steamer Enterprise had arrived, having on board Captain Durand, appointed to succeed Major Broadfoot as commissioner of these provinces. Such an event as a change in the commissionership had been thought by some not improbable, as it could hardly be believed that the Bengal Government would remain entirely unmoved by the constant complaints, memorials, and petitions of those who had felt themselves aggrieved by the acts of Major Broadfoot. The Government could not have been otherwise than convinced, from the well-substantiated accounts of the mismanagement of affairs, which were so frequently being brought to their notice, and to which they were constrained to devote so much time and attention, that a great error had been committed when the civil administration of Tenasserim was intrusted to the guidance of hands which could better wield a sword in defence of his country than hold the reins of civil government,that the investment of Major Broadfoot with a civil robe was done without a due consideration of his ability to wear it becomingly, and that whatever might have been his merits as a subordinate military commander, and whatever laurels, as such, he might have won, he was not prepared to exhibit, when clothed with civil authority, those qualifications which adorn the civilian, and secure to him that confidence and respect which the station to which he had been appointed demanded. We sincerely hope our late commissioner will be more fortunate in his new appointment, which, we have heard, is purely a political agency, in affording such proofs of his prudence and discretion, as will justify the hopes of his employers, and that he will not, on the contrary, confirm the fears which his measures here have been too well calculated to excite.

Among the military at this station, who could not in any way be affected by the measures of the late civil administration, and from the nature of their position could feel no great interest in them, our late commissioner has had his admirers. His military reputation could not fail to have an influence on the minds of men of the same profession, leading them to regard with favour and approbation his public proceedings in a widely different sphere of action.

We wish we could say the same of the people of Maulmain generally. But we cannot. They heard the news of the arrival of a new commissioner with the highest demonstrations of delight, and we learn that the native merchants generally throughout the town congratulated each other wherever they went during the evening of Friday, on the presumed happy change that had taken place. How far the change may be favourable for their interests and that of the people generally-how far the character of the new local administration will tend to induce immigration and thus increase more rapidly the population of the provinces (by which alone any calculation on wealth and prosperity can be made)-is a question which future experience only must solve.-Maulmain Chron., Sept. 18.

CEYLON.

The unwelcome truth must now be admitted that over a considerable portion of the southern province where the experiment has been made, coffee-planting has proved a signal failure. It was at one time supposed that the great humidity of that part of the island would be most favourable to coffee, and as the soil was good, several estates were opened on a large scale; but it would appear that the temperature is too equable, or rather, does not descend sufficiently low at any time to invigorate the plant, so that although it at first grows with considerable luxuriance, it soon becomes delicate, and falls a prey to an insect which penetrates the stem and destroys the vitality of the plant, as may be seen in other parts of the maritime provinces. These undertakings have been abandoned, but if communication were opened by means of roads with the zone of high land which extends round the southern extremity of the island, and at no very great distance from the sea, there cannot be a doubt but as fine coffee-land would be available as any in the colony. The elevation necessary for a sufficient fall of temperature would thus be insured, with the advantage of proximity to the several shipping ports along that line of coast.

Some of the localities which proved unfavourable to coffee in the southern province have, however, been found well adapted for sugar, and there can be no doubt but, with more experience in the soil, elevation, and climate congenial to the growth of cane, many eligible tracts of land may be selected for it in that part of the island. The extensive alluvial flats on the banks of the Gindurah river, near Galle, and which are at present cultivated only with rice by the natives, appear to offer as great advantages for this purpose as any part we know. There are already two planters located there, one near Baddegam, the other a few miles further down the river, and both appear to be succeeding admirably.― Colombo Obs., Sept. 9.

Some parties are speculating largely in sugar cultivation, especially in the southern and south-west parts of the island, and although some estates have suffered lately from heavy floods, report speaks favourably of the general appearance; it remains to be proved how they will answer. There has been a scarcity of this useful article in the Kandy market of late, and it has in consequence been very dear, and of a most inferior quality; but we are glad to find that manufacturing in the neighbourhood is again going on, so that this state of things may be considered as at an end. We are much interested in the result of these ventures, as we yet hope that sugar may become a staple article of export. Some estates have been abandoned, but their failure appears to be attributed to mistakes in the selection of land or accidental mismanagement.-Ceylon Herald, Sept. 24.

It is the intention of Government, as soon as the present leases expire, to abolish the foot-tolls now established in the districts traversed by the Malabar immigrant coolies. The Chamber of Commerce are to make an effort to raise a subscription to buy up the ferries from Government.-Herald, Oct. 4.

