(3) the exercise of religious activities has a detrimental effect on a participant's civil, social, and economic status within the People's Republic of China;

(4) the freedom of movement and the freedom to form independent trade unions and other voluntary associations are severely curtailed;

(5) there have been some encouraging developments including an effort by the current leadership of the People's Republic of China to develop economic policies without regard to a rigid application of Maoist ideology; and

(6) the American people desire to extend their moral support to the struggle for freedom and justice within the People's Republic of China.

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of the Congress that the leadership of the People's Republic of China should take necessary steps toward establishing a more democratic society, with a free and open political system that will protect the essential human rights of all people living within that country.

SEC. 1246. DEMOCRACY IN TAIWAN.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) stability and peace prevail on the island of Taiwan and in the Western Pacific region;

(2) economic vitality, educational advancement, and social progress have created conditions favoring the furtherance of democracy in Taiwan;

(3) the people of Taiwan, in both national and local elections, have shown themselves fully capable of participating in a democratic political process;

(4) the authorities on Taiwan are nurturing a transition toward more truly democratic and representative political institutions, although a minority of the seats in the central legislature and central electoral college are filled through periodic elections, with the majority of seats still being held by individuals who took office in the late 1940s;

(5) on September 28, 1986, Taiwan's democratic opposition announced the formation of the Democratic Progressive Party; (6) on October 7, 1986, President Chiang Ching-kuo, announced that the Kuomintang intended to end the state of martial law and to lift the ban on the creation of new political parties;

(7) the lifting of martial law in July and the release of detainees symbolize the growing respect for human rights and freedom of expression on Taiwan;

(8) the Kuomintang has indicated a desire over the next few years to make more representative Taiwan's central representative bodies, to broaden decisionmaking within the Nationalist Party, to enhance the rule of law, and to increase the powers of local-level government; and

(9) our common commitment to democratic institutions and values is an increasingly strong bond between the people of the United States and the people of Taiwan and an acceleration of progress toward a full democracy on Taiwan, including full re

spect for human rights, will strengthen United States ties with the people on Taiwan.

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-The Congress

(1) welcomes the democratic trends emerging in Taiwan and commends the progress that has been made recently in advancing democratic institutions and values;

(2) welcomes the lifting of martial law and looks forward to the lifting of the ban on new political parties;

(3) encourages the leaders and peoples of Taiwan to continue this process with the aim of consolidating fully democratic institutions, in particular by

(A) guaranteeing freedom of speech, expression, and assembly; and

(B) gradually moving toward a fully representative government, including the free and fair election of all members of all central representative bodies; and

(4) requests the American Institute in Taiwan to convey this Nation's continuing support for a democratic and prosperous Taiwan, as stated in the Taiwan Relations Act, and our encouragement for democracy to the leaders and the people of Tai

wan.

PART F-MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 1251. REPORT ON ILLEGAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS.

(a) REPORT.-Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate committees of the Congress a report concerning:

(1) The status of the Japanese Government investigation of the transfer of milling machines to the Soviet Union by Toshiba Machine Company, including any prosecution, fine, or other government action.

(2) The status of the Norwegian Government investigation of the transfer of numerical controllers by Kongsberg Vappenfabrik (KV) to the Soviet Union, including any prosecution, fine, or other government action.

(3) Actions undertaken by the Japanese and Norwegian Governments to ensure that such transfers or other breaches of security related to international espionage do not recur.

(4) Actions and plans of the United States Government to respond to such cases of international espionage.

(b) DISCUSSIONS.-The Secretary of State shall enter into discussions with Japan and Norway regarding compensation for damage to United States national security resulting from such cases of international espionage. The Secretary shall submit a preliminary report to the appropriate committees of the Congress concerning the status of such discussions 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act and shall submit a final report 360 days after the date of enactment of this Act. The Secretary may submit such other subsequent reports as may be appropriate.

SEC. 1252. REPORT ON PROGRESS TOWARD A WORLD SUMMIT ON TERRORISM.

It is the sense of the Congress that the President should convene a summit meeting of Western world leaders to adopt a unified effective program against international terrorism.

SEC. 1253. PROTECTION OF AMERICANS ENDANGERED BY THE AP. PEARANCE OF THEIR PLACE OF BIRTH ON THEIR PASSPORTS.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that some citizens of the United States may be specially endangered during a hijacking or other terrorist incident by the fact that their place of birth appears on their United States passports.

