provide choir-schools, vicars-choral, organists, and choir-masters. It is our misfortune, not our fault. Of course, all our clergy, from the Pope downwards, recite the Psalms appointed in the office for each day, and a great many more of these are said or sung in the Breviary daily office than in the matins and evensong of the Prayer Book. GEORGE ANGUS.

St. Andrews, N.B.

PREBENDARY VICTORIA (8th S. ix. 329, 377; x. 14, 54). With reference to this subject, a "Prebenda Regis was proposed in another instance more than seven hundred years ago. Hackington College, near Canterbury, which Archbishop Baldwin attempted to found in 1186, was to consist of sixty to seventy_prebendaries, one stall assigned to the king, and one to each bishop, who, however, were to endow and appoint each his prebendary and vicar. See Bishop Stubbs's introduction to 'Epistolæ Cantuariensis,' vol. ii., Rolls Series, No. 38, which contains a full account of this dispute. The monks of Canterbury prevented this design being carried out.

In place of a reply I send another query. Where is there a portrait of the archbishop?

D. Chalmers's 'Dictionary' says the archbishop's father was Robert Warham, of a genteel family at Okely, in Hampshire.

C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. Longford, Coventry. According to Wood's 'Ath. Oxon.' and Foster's Alum. Oxon.' his father's name was Robert.

G. F. R. B. EMACIATED FIGURES (8th S. viii. 386, 464, 509; ix. 152, 254, 478).-One of the finest examples, which has not been alluded to by any of your correspondents, is the tomb of Archbishop Chicheley, in Canterbury Cathedral. I remember forty years ago the description of it given by the showman who then accompanied visitors round the church. "Above you sees the Harchbishop in his Harchbishop's robes, and below you sees him as he lays a copse." "In the course of many wanderings on the Continent, I only remember one example, viz., in the Abbey Church of St. Martin, at Laon. This is a mural tablet without a date, but I should judge it to be of about the middle of the sixteenth

"TROUBLE " USED INTRANSITIVELY (8th S. x. should have taken it for granted that he was not 45).—I did wrong to challenge PROF. SKEAT. I mistaken, and asked, if I wrote at all, for information. He has produced his ancient authority, also his modern; the existence of the latter I never doubted, nor did I doubt that the phrase was common and widely understood-many real solecisms are that. Still, from Mandeville and 'Piers Plowman' to the Century Dictionary' and Venn's 'Symbolic Logic' (1881) is a long step, or, in modern slang, a far cry; and I should like to see quotations from writers of classical English of, say, the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. But PROF. SKEAT thinks such may be found; and so, in deference to his far better knowledge, I write my recantation. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

Longford, Coventry. In the following scrap of quotation we have "trouble" so used, the context showing that the meaning is "be troubled or concerned":

"As I troubled to know the sequele of my adventures, Ennoramita came to see me," &c.-Wiliam Browne, trans. Gomberville's Polexander' (1647), ii.-iv., 178.

Any one familiar with recent American newspapers or light literature of an inferior order must remember the Transatlantic use of oversleep and overwork as intransitives. F. H.

Marlesford.

ANGELICA CATALANI (8th S. ii. 485; iii. 113, 211, 272; x. 62).-If I may trust my memory in a matter reaching back near upon half a century, Dr. Stephen Elvey, organist of New College, once told me that Angelica Catalani, with a voice "like an angel," was capable of singing so sadly out of tune (sharp, I think he said) as to be quite painful. If so, a good musician might well say that "for her singing he wouldn't give a groat"; and Mary Lamb's epigram, with its reference to Cara

that (according to Las Casas), "his hair, which was in his youthful days of a light colour, soon turned to grey, and at thirty years of age it was quite white." CONSTANCE RUSSELL.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