In the latter end of August last, four officers-Lieut. Hill and the Hon. Mr. Foley, of the Cambrian, and Lieuts. Vansittart and Phayre, of the Serpent-were elephant-shooting near the river Cotiar, in Ceylon. In wading a shallow, Mr. Vansittart came suddenly on an alligator, and fired one barrel into his shoulder, at a distance of not more than three yards; the brute, turning round, received the contents of another down his throat. Thinking him disabled, Mr. Vansittart crept up behind him to thrust a couteau de chasse into the soft part of his throat, but before he could effect his purpose, his antagonist had turned round and made at him. With considerable presence of mind the sportsman saved himself by thrusting his gun down the animal's throat, and despatched him with his knife. On removing the gun, one barrel was found to be completely bitten through, and the other to present several deep indentations. The alligator was eight feet long.—Bombay Times,

CHINA.

(From the Chinese Repository for Sept., 1844.) SUMMARY OF THE TREATY OF WANGHIA. Signed July 3rd, 1844, between their Excellencies Hon. C. CUSHING and KEYING, commissioners respectively on the part of the United States of America and China.

Note. This treaty was ratified by the Emperor of China in August, and the ratification notified by H. E. Keying to Commodore Parker, September 14th. It was soon after published by the Chinese authorities, and its provisions go into effect without any further delay. This summary is taken from Keying's memorial to the Emperor, which contains the entire treaty.

ART. 1st. This provides for a perfect, permanent, and universal peace between the two nations.

2nd. This provides that all duties on imports and exports shall be fixed and settled in a tariff, which is made a part of the treaty; and that these duties shall never exceed those required of any other nation whatever. All fees are abolished. It secures, also, to the United States, any and all privileges and advantages that may at any time hereafter be conceded by the Chinese to any other government or nation.

3rd. Secures free access to the five ports, Canton, Amoy, Fuchau, Ningpo, and Shanghái, for all citizens of the U. S. with their families and vessels.

4th. Provides for the appointment and recognition of consuls and other officers, at all these ports, for their official intercourse and personal correspondence, on terms of equality, and for redress in case of insult or injury.

5th. By this the citizens of the United States are permitted to import from their own or any other country, and to purchase and export to their own or any other country, all manner of merchandise not prohibited by this treaty, paying only the duties specified in the tariff.

6th. By this article, the tonnage duties are fixed at five mace per ton on vessels over 150 tons, and one mace only per ton on vessels under 150 tons. Measurement, duties, &c., are abolished. It provides, also, that a vessel having occasion to go to a second port to clear off her cargo, shall not in that case pay tonnage duty a second time.

7th. This exempts from tonnage-duty all small craft, carrying only passengers, letters, provisions, &c., not dutyable.

8th. By this it is made lawful to hire passage and cargo-boats, and to take into service pilots, compradors, linguists, writers, and all manner of labourers, seamen, &c.

9th. Provides that the Chinese may appoint custom-house officers to guard vessels in port, which officers may live on

board or in boats alongside, but are to receive no fees or provision from the ships.

10th. This makes it incumbent on the parties concerned to report, within forty-eight hours after coming to anchor, in either of the five ports, the name of the ship, &c., and imposes penalties for a neglect of the same. Due reports being made, cargo may be discharged in whole or in part. Or, if it be desired, the vessel may, within forty-eight hours, but not later, leave the port without paying tonnage-duty, provided she has not broken bulk. After forty-eight hours, tonnage-duties shall be held due.

11th. Provides for the examination, discharge, and lading of goods, and for the settlement of any disputes regarding the same. 12th. By this, sets of standard balances, and also weights and measures, according to the standard of the custom-house at Canton, are to be provided at all the ports.

13th. Provides that tonnage-dues be paid on admission to entry, import-duties on the discharge, and export duties on the landing of goods, and either in sycee or foreign money. Transit duties on foreign merchandise shall not exceed those at present established, wherever such merchandise may pass into the interior.

14th. This article regulates for the transhipment of goods from one vessel to another, while in port.

15th. This provides for free commerce with all subjects of China at the five ports, and disallows all monopolies and injurious restrictions.

16th. By this article all responsibility for the debts of merchants is denied by both governments, while each engages to use all proper means to obtain payment of debts, and redress for frauds, &c.

17th. By this article, houses and places of residence and of business, also churches, hospitals, and cemeteries, and sites for building the same, are secured to citizens of the United States. At the several ports, and in their immediate vicinity, all citizens are allowed to pass and repass; but they are not permitted to go among the villages in the country.

