Islands, and Palau. The authority of this subsection shall expire when the Compact of Free Association is approved by the Congress. (d) 116 (1) The Secretary of State is authorized to provide for special professional foreign affairs training and instruction of employees of foreign governments through the institution.

(2) Training and instruction under paragraph (1) shall be on a reimbursable or advance-of-funds basis. Such reimbursements or advances to the Department of State may be provided by an agency of the United States Government or by a foreign government and shall be credited to the currently available applicable appropriation

account.

(3) In making such training available to employees of foreign governments, priority consideration should be given to officials of newly emerging democratic nations and then to such other countries as the Secretary determines to be in the national interest of the United States.

(4) The authorities of section 704 shall apply to training and instruction provided under this section.

SEC. 702.117 FOREIGN LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS. (a) The Secretary shall establish foreign language proficiency requirements for members of the Service who are to be assigned abroad in order that Foreign Service posts abroad will be staffed by individuals having a useful knowledge of the language or dialect common to the country in which the post is located.

(b) The Secretary of State shall arrange for appropriate language training of members of the Service by the institution 113 or otherwise in order to assist in meeting the requirements established under subsection (a).

SEC. 703.118 CAREER DEVELOPMENT. (a) The Secretary shall establish a professional development program to assure that members of the Service obtain the skills and knowledge required at the various stages of their careers. With regard to Foreign Service officers, primary attention shall be given to training for career candidate officers and for midcareer officers, both after achieving tenure and as they approach eligibility for entry to the Senior Foreign Service, to enhance and broaden their qualifications for more senior levels of responsibility in the Service. Training for other members of the Service shall emphasize programs designed to enhance their particular skills and expert knowledge, including development of the management skills appropriate to their occupational categories. (b) Junior Foreign Service officer training shall be directed primarily toward providing expert knowledge in the basic functions of analysis and reporting as well as in consular, administrative, and linguistic skills relevant to the full range of future job assignments. Midcareer training shall be directed primarily toward development and perfection of management, functional, negotiating, and policy development skills to prepare the officers progressively for more senior levels of responsibility.

(c) At each stage the program of professional development should be designed to provide members of the Service with the opportunity

116 Sec. 126(2XC) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103-236; 108 Stat. 393) added subsec. (d).

11722 U.S.C. 4022.

118 22 U.S.C. 4023.

ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.-There is authorized to be esked at the institution 113 a program whereby selected scholars participate fully in the educational and training activities of stitution.113 This program may be referred to as the "Visiting rs Program".

SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF SCHOLARS.—

(1) Scholars participating in the Visiting Scholars Program hall be selected by a five-member board described in subection (c).

(2) Each visiting scholar shall serve a term of one year, exept that such term may be extended for one additional oneDear period.

ESTABLISHMENT OF SELECTION BOARD.-The board referred to :bsection (b) shall be composed of the director of the institu13 who shall serve as chairperson, and four other members inted by the Secretary of State.

CHAPTER 8-FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY

UBCHAPTER I-FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM 125

C. 801.126 ADMINISTRATION OF THE SYSTEM.-In accordance such_regulations as the President may prescribe, the Secry of State shall administer the Foreign Service Retirement Disability System (hereinafter in this subchapter 127 referred is the "System"), originally established pursuant to section 18 e Act of May 24, 1924 (43 Stat. 144).

EC. 802.128 MAINTENANCE OF THE FUND.-The Secretary of the asury shall maintain the special fund known as the Foreign vice Retirement and Disability Fund (hereinafter in this subpter 127 referred to as the "Fund"), originally created by section of the Act of May 24, 1924 (43 Stat. 144).

SEC. 803.129 PARTICIPANTS.—(a) Except as provided in subsection ,130 the following members of the Service (hereinafter in this chapter 127 referred to as "participants") shall be entitled to the nefits of the System:

(1) Every member who is serving under a career appointment or a career candidate under section 306

(A) in the Senior Foreign Service, or

(B) assigned to a salary class in the Foreign Service Schedule.

