had what the other wanted. Some, from a diseased fancy, cannot ine themselves to a single spot. All these mistaken pursuers of 1, sooner or later, are the prey of excessive ennui. Industry, ality, economy, are essential to thrift. The want of fuel, of water, of forage, compelled the party to retreat. He who has learned to

7, may hope to govern. He that seeketh, findeth. The truth is, that whole of the surface of these beautiful plains is clad throughout season of verdure with every imaginable variety of color. The stion is, "Where shall we go?"

248. Independent and Parenthetic Expressions.

. Independent expressions should be separated from the rest he sentence by a comma; as, "Yet once more, O ye laurels ;" 'ad, a troop shall overcome him ;"" This said, he formed thee am, thee, O man;"" To confess the truth, I was in error;" Fenerally speaking, little can be done after the first month;" aying, Lord, Lord, open unto us."

a.) When a direct address is expressive of strong feeling, the exclation point is used; as, "O Desdemona! Desdemona! dead!" b.) Interjections in many cases require no pause, but when pointed at all, are separated by the comma, if not emphatic; otherwise by exclamation point; as, "O sing to me of Heaven;" "Lo, here is rist;” “Oh! what a situation I am placed in ?"

c.) Expressions used parenthetically should be pointed off by the nma; as, “Thou knowest, come what may, that the light of truth not be put out."

249. The Semicolon and Colon.

1. The semicolon is used to separate the parts of a sentence ich are loosely connected; as, "Make a proper use of your time; - the loss of it can never be regained."

(a.) Coördinate principal clauses are separated by the semicolon when è conjunction is omitted, or when the connection is not close; as, Life is short; art is long;" "A clownish air is but a small defect; yet is enough to make a man disagreeable."

(b.) Subordinate parts, when extended, if they form a coördinate series her at the beginning or end of a sentence, are separated by the semilon, when not so closely connected as to require a comma.

Independent expressions separated by points,-sometimes by a comma, metimes by an exclamation point. Parenthetical expressions.

EXAMPLE." Philosophers assert that Nature is unlimited in her opera tions; that she has inexhaustible treasures in reserve; that knowledge will always be progressive; and that all future generations will continue to maksi discoveries of which we have not the slightest idea."

(c.) The semicolon should be placed before as, used to introduce a example. See the examples in the preceding paragraphs.

66

(d.) The semicolon is used before namely, viz., to wit, when the sub divisions of a preceding term are introduced in a formal way; otherwis Pronouns are divided into thre the comma or dash is used; as, classes; namely, Personal, Relative, and Interrogative." Less formally thus:- 11 Into three classes-Personal, Relative, and Interrogative.” (e.) The colon is now but little used except before examples following the expressions as follows, the following examples, in these words, &c.; as "Perform the following exercises :" "He used these words: Mr. Presi dent:" &c. It is also used to separate the terms of a proportion; as "A: B:: :: C: D."

250. Exercise.

Insert the comma, the semicolon, and the colon where they are required the following examples:

Never value yourself upon your fortune for this is the sign of a weal mind. Pope had perhaps the judgment of Dryden but Dryden certainl wanted the diligence of Pope. The great tendency and purpose o poetry is to carry the mind above and beyond the beaten dusty wear walks of ordinary life to lift it into a purer element and to breathe int it more profound and generous emotion. Write on your slates the fol Endeavor to excel much may lowing example Mary and John will go. be accomplished by perseverance. He has two coats namely a blac one and a gray one. The noun is the name of an object as Boston paper

251. The Dash and Parenthesis.

1. The dash is used where there is a significant pause, an unexpected transition in the sentence, or where a sentence is lef unfinished; as, "He sometimes counsel takes, and sometimes— snuff." "But I must first ."

2. The dash is now frequently used instead of the parenthesis; a= "The colonists-such is human nature-desired to burn the town in which they had been so wretched."

3. The dash, or comma and dash, may be placed before the part which resume a whole, or before a construction which is resumed; a=

The colon. The dash.

here are three persons-the first, the second, and the third."

"You

k like a boy,-like a boy who thinks the old gnarled oak can be ted as easy as the young sapling."

. The parenthesis is used to enclose a part of a sentence not essary to the construction, but in some way explanatory of meaning of the sentence; as, "Consider (and may the sideration sink deep into your hearts) the fatal consequences wicked life."

252. Exercise.

isert the dash and the parenthesis where they are required in the following ples:

:

orror burst the bands of sleep; but my feelings words are too weak, powerless to express them. The Egyptian style of architecture see Pocock, not his discourses but his prints was apparently the mother he Greek. While they wished to please, and why should they not 1 it, they disdained honorable means. If thou art he, so much ›ected once but, O, how fallen! how degraded! The atmosphere is posed of three parts oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonic acid gas. ece, Carthage, Rome where are they?