18th. By this article it is made lawful for citizens of the United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China, to teach any of the languages of the empire, and to purchase all manner of books.

19th. This provides that the citizens of the United States shall receive and enjoy, for themselves and all appertaining to them, the special protection of the government, whose officers are to defend them from all insult and injury on the part of the Chinese.

20th. This provides for the re-exportation of merchandise, which can be done only to the other open ports, and this without any additional duties.

21st. Criminals, of whatever nature or degree, shall be prosecuted and punished by their own governments respectively. 22nd. This provides for the neutrality of the United States' flag in case of war between China and any other country.

23nd. This requires the consuls, at each of the five ports, to make out annual reports of the trade, for transmission to the Board of Revenue at Peking.

24th. Communications to the Chinese, from citizens of the United States, shall be made through the consuls, And so those from the Chinese, for the consuls, shall pass through the hands and have the approbation of the local authorities.

25th. All questions between citizens of the United States, or between them and subjects of other states, shall be settled without reference to the Chinese, or any interference on their part.

26th. Merchant vessels and their crews, in the five ports, 'shall be under the jurisdiction of the officers of the United States; and the Chinese government will not hold itself bound to make reparation for any injury done to the same or to any citizens of the United States by any foreign power. But the Chinese government will do all it can to protect from robbers and pirates, to seize and punish all offenders of this sort, and to recover and restore plundered property.

27th. This provides for cases of shipwreck, and requires that all persons and property shall have every possible protection, ships refitted, property restored, &c.

28th. No embargo shall be laid on the citizens or vessels of the United States, under any pretence whatever.

29th. Deserters from on board American ships shall be arrested by the Chinese and delivered over to the consuls or other officers. And any Chinese criminals who may take refuge on board ship, or in the houses of citizens of the United States, shall be delivered up on due requisition being made by Chinese officers.

30th. This prescribes and defines the terms of correspond ́ence, which are in all respects those of equality and recipro

city. No presents shall ever be demanded of one government by the other.

31st. Communications from the government of the United States are to pass to the court of China by the imperial commissioner charged with the superintendence of foreign affairs, or through the governors-general of Liáng-Kiáng and LiángKwáng, &c.

32nd. Ships of war are to be hospitably received at any of the ports of China, and all facilities afforded for the purchase of provisions, making of repairs, &c.

33rd. Those who attempt to trade clandestinely at the ports not opened, or to introduce opium, or any other contraband article into China, shall be left unprotected to the action of the Chinese government.

34th. This provides for modifications of the treaty after a period of twelve years, and that no individual state of the Union shall send ministers plenipotentiary to China.

THE ENGLISH IN CHINA.-Under the vigorous yet paternal sway of our respected Lieutenant governor, a new era has dawned upon this colony. In every direction we see the long talked of plans of public improvement progressing at a satisfactory pace. The Queen's road has already assumed a respectable appearance -drains are being formed, streets laid out, and barracks for the sepoy troops, as well as officers' quarters erected. The new China bazaar is also building up fast; the old one which disfigured the town is entirely swept away, and more respectable houses will soon occupy its site. In the police department, we hear there is to be an addition to the night watch lately formed. It is proposed to extend their boundaries, from the west end of the lower bazaar to the Albany Godowns. We notice also with much satisfaction the European police driving away the idle blackguards who are usually to be found in all parts of the town, with stalls of fruit, and dice for gambling. The summary justice of a Penang lawyer is the proper way to deal with these gentry and the numerous vagrants who have been permitted to locate themselves in the vicinity of the town. The Supreme Courtafter a most unseemly delay-opens on the first of next month for the trial of prisoners; after the criminal business is closed civil suits will have a hearing. In the meantime his honour the chief justice has assumed the functions of office, and attends to such applications as are usually made to a judge at chambers. We are sincerely rejoiced to see our rulers fairly awake to the necessity of public improvement. Much requires to be done to ameliorate the climate, and render the place fit for the residence of the "Merchant Princess" of China as well as the members of Government and the other European, civil and military, who sojourn on the island. We trust that the Government will not tire of their own good works and take to napping again--if they do, we must beat gongs, bamboos, and rattles to arouse them, even if we incur the penalties provided for the offence by Legislative wisdom, No. 18 of 1844. We do not suppose that the Lieutenant-governor places any undue value upon popularity; but we doubt not it must be gratifying for him to know that his countrymen in China appreciate his character, and are not blind to his merits, both as a commander feeling a paternal solicitude for the troops under his charge, and as a governor taking a lively interest in the welfare of the colony he governs.-Friend of China, Sept. 25.

