William White and his child Peregrine; 8. Mr. Isaac Alterton and his wife; 9. Mr. John Alden; 10. Mr. John Turner; 11. Mr. Stephen Hopkins, his wife and children; 12. Mr. Richard Warner; 13. Mr. Edward Tilley; 14. Mr. Samuel Fuller; 15. Wife of Capt. Standish; 16. Samoset, an Indian Sagamore; 17. Mr. John Howland, of Governor Carver's family, who married his daughter.

In the edifice there is a room set apart for a Library and a Cabinet of curiosities. It is already supplied with a number of volumes and many manuscripts of early date. It is desirable that a copy of all the works published by the Pilgrims and their descendants, should be deposited in the library. Among the antiquities in the cabinet are, an antique arm-chair made for some public use, and reputed to have belonged to Governor Carver; the sword of Capt. Miles Standish; the identical cap worn by king Philip, shaped in the form of a helmet, curiously wrought in the manner of net work and interwoven with red bird's feathers; a part of Governor Edward Winslow's chest; tomahawks, arrows, &c. &c. It is the desire of the Society that all the relics and pictures which are memorials of the Pilgrims should be collected and deposited here for safe keeping with an accurate account of each article. This would be the best way to gratify the honorable pride of their descendants. There is in the possession of Miss Hannah White of Plymouth, a direct descendant of Peregrine White,* the chair of English oak which was used by Mrs. Edward Winslow, with the iron staples by which it was fastened to the cabin floor of the Mayflower. Mrs. Hayward of Plymouth, whose name was Winslow, has in her possession a watch-purse composed of beads, made by Penelope Pelham, to pass away the time while on her voyage to this country, and a curious ring of gold containing a lock of hair of Governor Josiah Winslow. The original deed in the hand-writing of Miles Standish, by which Ousamequin conveyed to Miles Standish and others the land which is now Bridgewater, is in the hands of Judge Nahum Mitchell. The ornamented cane of John Alden, who is thought by some to have been the first who stepped upon the Plymouth Rock, is possessed by his descendant, Alden Bradford, Esq. of Boston. The original commission given by Oliver Cromwell to Edward Winslow and others to execute an important enterprize against the Spaniards is in the keeping of Mr. Pelham Winslow. For these and other relics of our forefathers the "Pilgrim Hall" is the most appropriate repository.

For an account of "Forefathers' Rock" and the beautiful monument, erected by the Pilgrim Society for its preservation, we make the following extract from Dr. Thacher's History of Plymouth. "The inhabitants of the town" (1774) "animated by the glorious spirit of liberty which pervaded the Province, and mindful of the precious relic of our forefathers, resolved to consecrate the Rock on which they landed to the shrine of liberty. Col. Theophilus Cotton, and a large number of the inhabitants, assembled, with about twenty yoke of oxen, for the purpose of its removal. The rock was elevated from its bed by means of large screws; and in attempting to mount it on the carriage, it split asunder, without any violence. As no one had observed a flaw, the circumstance occasioned some surprize. It is not strange that some of the patriots of the day should be disposed to indulge a little in superstition, when in favor of their good cause. The separation of the rock was construed to be ominous of a division of the British Empire. The question was now to be decided whether both parts should be removed, and being decided in the negative, the bottom part was dropped again into its original bed, where it still remains, a few inches above the surface of the earth, at the head of the wharf. The upper portion weighing many tons, was conveyed to the liberty-pole square, front of the meeting-house, where, we believe, waved over it a flag with the far-famed motto, Liberty or death.' This part of the rock was, on the 4th of July, 1834, removed to 'Pilgrim Hall,' and placed in front of that edifice under the charge of the Pilgrim Society. A procession was formed on this occasion and passed over Cole's hill, where lie the ashes of those who died the first winter.

*Peregrine White, the first person born in New England of English parents, died at Marshfield, July 20, 1704, in the eighty-fourth year of his age.

