authors of Spain, and, indeed, of the world; and his comedies and plays, of which the number was almost without limit, were performed in France, in Italy-at Rome and Constantinople. No man ever lived who exercised, for so long a period, an influence, apparently illimitable; and ever afterward, whatever was most distinguished in Spain for excellence in letters, art or nature, was, and is now, characterized, in compliment to him, "a Lope." Of the plays which he wrote, but a fourth part were published, which appear in twenty-eight volumes: His friend, Montalvan, fixed the whole number at eighteen hundred plays and four hundred autos, and the rapidity with which they flew from under his pen was so wonderful, that, he tells us, of one of them, it was written and acted in five days; and, Montalvan adds, that, in fifteen days, five full length dramas were written by him in Toledo, and the first act of another, without an apparent effort! With all his prodigious successes in the various fields of literature, and the immense suis realized thereby, his habits of extravagance and expense were of so boundless a nature that he was always poor, and died, at last, leaving a penniless daughter. No higher tribute could have been paid to this literary colossus, than that of Cervantes, who spoke of him as "that great prodigy of nature, Lope de Vega, who has raised himself to the monarchy of the theater, subjected it to his control, and placed its actors under his jurisdiction; filled the world with his plays, and, if any persons have desired to enter into competition and share the glory of his labors, all they have done, when put together, would not equal the half of what has been done by him alone!"

The next name in Spanish dramatic literature, is that of PEDRO CALDERON, the successor and rival of De Vega, and the head of a dramatic school. For half a century he continued to wield an extensive empire over the hearts of his countrymen; and the whole length of his reign, and that of his distinguished competitor for the glory of the Spanish stage, reached an extent of ninety years! A catalogue of his dramatic works, in his own hand, shows one hundred and eighty-one full length dramas and sacramental autos, a part of which only have been found.

The PROBVERBS of Spain, to which Sancho Panza gave so much celebrity, and which Don Quixote entitles "short sentences drawn from long experience," have grown to a degree of luxuriance which no other language has equalled. The first collection of them was made by the Marquis of Santillana, in 1508; and, forty years afterward, Valles published an alphabetical series of 4,300 of them. Another collection, by Hernan Nunez, reached 6,000. There have been various other collections, the one by Val de Penas, being illustrated by the correspond

ing Latin adages-and that of Juan de Yriarte, published about 1750, embraces 24,000 of these didactic fragments!

The close of the seventeenth century saw Spain exhausted, by the long-continued wars which had been waged; by the banishment of more than half a million of her inhabitants, who, being descendants of Moors, though conforming outwardly to Christianity, were yet believed by the bigoted monarch to be infidels at heart; by the corruptions which followed the introduction of American gold; by the fearful workings of the Inquisition, and the general servility and blind loyalty of all classes, to a race of weak and imbecile monarchs, closing with Charles II, but descending, in a direct line, from all that was high and noble in the great house of Austria. With the decay of the national spirit, industry and manners, in equal footsteps, the national literature may be said to have decayed and died.

Our paper has grown too rapidly upon us to admit of more than a passing notice of the third and last period of Spanish history, embraced in the volumes of Mr. Ticknor, and ending with the restoration to the throne of Ferdinand the Seventh, through British intervention, which event occurred in 1813. There is so little to cheer us in all this period, or to excite our admiration, as in the ages that have gone by and over which we have hung, for many an hour, in breathless interest and delight, that we are less disposed to regret the omission. Has the glory of Spain, indeed, departed forever? We quote from the concluding pages of the history before us:

"But, whether a great advancement may soon be hoped for or not, one thing is certain. The law of progress is on Spain, for good or for evil, as it is on the other nations of the earth; and her destiny, like theirs, is in the hand of God, and will be fulfilled. The material resources of her soil and position are as great as those of any people that now occupies its meted portion of the globe. The mass of her inhabitants, and especially of her peasantry, has been less changed, and, in many respects, less corrupted, by the revolutions of the last century, than any other nation that has pressed her borders, or contended with her power. They are the same race of men who twice drove back the crescent from the shores of Europe, and twice saved, from shipwreck, the great cause of Christian civilization. They have shown the same spirit, at Saragossa, that they showed, two thousand years before, at Saguntum. They are not a ruined people. And, while they preserve the sense of honor, the sincerity and the contempt for what is sordid and base, that have so long distinguished their national character, they cannot be ruined.

Nor, I trust, will such a people-still proud and faithful in its less favored masses, if not in those portions whose names dimly shadow forth the glory they have inherited-fail to create a literature appropriate to a character, in itself, so poetical. The old ballads will not,

STATES.

indeed, return, for the feelings that produced them are with by-gone things. The old drama will not be revived; society, even in Spain, would not now endure its excesses. The old chroniclers themselves,

if they should come back, would find no miracles of valor or superstition to record, and no credulity fond enough to believe them. Their poets will not again be monks and soldiers, as they were in the days when the influences of the old religious wars and hatreds gave both their brightest and darkest colors to the elements of social life; for the civilization that struck its roots into that soil, has died out for want of nourishment. But the Spanish people-that old Castilian race, that came from the mountains and filled the whole land with their spirithave, I trust, a future before them, not unworthy of their ancient fortunes and fame; a future full of materials for a generous history, and a poetry still more generous; happy, if they have been taught, by the experience of the past, that, while reverence for whatever is noble and worthy is of the essence of poetical inspiration, and, while religious faith and feeling constitute its true and sure foundations, there is yet a loyalty to mere rank and place, which degrades alike its possessor and him it would honor, and a blind submission to priestly authority, which narrows and debases the nobler faculties of the soul more than any other, because it sends its poison deeper. But, if they have failed to learn this solemn lesson, inscribed everywhere, as by the hand of Heaven, on the crumbling walls of their ancient institutions, then is their honorable history, both in civilization and letters, closed forever."

ART. X.-POPULATION.-Part 8.

ANALYSIS OF THE CENSUS OF 1830 OF THE U. STATES. THE census of 1830 was far more minute than any of the preceding. It changed the time of enumeration to the first of June, thus cutting off two months from the decennial period. The number of divisions, of every class of population, is also greatly enlarged. Blanks for idiots, deaf, dumb and blind, are added.

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, JUNE 1, 1830.

Fifteen and under twenty.