JURY TRIAL IN CHINA.-The first case brought before an English jury in China was one of abduction. The prisoners, husband and wife, through false pretences induced two young women to enter their boat. After they embarked, they were bound and carried up the Canton river, where they were sold for 90 dollars each. Their friends in Hong-Kong hearing where they were, went to Canton, and paid dealers 220 for their sansom. After their return the prisoners also came back, when they were given in charge of the police. The evidence was perfectly clear-sentence eighteen months inprisonment, the mate prisoner to be kept at hard labour, and exposed in the marketplace once a month.-Hong-Kong Register, Oct. 8.

The following is another interesting translation, for which we are indebted to a contributor in Canton, who appears to have studied the language to some purpose :

Keying, Imperial Commissioner and Viceroy of the two Kwang Provinces, &c., and Ching, Lieutenaut-governor of Canton, hereby issue their clear commands:

Whereas, a native of Tsing-yuen district, named Seu-amwan, was shot dead by an American as is on record; and whereas we transmitted our commands to the American consul Fuh-size, to institute strict investigation, and deliver up the murderer to us, to be dealt with according to the laws; the said consul, it appears, has now represented that he has clearly examined into the case of the murder of Seu-amwan by a man nained Tan-yely, and

that he has delivered him over to the American envoy, to be adjudged by him according to the laws of his native country.

And whereas, in the supplementary treaty concluded with England last year, it was provided, that when altercations arise between natives of China and subjects of that country, the former are to be judged by our officers according to our laws, and the latter by the English consul, according to the laws of that country. And whereas by the treaty of commerce entered into in the present year with various countries, amongst whom is America, the same is expressly provided for; when quarrels or altercations arise between Chinese and Americans, we have memo- rialized the throne, and have now received the imperial command in reply respecting the case of Seu-amwan, to the effect that, as the American consul has clearly ascertained, that Tan-yeli shot Seu-amwan, it is agreeably to the treaty that he be delivered over to be dealt with according to the laws of his native country. Wherefore, besides giving our commands for the information and respectful obedience (of the consul), we now issue this clear proclamation, that all you, soldiers and people, may fully understand. Do not seek after private revenge, and thereby give cause of dispute. Let none oppose this special proclamation. Issued, Taoukwang, 24th year, 8th month, 11th day, September 22nd, 1844.-Friend of China, Oct. 2.

We have before us a most melancholy account of the deplorable state of affairs in Macao. The government are literally bankrupt. Not a stiver to pay the few miserable half starved troops who have the equivocal honour of wearing the uniform of Portugal. We hear that since April the exchequer has been emptythe troops threaten that they will stand it no longer, and a riot is far from improbable. The custom-house people are exceedingly industrious in their attempts to pick up odds and ends from the luggage of strangers-cigars, beer, brandy, or lemonade are all acceptable-even a few ounces of sugar is not beneath their notice. They made rather a serious mistake lately, in seizing a box of treasure, which is an article free of duty. Before the owner could get it out of their clutches four large pieces of Sycee were abstracted. What excuse the O Procurador will be able to make for this, we know not, or what he will term it we know not. In plain English it is theft; but they may view these little delinquences in Macao through different optics to those of a plain John Bull. We don't know how the procurator relished our chapter of the history of the Portuguese in the East-whether he digested it, or whether he choked in attempting to swallow it. We have really been too busy of late to give him the second chapter, but it is all cut and dry, and if nothing comes in the way, perhaps we will lay it before him on Saturday.Ibid.

Extract of a letter from our private correspondent, dated Hong-Kong, August 17, 1844.

SIR,-The news accumulated during the short time elapsed since the despatch of my last comprise but few points of general interest for your readers in England; but it will be interesting to all to learn that the colony continues to prosper in every respect, but more especially in the important point of health. Compared with this time last year we have literally no sickness; nor am I aware of a single disease in addition to those in my last, with the exception of Mr. Scales, who had but lately arrived in the colony to fill the appointment of postmaster. So great is the difference between this and previous hot seasons, that the older residents are quite in high spirits, and we have every reason to` believe that Hong-Kong will ere long redeem her character, and no longer hold such a disadvantageous position on the books of the Life Assurance Companies.

