the preceding part of the same line in which it occurs; whereas, by reversing these inflections, according to the directions in the same passage as subsequently presented, the meaning of the phrase will be connected, as it should be, with the line which follows it.

This story shall the good man teach his son',
And Crispian's day shall ne'er go by',
From this time to the ending of the world',
But we and it shall be remembered':

We few', we happy few', we band of brothers';
For he to-day that sheds his blood with me',
Shall be my brother': be he e'er so vile',
This day shall gentle his condition';

And gentlemen in England', now abed',

Shall think themselves accursed they were not here',
And hold their manhoods cheap while any speaks
That fought with us upon St. Crispian's day'.

Examples of this description might be multiplied without limit; but it is presumed that enough have been brought forward to show the necessity of strict attention to the inflections of the voice, employed by one who would enunciate the sentiments of others with accuracy and elegance.

CIRCUMFLEX.

On page 75, the reader was informed, that,

When both the upward and the downward slides of the voice occur in pronouncing a syllable, they are denominated a Circumflex or Wave. It is represented by the following mark (^), which is commonly placed over a vowel, thus (a).

The upward and the downward slides of the voice sometimes extend to three or four variations on the same syllable; for which reason Dr. Rush has divided the circumflexes or waves into single, double, and continued; and subdivided them again into equal, direct, inverted, unequal, direct unequal, and inverted unequal. Although to the ordinary reader, these distinctions may be of little importance, yet some may be gratified with an illustration of them.

SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND CONTINUED WAVE.

When the voice rises and falls, or falls and rises, only once upon the same syllable, the movement is called a Single Wave. When the voice rises and falls, and rises again, or falls and rises, and falls again, on the same syllable, the movement is called a Double Wave.

When there are more than three parts to a circumflex, it is denominated a Continued Wave.

EQUAL, DIRECT, INVERTED WAVE, &C.

When the rise and fall of the voice on a syllable, are equal, the movement is called an Equal Wave.

When the voice rises first, and then falls, in an equal wave, the movement is denominated a Direct Equal Wave.

But when it falls first, and then rises, it is called an Inverted Equal Wave.

When the upward and the downward slides of the voice in a circumflex movement, are unequal, it is called an Unequal Wave. When the first part of an unequal circumflex rises, it is denominated a Direct Unequal Wave.

When the first part of an unequal wave falls, it is called an Inverted Unequal Wave,

ILLUSTRATION.

Hâil! beauteous stranger of the wood."

If the word "hail," in this sentence, be uttered with a perceptible, downward ending, and with protracted or long quantity, though without emphasis, the movement of the voice will display the direct equal wave of a second, or an upward and downward slide of the voice through one tone.

"High on a thrône of royal state."

If this line be pronounced in a similar manner, though with the rising inflection at the close of each word, it will exhibit the inverted equal wave of a second on the syllables "high," "throne," and "roy."

"I said he was my friend."

Let this sentence be slowly uttered, with long quantity, and such an emphasis upon "my" as to contrast it with your—friend, and the word my will show the direct equal wave of a third; that is, the voice will rise and fall through two tones.

"Ah! is he your friend, then?"

Let this last sentence be enunciated as a reply to the preceding, and with a somewhat brisk air of surprise, though with long quantity and a natural emphasis upon "your," and it will display the inverted equal wave of a third.

If the sentence, "Yes, I said he was my friend," be reiterat ed with a strongly positive emphasis upon my, and with extended quantity, it will exhibit the direct equal wave of a fifth: or the voice will rise and fall upon the word four tones.

"Is he solely yoûr friend?”

If the utterance of this interrogation be rendered more pierc ing, with long quantity and increased emphasis of surprise upon the word your, it will show the inverted wave of a fifth.

The direct unequal wave will be shown by pronouncing the word my, in the sentence, "I said he was my friend,” in a strongly taunting and positive manner.

If, in the sentence, "Is he your friend?" the word your be uttered with a strong expression of scorn and interrogation, it will exhibit the inverted unequal wave.

