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g. Achille Lauro Hijackers and Other Terrorists: Demand for Apprehension, Prosecution, and Punishment

Partial text of Public Law 99-177 [Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, H.J. Res. 372], 99 Stat. 1037, approved December 12,

1985

SEC. 3. ACHILLE LAURO HIJACKING. (a) The Senate finds that

(1) the four men identified as the hijackers of the Achille Lauro were responsible for brutally murdering an innocent American citizen, Leon Klinghoffer, and for terrorizing hundreds of innocent crew members and passengers for two days; (2) the United States urges all countries to aid in the swift apprehension, prosecution, and punishment of the terrorists;

and

(3) the United States should not tolerate any country providing safe harbor or safe passage to the terrorists.

(b) It is the sense of the Senate that

(1) the United States demands that no country provide safe harbor or safe passage to these terrorists;

(2) the United States expects full cooperation of all countries in the apprehension, prosecution, and punishment of these terrorists;

(3) the United States cannot condone the release of terrorists or the making of concessions to terrorists; and

(4) the United States identify those individuals responsible for the seizure of the Achille Lauro and the cold-blooded murder of Leon Klinghoffer, as well as those countries and groups that aid and abet such terrorist activities, and take the strongest measures to ensure that those responsible for this brutal act against an American citizen are brought to justice.

h. 1984 Act to Combat International Terrorism

Public Law 98–533 [H.R. 6311], 98 Stat. 2706, approved October 19, 1984; as amended by Public Law 99-646 [Criminal Law and Procedure Technical Amendments Act of 1986, S. 1236], 100 Stat. 3592, approved November 10. 1966; Public Law 100-690 [Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, H.R. 5210], 102 Stat. 4181, approved November 18, 1988; Public Law 101-647 [Crime Control Act of 1990; S. 3266], 104 Stat. 4789, approved November 29, 1990; Public Law 103-322 [Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994; H.R. 3355], 108 Stat. 1796, approved September 13, 1994; Public Law 103–359 (Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995; H.R. 4299], 108 Stat. 3423, approved October 14, 1994

AN ACT To combat international terrorism.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SHORT TITLE

SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the "1984 Act to Combat International Terrorism".

TITLE I-REWARDS

FOR INFORMATION

ON INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AUTHORITY OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

SEC. 101. (a) Title 18 of the United States Code is amended by adding the following new chapter after chapter 203:

“CHAPTER 204—REWARDS FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING TERRORIST ACTS

"Sec.

"3071. Information for which rewards authorized.

"3072. Determination of entitlement; maximum amount; Presidential approval; con

[blocks in formation]

"§ 3071. Information for which rewards authorized

"(a) 1 With respect to acts of terrorism primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, the Attorney General may reward any individual who furnishes information

"(1) leading to the arrest or conviction, in any country, of any individual or individuals for the commission of an act of terrorism against a United States person or United States property;

or

“(2) leading to the arrest or conviction, in any country, of any individual or individuals for conspiring or attempting to com

1 Sec. 803(a)(1) of Public Law 103-359 (108 Stat. 3438) inserted subsec. designation (a).

mit an act of terrorism against a United States person or property, or

3) leading to the prevention, frustration, or favorable resolution of an act of terrorism against a United States person or property. "(b) 2 With respect to acts of espionage involving or directed at the United States, the Attorney General may reward any individual who furnished information

"(1) leading to the arrest or conviction, in any country, of any individual or individuals for commission of an act of espionage against the United States;

"(2) leading to arrest or conviction, in any country, of any individual or individuals for conspiring or attempting to commit an act of espionage against the United States; or

"(3) leading to the prevention or frustration of an act of espionage against the United States.

"§3072. Determination of entitlement; maximum amount; Presidential approval; conclusiveness

"The Attorney General shall determine whether an individual furnishing information described in section 3071 is entitled to a reward and the amount to be paid. A reward under this section may be in an amount not to exceed $500,000. A reward of $100,000 or more may not be made without the approval of the President or the Attorney General personally. A determination made by the Attor ney General or the President under this chapter shall be final and conclusive, and no court shall have power or jurisdiction to review it.

"§3073. Protection of identity

"Any reward granted under this chapter shall be certified for payment by the Attorney General. If it is determined that the identity of the recipient of a reward or of the members of the recipient's immediate family must be protected, the Attorney General may take such measures in connection with the payment of the reward as deemed necessary to effect such protection.