The English Dialect Dictionary. Edited by Joseph Wright, M.A.-Part I. A to Ballot. (Frowde.) MOST sincerely do we congratulate the English Dialect Society upon the beginning of its important task. Our congratulations are not offered to the Society alone, but to all concerned with the literature, antiquities, and folklore of England-to all, in fact, interested in the preservation of our old speech, old thought, old custom, and old lore. "Begun is half done," says a proverb, not wholly true, perhaps, but containing so much truth as justifies its existence among aphorisms of kindred origin. Twenty-three years have been spent in the collection of materials, a task in which some three or four hundred readers have voluntarily assisted. Some of these have naturally during this time joined the majority. The most arduous, though not the most responsible part of the task has now been accomplished, and the ship is at last under weigh. How important is the labour under. taken needs not be told in 'Ñ. & Q.,' in which as soon as elsewhere the demand for a work of the class was expressed. Fortunate indeed will be the following generation, with its lexicon totius Anglicitatis (then it is to be hoped complete), its English Dialect Dictionary,' and its 'Dictionary of Slang and its Analogues. The aim of the present work, a full preface to which is reserved for the completion of volume i., is to supply, so far as possible, complete vocabulary of all English dialect worde which are still in use or are known to have been in use at any time during the last two hundred years in Eng. land, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales," and comprehending also "American and colonial words which are still in use in Great Britain and Ireland, or which are to be found in early printed dialect books and glossaries." It is only within years comparatively recent that the notion of collecting the variations of folk-speech has commended itself to English scholarship. Secure in the possession of treasures the extent or value of which they did not attempt to fathom, our ancestors took little pains to transmit to us unimpaired, according to the advice of Samuel Daniel, the "treasure of our tongue." Very many words are, accordingly, permanently lost, and others are excluded from this work even, inasmuch as no instance of their use can be advanced. Among the words kept back for want of further information is thus badlins out of health, a word with the use of which in the West Riding we have been quite familiar, and one which was immediately recognized by a member of the household to whom we mentioned it. On the whole, there is, however, more cause for gratitude that the task has been begun so soon than for regret that it has been so long deferred. How much work has been accomplished is shown in the select bibliographical list of works consulted which accompanies the first number, and still better in the contents of the number itself. This part includes 2,166 simple and compound words and 500 phrases, illustrated by 8,536 quotations. All the ground now occupied has, of course, been previously covered by the Oxford Dictionary,' and some of the information supplied is necessarily the same. The later work is complementary to the other, and the two to students of philology are equally indispensable. Take, for instance, the word addle to earn, a word in com

mon use in the Northern counties, though unknown in Scotland. The Oxford Dictionary' treats this as it was The Dialect Dictionary' gives such (locally) familiar in early literature, before its use became purely dialectal. use as "Ah addled t' brass," "I earned the money." Full definitions or accounts are given of such vulgar pleasantries as making an apple-pie bed-a form of torture in general use in England, but unknown, perhaps, where sheets, necessary, apparently, to its carrying out, are not univereal. The present work, moreover, does not burden its pages with derivations, such not coming within its scope. It supplies, instead, full information as to the counties or districts in which a word is in use. A simple and easy system of indicating pronunciation is adopted. The task of compilation and organization has fallen into the most competent hands, and Dr. Wright and bis assistants are has been, up to the present, accomplished. Support will to be congratulated upon the manner in which their task not be wanting to work so excellent in aim and so praiseworthy in accomplishment. We commend to our readers a publication on the further progress of which we hope to have much to say.

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Geofrey Phipps Hornby, G.C.B. By Mrs. Fred Egerton. (Blackwood & Sons.) IT is easy to cavil at the devotion to Admiral Hornby of a volume of four hundred and odd pages. A record of his services might well, it may be urged, have been left to Prof. Laughton in some supplementary volume to the great 'Dictionary of National Biography. It is at least certain that, if a similar amount of space were assigned to all our great sea-captains, naval biography would assume portentous dimensions, and would demand a disproportionate and preponderating space in our libraries. While conceding these things, however, we feel it hard to condemn, or, indeed, award anything except praise to a very readable book, a portion, at least, of which is of historical importance, and the whole of which is a pious tribute from an affectionate daughter to a worthy father. That the name Phipps Hornby will not rank with those of our greatest naval heroes is due to chance alone. A bold, resourceful, and competent man, with an inherited love of his profession, he rendered great and peaceful service to his country, won the friendship and esteem of those with whom he was thrown into closest association, was a silent force in the history of his country, and merited the honours accorded him. "A peerage or Westminster Abbey was predicted for him, and would doubtless under different-we dare not say happier-circumstances have been his. To win either, however, as in the case of Gray's obscure hero, "his lot forbade," compelling him to remain a useful and worthy rather than a brilliant servant of his country and the Crown. On 3 Nov., 1840, Hornby served as a midshipman on board the Princess Charlotte when the British fleet, under Admirals Stopford and Napier, bombarded St. Jean d'Acre. No opportunity for specially distinguishing himself was afforded the young sailor, and the biographer is compelled eadly to own that this was "the only time in his life that Geoffrey Hornby saw a shot fired in anger." not therefore be supposed that he did not render his country fine service. Peace," says Milton, in a noble and often-quoted line, addressed to Oliver Cromwell,

hath her victories

It must

No less renowned than war, and in these Hornby took a noble part. In command of the Mediterranean fleet from 1877 to 1880, he went with it to Besika Bay, close to the entrance of the Dardanelles, when the news was received that the Russians had crossed the Danube. At this point the volume becomes deeply interesting. Few except those who know or have studied the history of that period are