(2) Every chief of mission, who is not a participant under pararaph (1), who—

(A) has served as chief of mission for an aggregate period of 20 years or more, and

125 See also the retained provisions of the Foreign Service Retirement Amendments of 1976. The heading for subchapter I was added by sec. 402(aX1) of Public Law 99-335 (100 Stat. 609). 1222 U.S.C. 4041.

127 Section 402(a) and sec. 402(a)2) of Public Law 99-335 (100 Stat. 609), substituted the words "this subchapter" in lieu of "this chapter" throughout chapter 8, and inserted the words under this subchapter" after "payable from the Fund" each time it appears.

1222 U.S.C. 4042.

22 U.S.C. 4043.

The text of subsec. (a) to this point was added by sec. 414(1) of Public Law 99-335 (100 Stat. 614)

88-541 95-17

detailed in accordance with law for special instruction or training, including orientation, language, and career development training;

(2) pay the salary (excluding premium pay or any special differential under section 412) 121 of members of the Service selected and assigned for training; and

(3) provide special monetary or other incentives to encourage members of the Service to acquire or retain proficiency in foreign languages or special abilities needed in the Service.

(c) The Secretary may provide to family members of members of the Service or of employees of the Department or other agencies, in anticipation of their assignment abroad or while abroad

(1) appropriate orientation and language training; and

(2) functional training for anticipated prospective employment under section 311.

SEC. 705.122 TRAINING GRANTS. (a) To facilitate training provided to members of families of Government employees under this chapter, the Secretary may make grants (by advance payment or by reimbursement) to family members attending approved programs of study. No such grant may exceed the amount actually expended for necessary costs incurred in conjunction with such attendance.

(b) If a member of the Service who is assigned abroad, or a member of his or her family, is unable to participate in language training furnished by the Government through the institution 113 or otherwise, the Secretary may compensate that individual for all or part of the costs of language training, related to the assignment abroad, which is undertaken at a public or private institution.

SEC. 706.123 CAREER COUNSELING.—(a) In order to facilitate their transition from the Service, the Secretary may provide (by contract or otherwise, subject to the availability of appropriations) professional career counseling, advice, and placement assistance to members of the Service, and to former members of the Service who were assigned to receive counseling and assistance under this subsection before they were separated from the Service, other than those separated for cause.

(b)(1) The Secretary may facilitate the employment of spouses of members of the Service by

(A) providing regular career counseling for such spouses;

(B) maintaining a centralized system for cataloging their skills and the various governmental and nongovernmental employment opportunities available to them; and

(C) otherwise assisting them in obtaining employment.

(2) The Secretary shall establish a family liaison office to carry out this subsection and such other functions as the Secretary may determine.

SEC. 707.124 Visiting SchOLARS PROGRAM.

121 Sec. 125(1) of Public Law 97-241 (96 Stat. 281) struck "411" and inserted in lieu thereof "412".

122 22 U.S.C. 4025.

123 22 U.S.C. 4026.

124 22 U.S.C. 4027. Sec. 144 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (Public Law 101-246; 104 Stat. 36), added sec. 707.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.-There is authorized to be established at the institution 113 a program whereby selected scholars would participate fully in the educational and training activities of the institution.113 This program may be referred to as the "Visiting Scholars Program".

(b) SELECTION AND APPOINTMENT OF SCHOLARS.

(1) Scholars participating in the Visiting Scholars Program shall be selected by a five-member board described in subsection (c).

(2) Each visiting scholar shall serve a term of one year, except that such term may be extended for one additional oneyear period.

(c) ESTABLISHMENT OF SELECTION BOARD.-The board referred to in subsection (b) shall be composed of the director of the institution,113 who shall serve as chairperson, and four other members appointed by the Secretary of State.