"A miniature representation of the Mayflower followed in the procession, placed in a car decorated with flowers, and drawn by six boys. The procession was preceded by the children of both sexes of the several schools in town. On depositing the rock in front of the Hall, a volley of small arms was fired over it by the Standish Guards, after which, an appropriate address was delivered by Doct. Charles Cotton, and the services were closed with a prayer by Rev. Dr. Kendall.

“It affords the highest satisfaction to announce, that the long desired protection of the Forefathers' Rock' is at length completed; and it may be pronounced a noble structure, serving the double purpose of security to the rock and a monument to the Pilgrims. The fabric was erected in June of the present year (1835) and consists of a perfect ellipse, forty-one feet in perimeter, formed of wrought iron bars, five feet high, resting on a base of hammered granite. The heads of the perpendicular bars are harpoons and boat-hooks alternately. The whole is embelished with emblematic figures of cast iron. The base of the railing is studded with emblems of marine shells, placed alternately reversed, having a striking effect. The upper part of the railing is encircled with a wreath of iron castings, in imitation of heraldry curtains, fringed with festoons; of these are forty-one; bearing the names in bass-relief of the forty-one Puritan fathers who signed the memorable compact while in the cabin of the Mayflower at Cape Cod, in 1620. This valuable and interesting acquisition, reflects honor on all who have taken an interest in the undertaking. In the original design by George W. Brimmer, Esq., ingenuity and correct taste are displayed; and in all its parts, the work is executed with much judgment and skill. The castings are executed in the most improved style of the art. This appropriate memorial will last for ages, and the names and story of the great founders of our nation will be made familiar to the latest generation. This monument cost four hundred dollars. The fund was obtained by subscription; Lieut. Gov. Armstrong heading the paper, and Samuel T. Tisdale, Esq. of New York, contributing one hundred dollars. The author of this work " (Dr. Thacher) "had the honor and satisfaction of being the active agent in its execution."

This account of the Pilgrim Society, we conclude by expressing our high commendation of its object. To be affected at the sufferings of the Pilgrims of New England; to exercise gratitude for their inestimable labors and sacrifices; to venerate their virtue and piety; to revere their principles of religious and civil liberty; and to hand down a suitable memorial of them to succeeding generations, is at once the duty and privilege of their descendants. Most cordially can we adopt the expressive language of President Dwight in speaking of our ancestors. "When I call to mind," says he, "the history of their sufferings on both sides of the Atlantic, when I remember their pre-eminent patience, their unspotted piety, their immoveable fortitude, their undaunted resolution, their love to each other, their justice and humanity to the savages, and their freedom from all those stains which elsewhere spotted the character, even of their companions in affliction, I cannot but view them as illustrious brothers, claiming the veneration and applause of all their posterity. By me the names of Carver, Bradford, Cushman, and Standish, will never be forgotten, until I lose the power of recollection."

*

"On the eleventh of November (1621) Robert Cushman arrived at Plymouth in a ship from England, with thirty-five persons, destined to remain in the colony. By this arrival the Plymouth colonists received a charter procured for them by the adventurers in London, who had been originally concerned with them in the enterprise; and they now acknowledged the extraordinary blessing of Heaven, in directing their course into this part of the country, where they had happily obtained permission to possess and enjoy the territory under the authority of the president and council for the affairs of New England."-Holmes's Annals.

The names of the thirty-five persons who came in the Fortune (for so the vessel was called) are, Robert Cushman, William Hilton, John Winslow, William Coner, John Adams, William Tench, John Cannon, William Wright, Robert Hickes, Thomas Pience (Prince) afterwards Governor, Stephen Dean, Moses Simonson. (Simons,) Philip De La Noye, (Delano,) Edward Bompasse, (Bumpus, and Bump,) Clement Brigges, (Briggs,) James Steward, (Stewart,) William Pitts, William Palmer, probably two in his family, Jonathan Brewster, Bennet Morgan, Thomas Flavil and his son, Hugh Stacie, (Stacy,) William Beale, Thomas Cushman, Austin Nicolas, (Nicholas,) Widow Foord, probably four in her family, Thomas Morton, William Bassite, (Bassett,) two probably in his family.

