all, that most mischievous, most despicable fear-the fear of being thought afraid.

5. If you won't take counsel from me, take example from the statesman-like conduct of the noble duke (Wellington), while you also look back, as you may with satisfaction, upon your own. He was told, and you were told, that the impatience of Ireland for equality of civil rights was partial, the clamor transient, likely to pass away with its temporary occasion, and that yielding to it would be conceding to intimidation.

6. I recollect hearing this topic urged within this ball in 1828; less regularly I heard it than I have now done, for I belonged not to your number-but I heard it urged in the selfsame terms. The burden of the cry was: It is no time for concession; the people are turbulent, and the association dangerous. That summer passed, and the ferment subsided not; · autumn came, but brought not the precious fruit of peace-on the contrary, all Ireland was convulsed with the unprecedented conflict which returned the great chief of the Catholics to sit in a Protestant Parliament.

7. Winter bound the earth in chains, but it controlled not the popular fury, whose surge, more deafening than the tempest, lashed the frail bulwarks of law founded upon injustice. Spring came; but no ethereal mildness was its harbinger or followed in its train: the Catholics became stronger by every month's delay, displayed a deadlier resolution, and proclaimed their wrongs in a tone of louder defiance than before. And what course did you, at this moment of greatest excitement, and peril, and menace, deem it most fitting to pursue?

8. Eight months before you had been told how unworthy it would be to yield when men clamored and threatened. No change had happened in the interval, save that the clamors were become far more deafening, and the threats, beyond com parison, more overbearing. What, nevertheless, did your lordships do? Your duty: for you despised the cuckoo-note of the season, "Be not intimidated." You granted all that the Irish demanded, and you saved your country.

9. Was there in April a single argument advanced which had not held good in July? None, absolutely none, except the new height to which the danger of long delay had risen, and the increased vehemence with which justice was demanded; and yet the appeal to your pride, which had prevailed in July, was in vain made in April, and you wisely and patriotically granted what was asked, and ran the risk of being supposed to yield through fear. But the history of Catholic claims conveys another important lesson.

10. Though in right, and policy, and justice, the measure of relief could not be too ample, half as much as was received with little gratitude when so late wrung from you, would have been hailed, twenty years before, with delight; and even the July preceding the measure would have been received as a boon freely given, which, I fear, was taken with but sullen satisfaction in April as a right long withheld..

11. Yet, blessed be God, the debt of justice, though tardily, was at length paid, and the noble duke won by it civic honors, which rival his warlike achievements in lasting brightness-than which there can be no higher praise. What, if he had still listened to the topics of intimidation and inconsistency which had scared his predecessors? He might have proved his obstinacy, and Ireland would have been sacrificed.

LORD BROUGHAM.

OF

33. THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH IN IRELAND.

Fall the institutions now existing in the civilized world, the Established Church of Ireland seems to me the most absurd. Is there any thing else like it? Was there ever any thing else like it? The world is full of ecclesiastical establishments. But such a portent as this Church of Ireland 18 nowhere to be found.

2. Look round the continent of Europe. Ecclesiastical establishments from the White Sea to the Mediterranean,

ecclesiastical establishments from the Wolga to the Atlantic; but nowhere the church of a small minority enjoying exclusive establishment.

3. Look at America! There you have all forms of Chris tianity, from Mormonism-if you call Mormonism Christianity -to Romanism. In some places you have the voluntary system. In some you have several religions connected with the State. In some you have the solitary ascendency of a single church.

4. But nowhere, from the Arctic Circle to Cape Horn, do you find the church of a small minority exclusively established. In one country alone-in Ireland alone-is to be seen the spectacle of a community of eight millions of human beings, with a church which is the church of only eight hundred thousand!

5. Two hundred and eighty-five years has this church been at work. What could have been done for it in the way of authority, privileges, endowments, which has not been done? Did any other set of bishops and priests in the world ever receive so much for doing so little?