Considerable improvements are taking place in the department of public works; roads and sewers are beginning to assume the appearance of permanent constructions rather than of temporary contrivances; and under the present able government we sanguinely anticipate the yet more rapid progress of our already thriving colony. Every ship that arrives brings a full compliment of passengers from England; so much so, that there is difficulty in finding house-room for all the new arrivals, while rents continue at exorbitant rates; and the fortunate speculators who have built their houses in good times are realizing unheard, of profits.

Extract from another letter from the same correspondent, dated Oct. 10th.

I am happy to be able to report, for the satisfaction of your readers and our friends at home, the continued prosperity of our colony in every respect,-the hot and rainy season, which is considered the only unhealthy period of the year, has nearly passed, and still the statistics of sickness present most encouraging results. Building is proceeding vigorously; indeed there is every reason to believe that the addition to the town during the coming winter, will even surpass the wonderfully rapid progress

of the last two years. The rapidity with which English enterprise and capital have succeeded in running up a really respectable town in this barren and rocky shore, must appear perfectly wonderful to any person who reflects that no more than two short years have sufficed for the erection of so many substantial structures. Two years ago there was nothing to be seen on the shores of Hong-Kong but mat sheds and tents, both equally ineligible residences for the rainy season, and fruitful sources of the sickness that then so much prevailed.

I understand you have a panorama of the island in London, and though greatly flattered to think that our doings should receive a share of attention from the sight seers at home, I cannot but regret that it is impossible the representation, however accurate, should give any idea of the present aspect of the place, if the enterprising exhibitor had a correspondent here solely employed in remitting faithful daguerreotypes of every improvement, I fear it would require all the ingenious contrivances of the "dissolving views" to keep pace with the exploits of English speculators and Chinese builders,-by no means the most unlikely change that could take place would be the removal of the whole or the greater part of the European residents to an entirely new site. It unfortunately happens that the present town is located on an almost impracticable hill side, covered with rocks and ravines, forming almost insurmountable obstacles to the construction of decent roads, to say nothing of sewers and drains, what may have led to the selection of such a site, to the exclusion of several eligible and more level portions of the island, I cannot imagine, excepting the one circumstance of convenient access to the harbour; and I do not despair of seeing many of the better class of residents removed to a more desirable locality.

The Agincourt is at Chusan with his Exc. the governor, who is expected to return here about the 15th Oct. The government is in the meantime administered by Major-General D'Aguilar, lieutenant governor. The Castor is also at Chusan. At the other consular ports no vessels of war are stationed. Accounts from the northern parts are any thing but satisfactory; trade is at a stand-still, and large quantities of woollen goods in particular remain in the hands of importers as unsaleable. At Amoy sickness has been encountered to such an extent that the only official in the consular department at present remaining there is Capt. Gribble, the acting consul, the vice consul and assistants having left on sick leave, the European troops are already withdrawn, and the place is to be restored to the Chinese authorities in December next. It appears, by all accounts, to be the policy of the Chinese government to evade the treaty and obstruct the working of the newly-constructed arrangements, and eventually to drive the whole of the trade into its ancient channel, namely, Canton river, the latter being of all the ports the one least suited for our trade, on account of the longcherished prejudices of the district, that has for so many centuries formed the avenue of communication with the "outside barbarians" for the whole of the Chinese empire; at the same time that it is from that very circumstance most congenial to the narrow prejudice and unchanging non-progressive policy of the celestial empire to reinstate Canton, if possible, in her longenjoyed monopoly. 53,000,000 lbs. of tea have been exported from Canton since July 1843, a portion of which came from districts even more adjacent to some of the northern ports than to Canton, and yet to the northward the only trade that appears to succeed is the smuggling of opium for silver as heretofore; so difficult is it to introduce change of any description from what they call their good "old customs" in our intercourse with this singular people.

At Chusan the residents and troops are remarkably healthy. The greatest regret is expressed at the approach of the period when the full payment of the indemnity will oblige us to relinquish to the Chinese this beautiful and delightful island. Rumours are even circulated as to the possibility of the French finding it EXPEDIENT to assume possession of the place, on our evacuating it,-a surmise in no small degree supported by the amount of naval force they now possess in these seas, which nearly equals our own.

ADEN.

