It is interesting to remember that the territory of the United States has an area of 3,002,852 square miles, and that its population in 1884 was estimated at 52,000,000. The revenue of the United States amounted, in 1881-82, to £80,705,052, and the expenditure to £51,394,085. President Arthur's yearly salary is, however, only £10,000. Washington, the capital of the country and the Presidential place of residence, has a population of 109,199; but New York is incomparably the largest and most populous city in the States.

CHARLES I. (CHARLES FREDERICK ALEXANDER), KING OF WURTEMBURG,

WAS born in 1823. He ascended the throne in 1864 in succession to his father William I., King of Wurtemburg. The beginning of his reign lay in a stormy period; and he in the Austro-Prussian war threw in his lot with Austria. He, like his brother-monarch of Bavaria, signed in 1866 a treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive, with Prussia as the head of the North German Confederation. This of course was one among the many important consequences of the victory of Sadowa. In the great Franco-German war of 1870-71, the army of King Charles I. of: Wurtemburg marched into France with the other armies of Germany. His Majesty is connected with the Russian Imperial family, by his marriage, in 1846, with the grand Duchess Olga Nicolajewna, daughter of Nicholas I., Czar of Russia. He is also an officer in the Muscovite army, being a Colonel of a Russian regiment of dragoons. His Majesty is scarcely distinguished in any other way than by having been placed by nature in the exalted position which he occupies.

HIS HIGHNESS BARGHASH BIN SAED, SULTAN OF
ZANZIBAR,

WAS born in 1835. He ascended the throne in succession to his brother,

Seyyid Majid, in 1870. The most important parts of His Highness's dominions are the islands of Zanzibar and Bemba, distant some twentyfive miles from the coast of Africa. Zanzibar Island itself contains some 400,000 acres of land, and produces cloves, rice, sugar-cane, cocoanut, millet, manioc and fruits. The population of this one island amounts to 150,000 souls. The dynasty of which the Sultan is the head has been

in Zanzibar at least a hundred years, and is an Arab one. The lords of the soil in his dominions are chiefly Arabs, who employ negroes as labourers. In 1873, Sir Bartle Frere, on the part of Her Britannic Majesty's Government, concluded a treaty with the Sultan for the suppression of the slavetrade, which on Barghash Bin Saed's part was not very faithfully observed. However, in 1875 His Highness visited England and France, and presumably was much impressed by what he saw of the opulence and wealth of the Western nations. In any case, he now concluded a second treaty with England, with a view to dealing a more effectual blow at the slavetrade, and its signature has been attended with satisfactory results. This will be familiar to everyone who has perused the voyages of Livingstone and Stanley, how useful to them the Sultan was, affording to the two heroic discoverers every facility in his power in their efforts to penetrate the mysteries of the "Dark Continent." His services have not wanted recognition on the part of Her Majesty the Queen, for His Highness has been invested with the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Nor is he an insignificant sovereign; for Zanzibar, his capital, contains a population of 80,000 souls. The imports into his dominions amount in value to £600,000, and the exports to £700,000. His army is certainly not very formidable, and in number only 1,200 men. At the court of His Highness our Government maintains a Consul-General, Sir John Kirk, with a salary approximately of £2,000 per annum. Slavery is not extinct in Zanzibar, neither is the slave-trade; but there are a great many free blacks.

THE LIVES OF

Eminent Naval Men

66

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS ALFRED ERNEST ALBERT, K.G., K.T., K.P., G.C.S.I., G.C.M.G., DUKE OF EDINBURGH.

PERSONAL Aide-de-camp to the Queen, Commander-in-Chief of the

Channel Squadron, the second son of Her Majesty the Queen, was born at Windsor Castle, August 6th, 1844, and is now (May, 1884) in the fortieth year of his age. His early education was entrusted to private tutors; and in 1856 he was placed under the special care of Major Cowell, R.E., and spent the winter of 1856-57 at Geneva, studying modern languages. Having decided upon joining the Naval service, Prince Alfred was placed under the Rev. W. R. Jolly, at Alverbank, near Gosport, where he pursued the preparatory studies for his profession during the summer of 1858. He entered the service, after a strict and searching examination, August 31st, 1858, was appointed a Naval Cadet, and joined H.M.S. Euryalus." On October 27th of the same year he joined his ship for active sea-service, and visited many of the countries on the shores of the Mediterranean, and extended his travels to America and the West Indies. In December, 1862, Prince Alfred declined the offer made him to become King of Greece. In February, 1866, Parliament granted him £15,000 a year, payable from the day on which he attained his majority, with an additional £10,000 on his marriage. He was created Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Kent, and Earl of Ulster on May 24th, 1866, and took his seat in the House of Lords on June 8th. Early in 1867 the Duke was appointed to the command of the "Galatea," which sailed from Plymouth on February 26th. Since then, he has visited nearly every country in the world, proceeding first to Australia, where he met with a most enthusiastic reception on the part of the inhabitants, and great indignation was felt at the dastardly attempt of an Irishman, named O'Farrell, to assassinate the Prince at a picnic, held at Clontarf, near Port Jackson, New South Wales. on March 12th, 1868. The Prince, however, was only slightly wounded No. VII.]

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