POINTS USED AT THE CLOSE OF A SENTENCE.

253. The Period.

1. The period is used at the close of a declarative or an imperae sentence; as, "Knowledge is not only pleasant, but useful honorable."

2. The period is used after abbreviations; as, "The age of MSS. in some instances, known by dates inserted in them;” “I was vited to meet Mr. and Mrs. Clifford."

3. The period is placed after any word, heading, title, or her expression used independently and alone; as, Exercise. The riod. H. Cowperthwait and Company.

4. The period is used after numeral letters; as, V. XII.

254. Exercise.

-

Insert the period where it is required in the following examples :-
Truth is the basis of every virtue It is the voice of reason

Let its

Parenthesis. Period, at the close of a sentence; after abbreviations, words, adings, &c.; after numeral letters.

precepts be religiously obeyed Never transgress its limits Abnor falsehood I would say to the people, You cannot, without guilt a disgrace, stop where you are The oration was delivered by JL Thomp son, Esq The event occurred B C 1001 To R H Dana Jun Esq the well known author of "Two Years before the Mast," the community are greatly indebted But the seasons are not alike in all countries of the same region, for the reasons already given See Chap VI ¿ 2 ¶ 4 p 33 See (257, 4) Little and Brown's store A new thing under the su Ripe apples for sale Chapter XX Sec X Part I

255. Interrogation and Exclamation Points.

1. An interrogation point is used at the close of an interroga tive, and an exclamation point at the close of an exclamator sentence; as, "Who comes there?" "How unsearchable are hi ways!".

2. When an interrogative sentence is used as a subordinate clause.(1.) The interrogation point is employed when the clause is quoted directly as, "He said, Why do you weep?"

(2.) The interrogation point is not employed where the clause is quoted indirectly; as, "He asked me why I wept."

3. A exclamation point is often used within a sentence, after an ex clamatory expression or an interjection; as, “O, Jove Supreme! whom men and gods revere!" "O! let soft pity touch the mind!”

256. Exercises.

Insert interrogation and exclamation points where they are required in th following examples :

Daughter of Faith awake arise illume the dread unknown the cha of the tomb Whither shall I turn Wretch that I am To what plac shall I betake myself O Pascal thou wert pure in heart in this world and now thou art in full sight of God. Apostles of liberty what mil lions attest the authenticity of your mission Did she fall like Lucifer never to hope again To purchase heaven has gold the power Wi shall separate us from the love of Christ What kill thy friend who len thee money, for asking thee for it The secret I implore: out with i speak discover utter

Punctuate correctly in all respects the following examples :—

What a piece of work is man How noble in reason how infinite in faculties in form and moving how express and admirable in action how

Interrogation points-after subordinate clauses. Exclamation points within

a sentence.

id by the way I saw not unds in birds of prey.

: an angel in apprehension how like a God The air was mild as imer all corn was off the ground and the skylarks were singing one at Keswick perhaps because the place Dr H Marsh FR S &c Bishop of Peterbogh b 1757 d 1839 As the pupil is often obliged to bend all his faculto the task before him and tears sometimes fall on the page he is lying so it is in the school of God's providence there are hard lessons t When the poor victims were bayoneted clinging round the knees the soldiers would my friend but I could cannot pursue the strain of interrogation

257. Other Marks used in Writing.

1. Brackets ([]) are used when a word or phrase is introced for explanation or connection; as, "He [the teacher] thus plained the difficulty."

2. The Apostrophe (') is used either to denote the possessive se, or the omission of a letter; as, "John's." "O'er.”

3. The Quotation Marks (“") are used to include a passage xen verbatim from some other author; as, "He said, 'I relin

4. The Asterisk [*], the Obelisk (†), the Double Dagger (‡),* d the Parallels (I) are used to refer to notes in the margin, or the bottom of the page. Sometimes the Section (§) and the ragraph (1) are used. Also, small letters, or figures, which fer to notes at the foot of the page.

5. The Caret (^) is used in writing to show that some letter,

on

ord, or phrase has been omitted; as, "The pencil lies the table."

^

6. The Hyphen (-) is used to separate the parts of a compound ord; as, "Book-binder." When placed at the end of a line, it ows the word is divided, the remaining part being carried to e next line.

7. The Ellipsis (***) (- -) is used to denote the omission certain letters or words; as, "C*** 11.” "K—g."

8. The Brace (~~) connects a number of words with one minon term.

Brackets. Apostrophe. Quotation marks. Asterisk, &c. Caret. Hyphen. lipsis. Brace.