Mr. Cushman was one of those who left England for the sake of religious liberty, and settled at Leyden.

My apology for appending so many notes to this historical notice is, that they illustrate the character of the Pilgrims of New England and the times in which they lived, and thus serve to accomplish the object I have in view. For instance, a few sentences in the farewell discourse of the Rev. Mr. Robinson, who was in an important sense the Father of the Plymouth colony, show the cast of mind, the religious faith, and the adherence to Protestant principles, of himself and of his flock.*

The following gentlemen have been or now are officers of the Society.

Presidents.

LL. D.†

Hon. Joshua Thomas; John Watson, Esq.; Alden Bradford,

Vice Presidents.

Hon. William Davis; Doct. Zaccheus Bartlett; Hon. Nathaniel Morton Davis.

Recording Secretaries. Benjamin Marston Watson, Esq.; Winslow Warren, M. D.

Corresponding Secretaries. Samuel Davis, Esq.; Pelham Winslow Warren, Esq.; John Boies Thomas, Esq.

Treasurers. Hon. Beza Hayward; Hon. Isaac Lathrop Hedge; Allen Danforth, Esq.

Librarian and Cabinet Keeper. James Thacher, M. D.‡

In 1617 he was sent to England with Mr. Carver, the first Governor of the colony, to procure a grant of lands in America, and in 1619 he was sent again with Mr. Bradford, second Governor of the colony, and obtained a patent. He set sail with the first company in 1620, but the speedwell proving leaky, he was obliged to relinquish the voyage. He came, however, to Plymouth, November 10, 1621, but remained there only one month, when be returned. While preparing to remove to America, he died, 1626. He was a man of activity and enterprise, talents and piety, and well versed in the Scriptures. Though not a minister, yet, while at Plymouth, he delivered a discourse in the form of a sermon "on the sin and danger of self-love," which was the first sermon from New England, ever printed. It was first published in London, 1622, then at Boston, 1724, and at Plymouth, 1785. After his death, Mr. Cushman's family came to New England. Many are their descendants in this country.-Allen's Biog. Dict. Farmer's Register.

Brethren," said he, "we are now quickly to part from one another, and whether I may ever live to see your face on earth any more, the God of heaven only knows; but whether the Lord hath appointed that or not, I charge you before God and his blessed angels, that you follow me no farther than you have seen me follow the Lord Jesus Christ. If God reveal any thing to you by any other instrument of his, be as ready to receive it as ever you were to receive any truth by my ministry; for I am fully persuaded, I ain very confident, that the Lord has more truth yet to break forth out of his holy word. For my part, I cannot sufficiently bewail the condition of the reformed churches, who are come to a period in religion, and will go at present no farther than the instruments of their reformation. The Lutherans cannot be drawn to go beyond what Luther saw; whatever part of his will our good God has revealed to Calvin, they will rather die than embrace it: and the Calvinists, you see, stick fast where they were left by that great man of God, who yet saw not all things.

"This is a misery much to be lamented, for though they were burning and shining lights in their times, yet they penetrated not into the whole counsel of God; but were they now living, would be as willing to embrace further light, as that which they at first received. I beseech you to remember that it is an article of your church covenant, that you shall be ready to receive whatever truth shall be made known to you from the written word of God. Remember that, and every other article of your sacred covenant. But I must here withal exhort you to take heed what you receive as truth. Examine it, consider it, and compare it with other Scriptures of truth, before you receive it; for it is not possible that the Christian world should come so lately out of such thick antichristian darkness, and the perfection of knowledge should break forth at once."