6. Nay, did any other set of bishops and priests in the world ever receive half as much for doing twice as much? And what have we to show for all this lavish expenditure? What, but the most zealous Roman Catholic population on the face of the earth? On the great, solid mass of the Roman Catholic population you have made no impression whatever. There they are, as they were ages ago, ten to one against the members of your Established Church. Explain this to me. I speak to you, the zealous Protestants on the other side of the house. Explain this to me on Protestant principles.

7. If I were a Roman Catholic, I could easily account for the phenomenon. If I were a Roman Catholic, I should content myself with saying that the, mighty hand and the out stretched arm had been put forth, according to the promise, in defence of the unchangeable Church; that He, who, in the old time, turned into blessings the curses of Balaam, and smote

the host of Sennacherib, had signally confounded the arts and the power of heretic statesmen.

8. But what is the Protestant to say? Is this a miracle, that we should stand aghast at it? Not at all. It is a result which human prudence ought to have long ago foreseen, and long ago averted. It is the natural succession of effect to cause. A church exists for moral ends. A church exists to be loved, to be reverenced, to be heard with docility, to reign in the understandings and hearts of men. A church which is abhorred is useless, or worse than useless; and to quarter a hostile church on a conquered people, as you would quarter a soldiery, is, therefore, the most absurd of mistakes.

T. B. MACAULEY.

84. SATIRICAL EXTRACT FROM A SPEECH OF MR. CANNING ON THE ADDRESS (1825).

[Satire demands a good-natured, dignified earnestness; rising or falling circumflexes on emphatic words depending upon positive or negative utterances of irony or satire. The second sentence in the extract below affords a fine opportunity for these circumflexes. In the quotation the voice should be raised, and the quotation uttored as if a particular point was to be made. All "Dennis's" speeches should be given with a foolish assurance-which always produces exactly the opposite conclusion from what is intended. Then, in the application, apply the circumflexes.-See Remarks on Inflection and Circumflex.]

I

NOW turn to that other part of the honorable and learned gentleman's (Mr. Brougham) speech, in which he acknowl edges his acquiescence in the passages of the Address, echoing the satisfaction felt at the success of the liberal commercial principles adopted by this country, and at the steps taken for recognizing the new States of America.

2. It does happen, however, that the honorable and learned gentleman, being not unfrequently a speaker in this house, nor very concise in his speeches, and touching occasionally, as he proceeds, on almost every subject within the range of his imagination, as well as making some observations on

the matters on hand, and having at different periods proposed and supported every innovation of which the law or constitution of the country is susceptible, it is impossible to innovate, without appearing to borrow from him.

3. Either, therefore, we must remain forever locked up as in a northern winter, or we must break our way out by some mode already suggested by the honorable and learned gentleman: and then he cries out, "Ah, I was there before you! That is what I told you to do; but, as you would not do it then, you have no right to do it now."

4. In Queen Anne's reign there lived a very sage and able critic, named Dennis, who in his old age was the prey of a strange fancy, that he had himself written all the good things in all the good plays that were acted. Every good passage that he met with in any author he insisted was his own. "It is none of his," Dennis would always say; "it is mine."

5. He went one day to see a new tragedy. Nothing particularly good, to his taste, occurred, till a scene in which a great storm was represented. As soon as he had heard the thunder rolling overhead, he exclaimed, "That's my thunder!" So it is with the honorable and learned gentleman—it's all his thunder! It will henceforth be impossible to confer any boon, or make any innovation, but he will claim it as his thunder.

6. But it is due to him to acknowledge that he does not claim every thing. He will be content with the exclusive merit of the liberal measures relating to trade and commerce. Not desirous of violating his own principles, by claiming a monopoly of foresight and wisdom, he kindly throws overboard to my honorable and learned friend (Sir J. Mackintosh) near him, the praise of South America.

7. I should like to know whether, in some degree, this also is not his thunder. He thinks it right in itself; but, lest we should be too proud if he approved our conduct in toto, he thinks it wrong in point of time. I differ from him essentially: for, if I pique myself on any thing in this affair, it is on the time.