Aden, 1st Nov. 1844.-Nothing of any moment has occurred since the September mail. The Emam, on his return to Sana, found his uncle had fled into the desert, with a mere handful of adherents, so his highness contented himself with cutting off a few heads, after which salutary hint, things appear to have reverted to their former state. His highness is not so easily satisfied, as he has again hoisted the standard of the Prophet, and has left Sana, and encamped two marches to the eastward, Where

ONG NOW I'ƒ

he is assisted by some score of renegades, employed in trying to organize his troops. A powerful tribe on the plains, named the Olzies, have joined him, with 8,000 very good and well-armed men; with these he threatens the other tribes who refuse to join him. From all appearances, they will be found to do so, as they have no means of offering any thing like a continued or creditable resistance against such a disparity of numbers. His highness has also sent agents to collect large magazines of grain, and other munitions of war, at a strong walled town, named Khotalia, distant about fifty miles, in a direct course, from Aden. All accounts agree that Aden is his object, and with such a force as he can bring with him, when joined by the other tribes, he will give us great trouble and annoyance, and some hard fighting may be expected. No, though they lack discipline they have no want of courage, and their increased numbers will give them a confidence which, perhaps, they did not formerly possess. Our works must either be quickly put in a tenable state, or the European troops must be increased: perhaps both will ere long be found indispensable. The supplies being stopped would occasion the very greatest inconvenience to Aden. A population now approaching, if not exceeding 25,000, who chiefly draw their supplies from the interior, would be almost driven out of the place were the roads to be closed for six months. The only way of meeting the emergency, should H. H. approach within a march or two of our gate, is to meet him in the plain and teach him that numbers cannot always succeed against even a few well-disciplined troops. A most malicious and atrocious murder was committed here a few days ago by an Arab, an inhabitant killing one Arab woman by plunging a knife into her breast, of which she instantly died. At an inquest held by John P. Malcolmson, the civil surgeon, and an Arab jury, a verdict of wilful murder was recorded; the murderer, after having killed the unfortunate woman, tried to commit suicide by jumping into a well sixty feet deep, from which he was taken alive after much difficulty, he still retaining the murderous weapon in his possession. He has since been tried for murder by Capt. Haines, the political agent, and condemned to be hanged. This must, however, wait for the sanction of the supreme government, under whose warrant the sentence will be carried into execution. The murderer confessed to the charge, and said he did so deliberately on account of her having defrauded him of two dollars and a half. He is now confined in irons in the Aden convict jail, waiting a reference to India.

"I regret to say that Capt. Lockhart, senior capt. in H.M.'s 17th regt. of foot, lies in a dangerous state; it was the intention of the medical officers to have sent him to Bombay in the steamer, but he is too ill, I hear, to be moved."

AFFGHANISTAN.

26th Sept.-The Kuzzulbashees having received, a day or two ago, a letter from Persia inviting them to return to their native land, had resolved to accept of the call, and were preparing, accordingly, to leave Affghanistan. Apprized of these preparations, Dost Mahomed immediately assembled the chiefs of this tribe in Jaffer Khan's residence, and there, with gentle speaking, when he alluded to the acts of kindness and lenity which, he said, he had performed towards them, endeavoured to dissuade them from their purpose; but the spokesman of the Kuzzelbashees, a certain Khan Sheerun Khan, plainly denied the part of his assertions which referred to kindness and leniency, and declared that ever since his accession to the throne, their days had been one uninterrupted period of misery and labour, in all the bitterness and hardships of which their wives and children had equally shared with them; that they had been straitened, not only for corporal, but even the animal wants of nature to a very distressing extremity; and that, under such hardships, they could not possibly continue to abide in Affghanistan. The Dost, who is anything but anxious for the departure of the Kuzzulbashees from Caubul, proposed, in consequence of this resolution, a new treaty, which should ensure milder treatment and a more liberal enjoyment of creature comforts to the dissatisfied chiefs and their families, which, being approved, was immediately concluded.

27th and 29th September.-While engaged in the business of the durbar this morning, Dost Mahomed received a letter from Meer Aukram Khan, from which it appeared that two nights after his defeat, Meer Woollee, having gathered fresh troops, had covertly re-entered Kooloom, and attacked the camp at midnight; but as the men of Meer Aukram were prepared against any such event, they, without great surprise, met the assailants, whom, after a short and sharp conflict, they com. pletely routed and put to flight; Meer Sufdar Khan, who has

lately been appointed a governor, following the fugitives in pursuit. Meer Aukram Khan, in this his communication, asked also of his father to furnish him with troops, that, provided with them, he may set out for Bokhara.-Bengal Hurkaru.

GOA.