(b) DISCUSSIONS.-The Congress urges the President to enter into discussions with other countries regarding the feasibility of a general agreement permitting the deletion of the place of birth as a required item of information on passports.

SEC. 1254. SUPPORT OF MUTUAL DEFENSE ALLIANCES.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress makes the following findings:

(1) Japan, the member nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and other countries rely heavily on the United States to protect their national security under mutual defense alliances.

(2) The United States spends tens of billions of dollars annually to assist in the defense of allies of the United States.

(3) The financial burden of mutual defense assumed by many NATO allies and particularly Japan is not commensurate with their economic resources, and, as a result, the United States bears a disproportionately large share of the financial burden of supporting such mutual defense.

(4) While the United States is currently spending 6.5 percent of its gross national product on defense, our NATO allies spend an average of 3.5 percent of their gross national products on defense and Japan spends only 1.0 percent of its gross national product on defense.

(5) United States allies, particularly West Germany and Japan, have derived tremendous economic benefit from the free trade system among the Western countries, accumulating in certain cases large payments surpluses, while protected through military alliances to which the United States has made an overwhelming commitment of resources.

(6) The greatest weakness in the ability of the United States to sustain the mutual defense of the United States and its allies is not the military capability of the United States, but rather the economic vulnerability of the United States.

(7) The Federal budget deficit must be reduced in order to revitalize the economy.

(8) The continued unwillingness of the allies of the United States to increase their contributions to the common defense to more appropriate levels could weaken the long-term vitality, effectiveness, and cohesion of the alliances between those countries and the United States.

(b) POLICY.-It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) the President should enter into discussions with countries which participate in mutual defense alliances with the United

States, especially the member nations of NATO and Japan, for the purpose of reaching an agreement on a more equitable distribution of the burden of financial support for the alliances;

(2) the objective of such discussions with the member nations of NATO and Japan should be to establish a schedule of increases in defense spending by our NATO allies and Japan or a system of offsetting payments that is designed to achieve, to the maximum practicable extent, a division of responsibility for defense spending between those allies and the United States that is commensurate with their resources;

(3) the President should report to the Congress, within one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, on the progress of such discussions; and

(4) if, in the judgment of the Congress, the President's report does not reflect substantial progress toward a more equitable distribution of defense expenses among the members of a mutual defense alliance, the Congress should review the extent of the distribution of the mutual defense burden among our allies and consider whether additional legislation is appropriate.

TITLE XIII-EFFECTIVE DATE

SEC. 1301. EFFECTIVE DATE.

Except as otherwise provided in this Act, this Act shall take effect on the date of its enactment.

i. Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986

and 1987

Partial text of Public Law 99–93 (Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987; H.R. 2068], 99 Stat. 405, approved August 16, 1985; as amended by Public Law 99-151 [Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1986; H.R. 2942], 99 Stat. 792, approved November 13, 1985; Public Law 99-399 [Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986, H.R. 4151], 100 Stat. 868, approved August 27, 1986; Public Law 100202 [Continuing Appropriations for 1988, H.J. Res. 395], 101 Stat. 1329, approved December 22, 1987; Public Law 100-204 [Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989; H.R. 1777], 101 Stat. 1331, approved December 22, 1987; Public Law 102-138 [Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993; H.R. 1415], 105 Stat. 647, approved October 28, 1991; Public Law 102-392 [Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1993; H.R. 5427], 106 Stat. 1703, approved October 6, 1992; Public Law 102-549 [International Narcotics Control Act of 1992, H.R. 6187], 106 Stat. 4914, approved November 2, 1992; Public Law 103-199 [FRIENDSHIP Act, H.R. 3000], 107 Stat. 2317, approved December 17, 1993; Public Law 103-236 [Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995; H.R. 2333], 108 Stat. 382, approved April 30, 1994

NOTE.-Sections in this Act amend other State Department and foreign relations legislation and are incorporated elsewhere in this compilation.

AN ACT To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 for the Department of State, the United States Information Agency, the Board for International Broadcasting, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) SHORT TITLE.-This Act may be cited as the "Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987". (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.-* * *

TITLE I-DEPARTMENT OF STATE

SEC. 101. AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS.

The following amounts are authorized to be appropriated for the Department of State to carry out the authorities, functions, duties, and responsibilities in the conduct of the foreign affairs of the United States and for other purposes authorized by law: