come from them, but should your correspondent so desire, no doubt I could refer him to the present holder of the name. I have a tinted pen-and-ink drawing by G. S., described "at Dickenson's, Bond Street," and dated 1791: a group around a kitchen fire, one figure marked "G. S."apparently the artist. He appears to have been a prolific worker with pencil and pen and also in water colours in the style of that period. GEORGE GILBERT. 16 Marlboro' Street, Bolton. TITLE OF BOOK WANTED (12 S. v. 267).— I think the question regards the German novelist Ernst von Wildenbruch, who has published a most lovable story about two young people from Tanagra and the origin of such small Tanagra busts and statuettes. Its title was, if I am not mistaken, 'The Girl Dancer from Tanagra.' G. LANGENFELT. Upsala, Sweden. [MRS. H. T. BARKER, MR. ARTHUR D. BROOKS and COORG STATE: STRANGE TALE OF 66 A PRINCESS (12 S. v. 264, 296).—I am very much obliged to LADY RUSSELL for giving the correct story, fuller details of which will be found in Lady Login's Recollections,' which I published in October, 1916 (Smith, Elder & Co., now merged in Mr. John Murray, Albemarle Street). My cousin, Mrs. Gardley, is still in existence, and has a son to follow her! I remember my uncle, Colonel John Campbell, well, and all the distress in the family at his disappearance, and the details of it, though only a child at the time. The India Office, which has a library and archives, could have informed any inquirer that the Princess's daughter still draws her pension! We were brought up together by my mother, and I was her chief bridesmaid at her wedding. E. DALHOUSIE LOGIN. Wissett Grange, Halesworth. CHARLES LAMB AT THE EAST INDIA HOUSE (12 S. v. 287).-Jacob Bosanquet was first appointed a director of the East India House on Aug. 22, 1782, and was still acting in that capacity on Lamb's retirement, in 1825. The other names mentioned in the Essay are fictitious. My authority for the statement is The East India Directory S. BUTTERWORTH. for 1826. Notes on Books. A Day-Book of Landor. Chosen by John Bailey (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 28. net.) FEW enthusiasts, we think, would be so wedded to the products of a single author as to wish to read a selection from him every day in the year. But a "Day-Book "offers a convenient form for ample quotations, and a spice of variety, when, as in Landor's case, the writer is distinguished alike in verse and prose. Landor, too, is somewhat outside the ordinary run of authors and not commonly thumbed by the average reader. Yet he is excellent reading, and his prediction "I shall dine late; but the dining-room will be well lighted, the guests few and select," has long since, we think, been verified among judicious tasters of English. We thank Mr. Bailey, who is well known as a critic of English poetry, for giving us the opportunity to revive our pleasure in a master of letters. He says that Landor has been very fortunate in his editors and critics. The "Golden Treasury volume is, indeed, admirable, and the Imaginary Conversations' have long since been made accessible to readers of slender purses-e.g., in the "Scott Library." But there is still no one volume edition of the poems such as we hope to see published with an account of Landor's frequent revisions. Mr. Bailey remarks that he himself made a distinction between "poetry" which "was always my amuse a man is often happier in his diversions than in his the larger share in any selection, we cannot do set task, and, if Landor's prose naturally occupies without the verse also. The Latin poems, which rank high in that form of scholarly recreation, are not likely to attract the present unclassical age, nor has the long poem of 'Gebir' a host of readers today. But the brief epigrams, reminding us of the gems of the Palatine Anthology, are surely immortal. We do not call them the work of a very nobly-gifted amateur in poetry." We call them successes of the first rank fit to be compared with the best things that professionals have done in that quatrain as there is in a longer poem, but, if it is line. There may be not so much merit in a perfect in its way, who wants a cameo to be a bust or a statue? Having made this protest, we readily assent to all Mr. Bailey's acute judgments of Landor's prose. Often it represents Landor speaking, though the voice is another's; but so noble a voice deserves an 66 easy access to the hearer's grace. The really odd contrast is that between the serenity of Landor's writing, and the abrupt violence of his behaviour, which Dickens took for his Mr. Boythorn in 'Bleak House.' If Landor's "mind was too statuesque for drama," his way of sympathies were warm, and warmly exhibited, and bursting out in actual life was very different. His his taste in authors was occasionally odd. It seems pure perversity for any poet to dislike Plato and to applaud the wisdom and genius of Cicero, who was not in the least original or impassioned, and without his model style would have sunk into deserved neglect. Landor's tribute to Shakespeare pleases us much better, but he was as Mr. Bailey happily remarks, "much more like Milton." The range of the Imaginary Conversations' is surprisingly wide, and without going deep. into the speculation which worries many a modern soul, they are full of sound lessons in art and experience of life. In remarking that "authors should never be seen by authors, and little by other people Landor is echoing the wisdom of Johnson. We are reminded, as we look through the little book, of many sayings that are not new to the world of letters; but Landor had no need to wish those away who anticipated or followed him in a particular thought. In his life he avoided all competitions; he need not have done so, for his style of writing-clear, monumental, dignified-satisfies the most rigorous judges, and he can say more in a sentence than most critics. Witness the remark he gives to Porson about Spenser. "There is scarcely a poet of the same eminence, whom I have found so delightful to read in, or so tedious to read through." The edition we notice has a paper cover: that in cloth would, we think, be preferable. Ireland in Fiction. By Stephen J. Brown, S.J. (Maunsel & Co., Ltd., 10s. 6d. net.) WHEN the first edition of Ireland in Fiction ' was destroyed by fire in 1916, those fortunate possessors of the few copies which survived the catastrophe were able to forge ahead in their studies of Irish life as seen through the coloured glasses of a novelist's spectacles. Those students, however, who were less lucky, have now in their hands a second edition of this useful compilation, in which much new material has been incor |