† Mr. Bradford was born 1765, and is the son of Gamaliel Bradford, Esq. of Duxbury, who was colonel of a continental regiment during the Revolutionary war, a justice of the peace, and a representative to the general court for several years. This Gamaliel was a son of the Hon. Gamaliel Bradford of Duxbury, many years judge of the court of common pleas for Plymouth county, colonel of militia, representative to the general court, and counsellor from 1763 to 1771. His father was Samuel Bradford of Duxbury also, a large land-holder and farmer. Samuel's father was William Bradford of Plymouth, (that part of it now Kingston,) born in 1625 and died 1705. He was judge of probate, deputy governor, major in the militia, and second in command in the war with Phillip, 1675-6, and afterwards counsellor in Massachusetts, under Andros and under Phipps. This William was son of William Bradford, who was one of the first company that came to this country, and the second Governor of the colony.

Mr. Bradford graduated at Harvard College 1786, and was Tutor in that institution three years. He then studied theology, and was settled in the ministry at Wiscasset, Me. In 1801 he resigned his charge in that place, and was subsequently elected Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for many years. His publications, historical, biographical and political are many and valuable.

Doct. Thacher was born February 14, 1754, and was the youngest son of John Thacher, a very respectable mechanic and agriculturalist of Barnstable. This John was the eldest son of the Hon. John Thacher of Barnstable, who was for about thirty years register of deeds for the county, many years judge of the court of common pleas, and colonel of a regiment of militia. He was born January 28, 1674, and was the youngest son of Hon. John Thacher of Yarmouth, who was for many years an officer in the militia, selectman of the town, representative to the general court, one of the council of war for several and also for about five years one of the assistants of the governor. He was also one of the provincial years, council for about twenty years, and died at Yarmouth, May 8, 1713, aged seventy-five years. He was the eldest son of Anthony Thacher, and was born March 17, 1639. This Anthony Thacher was brother to the Rev. Peter Thacher, a distinguished minister of Sarum in England, and came to this country with his nephew Thomas Thacher, son of the above Peter, June 4, 1635.-Doct. Thacher has been much distinguished among his brethren of the Faculty, and his writings on various subjects have been voluminous, and very creditable to himself. 12

VOL. XI.

Trustees. By the constitution the Board consists of nine. John Watson, Esq.; Hon. Barnabas Hedge; Thomas Jackson, Jr., Esq.; Hon. William Davis; Zabdiel Sampson, Esq.; Rev. James Freeman, D. D.; Alden Bradford, LL. D.; Hon. William Sturgis; James Sever, Esq.; Henry Warren, Esq.; Judah Alden, Esq.; Hon. Wilkes Wood; Doct. Zaccheus Bartlett; Hon. Josiah Robbins; Nathan Hayward, Esq.; Hon. Nathaniel Morton Davis; Hon. Leverett Saltonstall; Joseph Thomas, Esq.; Rossiter Cotton, Esq.; Isaac Winslow, Esq.; Hon. Lemuel Shaw, LL. D.; John B. Thomas, Esq.; Nathaniel Russell, Esq.; William Morton Jackson, Esq.; Ebenezer G. Parker, Esq.; Charles Bramhall, Esq.

NOTICES OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

Valedictory Address of Alva Woods, D. D., President of the University of Alabama. December, 1837. pp. 52.

The Address of President Woods is on the "Importance of Preserving the English Language in its Purity, and on the Importance of Preserving Purity of Morals." Very seasonable remarks are made on both these topics. They are illustrated by numerous classical and other quotations and allusions, such as are adapted to interest an audience like that which listened to this address. The author, in retiring from his arduous duties, appears to carry with him the undiminished respect and confidence of the legislature of Alabama, and of the trustees and friends of the college. Numerous testimonials to this purport are subjoined.

Report and Correspondence on the subject of a Geological and Topographical Survey of the State of Vermont. 1838.

This pamphlet contains a Report of a Committee of the Legislature of Vermont on the subject of a topographical and geological survey of the State. In this Report is embodied a long and interesting letter from Prof. Benedict of the University of Vermont, also a letter from Mr. John Johnson of Burlington, and from Col. James Stevens, who has made a trigonometrical survey of Massachusetts and of Rhode Island. These gentlemen urge a variety of important considerations to show the great value of the proposed surveys. Professor Benedict estimates the expense of both surveys at about $25,000. We cannot doubt but that the State of Vermont will ere long enter on a course of internal improvements. The first step will be of course an accurate acquaintance with the topography and resources of the State.