aware how near we were to a European conflagration. His energies were bent upon retarding the Russian advance on Constantinople, and he urged strongly and persistently upon the Government the expediency of strengthening and holding the lines of Bulan. Did space permit, we could extract from this portion of the volume many passages of keenest historic interest, and actions which we might almost put down as deeds of prowess. We specially commend to the readers the despatch to the Right Hon. W. H. Smith, dated from Besika Bay, 8 Feb., 1878 (pp. 234 et seq.). With these events of contemporary history we are not called upon to deal. Some few facts worthy of the attention of the folk-lorist are sent from places visited by young Hornby. As a whole, however, his impressions concerning places and things which he has seen are more interesting from the point of revelation of an honest, worthy, sturdy, thoroughly English lad than for any remarkable powers of observation or discernment they reveal. Three well-executed portraits of Hornby at various ages add to the attraction of a book destined to a large, though scarcely, perhaps, an enduring popularity.

The Life of Sir Henry Halford, Bart. By William Munk, M.D. (Longmans & Co.)

SIR HENRY HALFORD's name is prominent among the great English physicians of past times. We doubt, indeed, whether any member of the medical profession ever attained so wide a popularity. It is not easy to account for this, for Sir Henry made no brilliant discovery in the art of healing, and, even if he had, such things rarely appeal to a very wide circle. He was the chief medical adviser of the royal family for a long period; but this alone, though it may ensure wealth and a certain measure of popularity in the upper ranks of society, cannot count for much elsewhere. We believe the chief reason why Sir Henry was so widely known and so much admired to be that he possessed a charm of manner and a power of sympathy with suffering such as is given to few. He was, to put it tersely, as well as an accomplished physician, a refined gentleman, who almost always said and did the right thing and at the right moment. Very few people are judges of those who minister to our wants in hours of suffering, but we all of us know whether our medical attendant's manners are brusque or gentle. Sir Henry Halford was of opinion that in most cases of illness very much depends on the state of mind of the patient. He therefore made it his study to give harmless pleasure and relaxation whenever it was possible. The duty of doing this is now so well known that it seems hardly necessary to dwell upon it; but when Sir Henry began to practise at Leicester, more than a hundred years ago, this was very far from being a generally accepted doctrine. We have heard, indeed, that some of the old practitioners culti vated a certain roughness of manner, thinking, it may be, that by such means they were the more likely to have their orders obeyed to the letter.

Sir Henry Halford's father, James Vaughan, was a medical practitioner living at Leicester. He seems to have had a large practice and to have been a man of high character. When he had attained a moderate competency, which he did early in life, he made up his mind not to save money for his children, but to devote the whole of his yearly income derived from his profession to giving his children the best education in his power. His eldest son it was known was to inherit the estate of Wistow, in Leicestershire. He, however, died young, and his next brother Henry, the subject of the present memoir, inherited the succession. He did not, however, come into possession of the property until 1814, when he assumed the name of Halford. The Halfords had been

settled at Wistow since the beginning of the seventeenth century. They were Royalists, and one of them had entertained Charles I. on more than one occasion. For some years before he succeeded to the Leicestershire estates his income had been very large. A table of Sir Henry's professional receipts, is given, from 1792, when it amounted but to the modest sum of 2207., to 1809, when it amounted to 9,850.

We are not called upon to enter into any details regarding Sir Henry Halford's medical career, but may notice that it was probably on account of his personal intimacy with the Prince Regent that he was called upon, in the year 1813, to be one of the very few persons who were present at the opening of the coffin of King Charles I. Dr. Munk gives an account of what occurred, somewhat abridged from the record prepared by Sir Henry in obedience to the command of the Prince Regent.

Sir Henry Halford was elected in 1820 President of the Royal College of Physicians, a post which he filled for nearly a quarter of a century. In 1809 he was created a baronet. A special friendship existed between the Duke of York and Sir Henry. On the death of the former, the king, to mark the special attention which Sir Henry had bestowed on his patient during his deathillness, granted him a white rose as an augmentation to his arms and two emus as supporters. Dr. Munk says that this is "the only instance in English heraldry of the grant of supporters to a practising physician."

Dr. Munk, we gather, laments that classical scholarship is not so common among members of the medical profession as it was in the early years of the century. Holding, as we do, that no other knowledge, however wide and varied, can supply the place of the two dead languages, we are always sorry when we become aware that this deficiency in scholarship exists in any member of a learned profession. We think, however, that Dr. Munk takes a somewhat gloomy view of things as they now are. There are doctors at the present day-himself among the number-who have a high reputation for that refined scholarship which was so marked a feature in Sir Henry Halford,

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