CHAPTER 8-FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY

SUBCHAPTER 1-FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY

SYSTEM

125

SEC. 801.126 ADMINISTRATION OF THE SYSTEM.-In accordance with such regulations as the President may prescribe, the Secretary of State shall administer the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System (hereinafter in this subchapter 127 referred to as the "System"), originally established pursuant to section 18 of the Act of May 24, 1924 (43 Stat. 144).

SEC. 802.128 MAINTENANCE OF THE FUND.-The Secretary of the Treasury shall maintain the special fund known as the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund (hereinafter in this subchapter 127 referred to as the "Fund"), originally created by section 18 of the Act of May 24, 1924 (43 Stat. 144).

SEC. 803.129 PARTICIPANTS.-(a) Except as provided in subsection (d),130 the following members of the Service (hereinafter in this subchapter 127 referred to as "participants") shall be entitled to the benefits of the System:

(1) Every member who is serving under a career appointment or as a career candidate under section 306

(A) in the Senior Foreign Service, or

(B) assigned to a salary class in the Foreign Service Schedule.

(2) Every chief of mission, who is not a participant under paragraph (1), who

(A) has served as chief of mission for an aggregate period of 20 years or more, and

126 See also the retained provisions of the Foreign Service Retirement Amendments of 1976. The heading for subchapter I was added by sec. 402(aX1) of Public Law 99-335 (100 Stat. 609). 128 22 U.S.C. 4041.

127 Section 402(a) and sec. 402(a)(2) of Public Law 99-335 (100 Stat. 609), substituted the words "this subchapter" in lieu of "this chapter" throughout chapter 8, and inserted the words "under this subchapter" after "payable from the Fund" each time it appears.

128 22 U.S.C. 4042.

129 22 U.S.C. 4043.

130 The text of subsec. (a) to this point was added by sec. 414(1) of Public Law 99-335 (100 Stat. 614).

88-541 95-17

(B) has paid into the Fund a special contribution for each year of such service in accordance with section 805.

(b) Any otherwise eligible member of the Service who is appointed to a position in the executive branch by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, or by the President alone, shall not by virtue of the acceptance of such appointment cease to be eligible to participate in the System.

(c) In addition to the individuals who are participants in the System under subsection (a), any individual who was appointed as a Binational Center Grantee and who completed at least 5 years of satisfactory service as such a grantee or under any other appointment under the Foreign Service Act of 1946 may become a participant in the System, and shall receive credit for such service if an appropriate special contribution is made to the Fund in accordance with section 805(d) or (f).

(d) 131 An individual subject to the Foreign Service Pension System (described in subchapter II) is not a participant in this System. SEC. 804.132 DEFINITIONS.-As used in this subchapter, 127 unless otherwise specified, the term

(1) "annuitant" means any individual, including a former participant or survivor, who meets all requirements for an annuity from the Fund under this or any other Act and who has filed a claim for such annuity;

(2) "child" means an individual

(A) who

(i) is an offspring or adopted child of the participant, (ii) is a stepchild or recognized natural child of the participant and who received more than one-half support from the participant, or

(iii) lived with the participant, for whom a petition of adoption was filed by the participant, and who is adopted by the surviving spouse of the participant after the death of the participant;

(B) who is unmarried; and

(C) who

(i) is under the age of 18 years,

(ii) is a student under the age of 22 years (for purposes of this clause, an individual whose 22d birthday occurs before July 1 or after August 31 of the calendar year in which that birthday occurs, and while the individual is a student, is deemed to become 22 years of age on the first July 1 which occurs after that birthday), or

(iii) is incapable of self-support because of a physical or mental disability which was incurred before the individual reached the age of 18 years;

(3) "court" means any court of any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands, and any Indian court as defined by section 201(3) of the Act entitled 'An Act to prescribe penalties for certain acts of violence or intimida

131 Subsec. (d) was added by sec. 414(2) of Public Law 99-335 (100 Stat. 614). 132 22 U.S.C. 4044.