First Annual Report of the Board of Education of Massachusetts, together with the First Annual Report of the Secretary of the Board. pp. 75.

The Board of Education was created on the 20th of April, 1837. At their first meeting, June 27, 1837, they elected the Hon. Horace Mann, late President of the Senate of Massachusetts as Permanent Secretary of the Board. Mr. Mann has made a very elaborate abstract of the school returns which are annually presented to the legislature, a notice of which may be found in the last No. of this publication. A series of meetings have been held in all the counties of the State except Suffolk, composed of teachers, school-committee men, and the friends of education generally. At each of these meetings the Secretary has been present. His attendance and public addresses have been productive of the happiest effects. The Committee and Mr. Mann in their respective reports, make some excellent remarks on the subject of school-houses; on the powers and duties of a school-committee man; on the education of teachers; on distric school libraries, and on school books. Mr Mann makes many important suggestions

which cannot fail to do great good. He states that the law of 1826, providing that no school books should be used in any of the public schools "calculated to favor any particular religious sect or tenet," has almost entirely excluded not only books directly religious, but those inculcating the principles of ethics and natural theology. We earnestly commend this valuable paper, for copies of which we are indebted to the Governor and to the Secretary of State, to the attention of the friends of education throughout the Commonwealth.

An Address to the People of New Jersey on the subject of Common Schools. 1838. pp. 16.

On the 16th of January, 1838, a Convention of the friends of common school education in New Jersey, was held at Trenton, chief justice Hornblower in the chair. Various resolutions were adopted in respect to the importance of new measures for the promotion of common school education in New Jersey. No effectual efforts have yet been made by the State to provide for the education of the children of its citizens. A Committee was appointed, consisting of Mr. Frelinghuysen, Bishop Doane, Prof. Dod, and Messrs. Elmer, Rhees, Green, Ryall, Atwood and Gummere, who have issued an Address, and whose business it is to call the attention of the people of New Jersey to the subject, till the great work is accomplished. An attempt was successfully made to adopt a new system by the last house of representatives, but it failed in the upper house. The Address of the general committee is able and conclusive.

Twentieth Annual Report of the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York. Utica: 1837. pp. 28.

This Society supports the Baptist Theological and Literary Seminary at Hamilton. "They have been enabled to raise and sustain an institution for seventeen years; to provide a farm and library and buildings worth $25,000, and to give aid to more than five hundred young men preparing for the ministry. The whole expenses have not exceeded $150,000, and not more than $12,000 remain unpaid. In addition to all this, about twenty scholarships have been obtained, of $1,000 each, besides a subscription for permanent funds of $13,000."

Catalogue of Editions of the Holy Scriptures in various Languages, and other Biblical works, in the Library of the American Bible Society. 1837. pp. 31. Catalogue of the Library of the Theological Seminary in Andover, Ms. By Oliver A. Taylor, M. A. 1838. pp. 531.

Catalogue of the Books belonging to the Library of the University of Vermont. 1836. pp. 93.

The valuable Catalogue of the Library of the Bible Society is included under the following heads,-the Holy Scriptures, manuscripts, lexicons, concordances and grammatical works, commentaries, critical and philological works, and writings of the fathers, catalogues and biographical works, biography, history and chronology, geography, topography and travels, religious and other periodicals, annual reports of Bible and other societies, and miscellaneous. One object of publishing this catalogue is to request donations in the various departments specified in its pages. Rare copies and early editions of the Scriptures in our own and other languages; works connected in any way with biblical learning, such as lexicons, grammars, concordances, commentaries, philological treatises, etc., also books of travels and topography, and such as relate to the general progress of Christianity, will be peculiarly acceptable.

The first catalogue of the Andover Library was published in 1819, and consisted of about 160 pages. The library was then quite small, and had received but limited funds. These funds, however, having gradually accumulated, Dr. Robinson, on his visiting Germany, in 1826, was commissioned to make considerable purchases; and these