Letters from Goa describe the opening of the Courts-Martial for the trial of the officers of the various regiments and other corps of the army, who are accused of cheating the Government and their soldiers by false returns and exorbitant prices. Te discovery of this infamous system of peculation has spread dismay amongst the families and the connections of the accused; every means are used to stifle the publication of the charges, to bribe false witnesses, to produce forged documents, and to procure the exculpation of the prisoners; the new Governor Pestana is beset with intrigues, but, much to his honour, he still perseveres in demanding that their trial shall be publicly and fairly conducted. The question is, therefore, one of the great interest to all the Portuguese in the East, for it is a practice of old standing in Goa, to bribe, and cheat, and defraud the Government by all sorts of contrivances. The families who have obtained wealth by this practice are as anxious as the officers now before the courts martial, to smother the matters and to prevent their trial, and procure their acquittal. By an order from the Portuguese Governor-general, Senhor Pestana, one of the pilots at Aguada has been suspended from his functions for having neglected on the 26th of Oct. to go on board the steamer Seaforth, when she came on that night off the bar. It appears that the captain of the steamer threw up rockets, burned lights, and even fired several guns, but the pilot did not attend. This negligence was of ordinarry occurrence at the bar of Aguada; and having at length come to the notice of Senhor Pestana, he ordered the suspension of the Pilot. It is much to be desired that Senhor Pestana may be fully supported by his Government in those reforms, for every one acquainted with the state of Goa, and the proceedings there, is convinced of their utility.-Bombay Gentleman's Gazette, November, 26.

THE great object of attention in the political world seems at present to be Lord Ellenborough. Two publications, professedly devoted to the examination of his policy, have appeared almost simultaneously, and, like ships in a fog, have rushed, without the consciousness of their steersmen, into violent collision. It will be understood that we speak of the anonymous pamphlet entitled "India and Lord Ellenborough," and the first part of General Napier's History of the "Conquest of Scinde." What degree of damage the parties in this "running-down case will sustain, and which will be the greater sufferer, are questions which time only can effectually answer. In the meanwhile, the periodical press is active in advancing the circulation of the conflicting statements and opinions of the two writers, each of whom, we may observe, takes up the subject as though his heart were in it.

But whatever may be the fate of the combatants, it seems scarcely probable that the object of their disputation should escape harmless. We are not disposed to deal severely with those statesmen who have extended the British power and Government over a large portion of Asia. We are not inclined to accuse them universally of having been actuated by an aggressive or ambitious spirit. We know that in many instances-perhaps in a majority of instances-there was no choice but between conquest and retreat; but the circumstances attending the annexation of Sinde to the British dominions are so unusual, and, as it appears to us, so reprehensible as far as the chief actors in the transaction are concerned, that we hold it impossible to acquit them of having brought scandal on the British reputation for good faith, and gained a kingdom at a cost which a hundred kingdoms could not compensate-the loss of honour and self-approbation. It is vain for us to boast

of our civilization unless we, by our conduct, prove that it is something more than a name. It is worse than vain to claim credit for the profession of a religion as eminently pure as it is irrefragably true, unless we shew" our faith by our works." The means by which we have acquired Sinde will not bear either of these tests. It might be desirable to open the Indus to our commerce, it was desirable, though the advantages were probably overrated in prospect; but violence is a bad pioneer for the peaceful operations of trade, The Sindian rulers are called barbarians, but surely that is not a reason why we should become barbarians too. They are the disciples of a prophet who prescribed war with the infidel. We acknowledge allegiance to a very different master, and well had it been if his precepts had been kept in mind when the relations of Sinde with the British Government were in course of arrangement.

THE Commercial intercourse between Great Britain and India is already so important, and, under judicious management, is capable of becoming so vastly more important, that we are anxious to see every impediment to its development removed with as little delay as possible. Something has been done within the last few years to remove the discouragement which before seemed to be systematically cast upon the industry of India; but more remains to be done. This is a subject which we shall steadily keep before us, and we trust, at a very early period, to return to it.

IN another column will be found a letter from Sir William Nott, acknowledging the grant by the East-India Company, of the pension voted to him at the Company's General Court in September last. Here we have the melancholy task of announcing that the interest of the gallant general in all earthly affairs has ceased. He died at Carmarthen, on the first day of the present year.