"Pity the sorrows of a pôôr ôld mân'.”

If suspensive quantity and a plaintive tone be given to the words "poor" and "old," in the foregoing example, they will exhibit the direct wave of the semitone: and if the word "man" receive a plaintive expression and extended quantity, and the voice be made to rise on the second part of the wave, it will show the inverted wave of the semitone.

EXERCISES.

As a command over these elements, is of great importance to a reader or a speaker, a faithful exercise on the following, vowel sounds, will be found useful to the learner. The rising and falling slides of a second, third, fifth, and octave, and, also, the direct and inverted equal and unequal waves, may be given

to a in a-ll, a in a-pe, a in a-rch, o in o-wn, ou in ou-r, ee in ee-l, oo in oo-ze, oi in j-oy, i in i-sle, ew in b-eau-ty, n-ew, and so forth.

For a farther development of this subject, the reader is referred to Dr. Rush's "Philosophy of the Human Voice," p. 210.

EXERCISES.

Who's he that wishes more men from England?
My cousin Westmoreland? No, my fair cousin;
If we are marked to die, we are enough
To do our country loss; and if to live,

The fewer men, the greater share of honour.

No, no, my lord; wish not a mân from England.

If the word "man," in this passage, be uttered with such an emphasis laid upon it as to contrast it with some antithetical word understood, but without any circumflex of the voice on the vowel a, the sense will be perverted, and the inferential meaning will be, that, although he should not wish a man, yet he might wish a woman, or a horse: whereas, if the direct equal wave of a third, with long quantity, be given to the word "man," the meaning and beauty of the passage will be fully displayed.

Example. Mr. Addison relates an anecdote of an ancient philosopher, who, after having invited some of his friends to dine with him, was disturbed by a person that came into the room in a passion, and overturned the dinner table: to which outrage the philosopher calmly replied, "Every one has his calâmity; and he is a hâppy mân that has no greater than this.

Remark. This quoted sentence ought to be read with an easy, free, and perfectly familiar intonation; and then the emphatick words, "calamity," "happy" and "this," as well as the word "man," will very happily display the circumflex movements of the voice. In short, the wave of the voice occurs, more or less, in the pronunciation of emphatick words. This subject will, therefore, be resumed under the head of emphatick inflections.

PROMISCUOUS EXERCISES.

In reading the following examples, the pupil should be required, by frequent trials and repetitions, not only to enunciate them with the greatest care and accuracy, but, also, to apply every Rule and every Exception agreeably to which the exercises are marked.

Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villany'.

Affectation is a part of the chosen trappings of folly'. There is nothing more dreadful to an author than neglect'. There is the modern infidel', who affects to deny the divine authenticity of the Bible'. The devil don't deny it'. The infidel has all the impudence of the devil', but not half the knowledge'.

The fine arts look not so much to what is natural', as to that which is agreeable': nevertheless', they generally copy from nature'.

I said an elder soldier'; not a better'. Did I say bêtter'? We are troubled on every side', yet not distrêssed'; perplexed', yet not in despâir'; persecuted', but not forsâken'; cast down', but not destroyed'.

To smile upon those we should censure', and to countenance such as are guilty of bad actions', is bringing guilt upon ourselves'.

God hung out this sign [the Bible] from Heaven',-and retired'.

At length the Great Spirit spoke to the whirlwind',—and it was still'.

If thy fellow approach thee', naked and destitute', and thou shouldst say unto him', 'Depart in peace'; be you wârmed and filled';' and yet', shouldst give him not those things that are needful to him', what benevolence is there in thy conduct? yea', rather, is it not hypocrisy"?

Remark. The negative, not, in the last question of the preceding example, reverses the inflection at "hypocrisy," and gives it the falling, contrary to Rule 4. If a negative, when introduced into a simple, affirmative sentence, has power to reverse its inflection, it is apparent that it may sometimes exert the same controlling influence over an interrogative sentence.