"§ 3074. Exception of governmental officials

"No officer or employee of any governmental entity who, while in the performance of his or her official duties, furnishes the information described in section 3071 shall be eligible for any monetary reward under this chapter.

"§ 3075. Authorization for appropriations

"There are authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, $5,000,000 for the purpose of this chapter,

Ҥ 3076. Eligibility for witness security program

"Any individual (and the immediate family of such individual) who furnishes information which would justify a reward by the At torney General under this chapter or by the secretary of State under section 36 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of

2 Ben B12, of Public Law 103-359 (108)

1956 may, in the discretion of the Attorney General, participate in the Attorney General's witness security program authorized under chapter 224 of this title.3

"83077. Definitions

"As used in this chapter, the term

“(1) ‘act of terrorism' means an activity that—

“(A) involves a violent act or an act dangerous to human life that is a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States; and

"(B) appears to be intended

“(i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population;

"(ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or

"(iii) to affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping;"

"(2) 'United States person' means

"(A) a national of the United States as defined in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22));

"(B) an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States as defined in section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(20)); "(C) any person within the United States;

"(D) any employee or contractor of the United States Government, regardless of nationality, who is the victim or intended victim of an act of terrorism by virtue of that employment;

(E) a sole proprietorship, partnership, company, or association composed principally of nationals or permanent resident aliens of the United States; and

"(F) a corporation organized under the laws of the United States, any State, the District of Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States, and a foreign subsidiary of such corporation; 4

"(3) United States property' means any real or personal property which is within the United States or, if outside the United States, the actual or beneficial ownership of which rests in a United States person or any Federal or State governmental entity of the United States; 4

"(4)5 'United States',6 when used in a geographical sense, includes Puerto Rico and all territories and possessions of the United States;

3 Sec. 46 of Public Law 99-646 (100 Stat. 3601) struck out "title V of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970" at this point and inserted in lieu thereof “chapter 224 of this title".

Sec. 3572 of Public Law 101-647 (104 Stat. 4929) struck out a period at the end each of paras.(1), (2), (3), and (5), inserted in lieu thereof a semicolon; and struck out a period at the end of (6) and inserted in lieu thereof "; and".

Sec. 330021(1) of Public Law 103-322 (108 Stat. 2150) corrected the spelling of "kidnapping". Sec. 7051 of Public Law 100-690 (102 Stat. 4401) restated sec. 3077(4). This text was formerly designated as "(A)". Para. (B) was struck out; it read as follows:

"B) when used in the context of section 3073 shall have the meaning given to it in the Immigration onality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).".

lic Law 101-647 (104 Stat. 4929) reversed the comma and quotation mark.

"(5) 'State' includes any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any other possession or territory of the United States; 4

"(6) 'government entity' includes the Government of the United States, any State or political subdivision thereof, any foreign country, and any state, provincial, municipal, or other political subdivision of a foreign country;7

"(7) 'Attorney General' means the Attorney General of the United States or that official designated by the Attorney General to perform the Attorney General's responsibilities under this chapter; and 7

"(8)7 act of espionage' means an activity that is a violation of

"(A) section 793, 794, or 798 o title 18, United States Code; or

"(B) section 4 of the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950.".

(b) The chapter analysis of part II of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding after the item relating to chapter 203 the following new item:

"204. Rewards for information concerning terrorists acts and espionage 8 3071".

SEC. 102.9 *

AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE

TITLE II-INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

INCREASING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO COMBAT TERRORISM

SEC. 201. (a) The President is urged to seek more effective international cooperation in combatting international terrorism, including

(1) severe punishment for acts of terrorism, which endanger the lives of diplomatic staff, military personnel, other government personnel, or private citizens; and

(2) extradition of all terrorists and their accomplices to the country where the terrorist incident occurred or whose citizens were victims of the incident.

(b) High priority should also be given to negotiations leading to the establishment of a permanent international working group which would combat international terrorism by

(1) promoting international cooperation among countries; (2) developing new methods, procedures, and standards to combat international terrorism;

(3) negotiating agreements for exchanges of information and intelligence and for technical assistance; and

(4) examining the use of diplomatic immunity and diplomatic facilities to further international terrorism.

7Sec. 803(b) of Public Law 103-359 (108 Stat. 3429) struck out "and" at the end of para. (6), replaced the period at the end of para. (7) with "; and"; and added a new para. (8).

Sec. 803(c) of Public Law 103-359 (108 Stat. 3429) added reference to espionage.

Sec. 102 amended the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 by adding a new sec.

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