General Nott was born in Glamorganshire, in 1780. When only eighteen years of age, being then resident at Carmarthen, he joined the militia as a volunteer, on the occasion of the French landing at Fishguard. He soon afterwards went out to India as a cadet; and in 1826 (having attained the rank of major) he returned to England in consequence of impaired health, and meditated settling on an estate which he had purchased near Carmarthen. The failure of a house where he had invested his savings compelled him to return to India, where he rose to the rank of major-general. The latter part of his military career, so brilliant and so successful, is fresh in the memory of every reader, and narrative and comment would be alike super-. fluous. His health was irreparably injured before his return; but he still deemed that some period of retirement lay before him, and he commenced preparations for enjoying it.. He repurchased the estate which he had formerly been compelled to part with, and began building a handsome house, which, alas! he was not destined to inhabit. His death will be deeply lamented, not only by his immediate friends, but by his countrymen in every part of the world.

REGISTER. CALCUTTA.

GOVERNMENT GENERAL ORDERS.
MILITARY CLASS OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGE.

Head Quarters, Simla, 10th Oct. 1844.-It having been brought to the notice of the Commander-in-Chief, that at a recent

examination for the admission of pupils to the secondary o military class attached to the medical college, several candidates from distant stations were rejected, on account of their being scarcely able to read or to write their own names intelligibly, his Excellency is pleased to publish the following extract of a notification from the general department, dated the 15th ultimo, and to require interpreters to give strict attention to the directions which it contains in granting certificates to parties desirous of admission into the military class of the medical college.

"All candidates will be expected to possess an adequate knowledge of the Hindoostanee language, to enable them to read and write from dictation, or from a printed work in the Persian or Devanagri characters.

Interpreters of regiments and battalions will be requested, through the military department, not to grant certificates of qualification to any candidate under the age of fifteen, and above that of twenty years, and likewise to reject all who may not pass the prescribed ordeal with a sufficient degree of fluency and facility.'

Students in the military class are amenable to the articles of war, and regularly enlisted as soldiers; in all cases, therefore, it is desirable that the certificates of interpreters should be accompanied by a medical certificate, specifying that the candidate labours under no disease or deformity which would disqualify him for the performance of the active duties of his profession in the field.

ALLOWANCE TO RECRUITING OFFICERS.

Head. Quarters, Simla, 12th Oct. 1844.-The Commander-inchief announces for general information, that the Right Honour able the Governor-General of India in Council has been pleased to sanction being passed to officers detached for the purpose of recruiting for their respective corps, under the authority of his Excellency, a monthly allowance of Company's rupees (100) one hundred, while so employed at the stations to which they may have been ordered on the duty; and compensation for company command allowance, at the rate of Company's rupees (30) thirty per mensem, while in transit to and from their recruiting stations, to such of them as may have been deprived of the charge of companies consequent on their removal from them for the purpose adverted to.

STUDENTS OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGE.

Fort William, 10th Oct. 1844.-The Right Honourable the Governor of Bengal has been pleased to grant permission to passed students of the medical college, not in the employ of Government, to assume the title of "graduate of medicine and surgery of the Bengal Medical College."

ALTERATION OF SALT DUTY.

Fort William, 30th Oct. 1844.-The Right Honourable the Governor of Bengal, with the concurrence of the supreme government of India, has been pleased to determine that, from and after the 11th November, 1814, the rate of duty to be charged on salt imported by sea into any part of the presidency of Fort William, in Bengal, shall be three Company's rupees on every maund of 3,200 tolahs.

PRIZE MONEY TO TROOPS EMPLOYED IN CHINA.

Fort William, Oct. 18, 1844.-In continuation of the G. G.O. noted in the margin, the Right Hon. the Governor-General of India in Council has much gratification in publishing for the information of the army the following paragraphs of a military letter, No. 24, from the Hon. the Court of Directors to the Government of India, dated the 2nd August, 1844.

1. By our despatch of the 19th January, 1842, No. 1, you were informed that, as a mark of the high sense which H. M. entertained of the gallant behaviour and successful exertions of the officers and men of her Majesty's and of the Company's service employed in the operations in China, the Queen had been graciously pleased to direct that a grant should be made to them of a portion of the sum of money received from the Chinese authorities at Canton, under the convention concluded by Capt. Elliott.

2. We have now to apprise you of H. M.'s gracious intention of bestowing a similar mark of approbation upon the naval and military forces employed in the subsequent operations in China, which led to the conclusion of a treaty of peace with that power, and we herewith transmit copy of a minute (26th July, 1844) of the Lords Commissioners of H. M.'s Treasury, authorizing the following donations, viz. :

1st. To the officers and men who were engaged in the whole of the operations commencing from the 21st August, 1841, and

* 2nd March, 16th March, 6th April, and 21st June, 1842.