CAMPBELL OF CRAIGNISH (7th S. i. 109).-Baron Craignish is very far removed from being the head of this old family, although he is descended from it in more than one line of descent. His greatgrandfather, Farquhar Campbell, married, as his second wife, Margaret, daughter of Dugald Campbell of Craignish, by his wife Helinor Smollett; and this Farquhar was himself the son of Ronald Campbell of Laggan Lochan, by his second wife, Marion McNeil, of the Colonsay family, which Ronald was seised heir (Retours, Inq. Gen., No. 4407) in 1658 to his father Farquhar Camp bell of Laggan Lochan, who was the third, but second surviving, son of Ronald Campbell of Craignish. The present Craignish is descended from the second, but eldest surviving, son of the last-named Ronald, and he objected very strongly, though without effect, to the name being selected as his title by so distant a cadet as the baron.

G. B. S.

My great-grandfather, Sir James Campbell of Inverneill, M. P. for Stirling (b. 1739), was, I understand, at a family meeting of Campbells, declared the head of the clan Chearlach, and the lineal representative of the Craignish family; and I have an old document, or a copy, of about the same period, with the signatures to that effect. He was succeeded by his son, General Sir James Campbell, Bart., of Inverneill; but on his death the baronetcy became extinct. The arms of the Inverneill family are the Craignish galley and the boar's head, with the motto, "Fit via vi." Who "Ronald Campbell, Baron Craignish" can be, I SCOTUS.

have no idea.

The Ronald Campbell, Baron Craignish, mentioned in the Almanach de Gotha' as A. D. C. to

G. F. R. B.

MEMOIRS OF DANIEL O'CONNELL (7th S. i. 70). -W. T. asks whether any letters of Daniel O'Connell are in existence. The Liberator's second son, Morgan O'Connell, who died just a year ago in Dublin, gave a large quantity of his father's papers to the editor of a small sixpenny magazine_published in Dublin by M. H. Gill & Son, the Irish Monthly, of which I send you the current number, containing the twenty-first instalment of " The O'Connell Papers," in the shape of unpublished letters by Spring Rice (the first Lord Monteagle), Smith O'Brien, and Thomas Davis.. The publication of these "O'Connell Papers" began in the Irish Monthly for May, 1882, with a diary kept by O'Connell from 1798 to 1802, and giving some of his earliest letters. As O'Connell long survived his wife, he probably destroyed the letters which she had treasured up, whereas there are piles of Mrs. O'Connell's letters carefully preserved. Naturally, also, this collection chiefly consists of the letters addressed to O'Connell. Among those published in the volumes of the magazine for 1882, 1883, and 1884 (there are none in that for 1885), the most noticeable are several letters from Jeremy Bentham, William Cobbett, and Henry Brougham. The series will be continued henceforth without interruptions.

M. R.

ROBINSON CRUSO (7th S. i. 89, 137).-Cruzo as surname occurs in Holy Cross, Canterbury, as early as 1659. Defo occurs in 1693, while Friday is found in the registers of the neighbouring parish of St. Dunstan in the eighteenth century. I cannot give the earliest mention of this last name, as my copy of the St. Dunstan's registers is in the printer's hands. J. M. Cowper,

Canterbury.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

The Student's Modern Europe.-A History of Modern Europe. By Richard Lodge. (Murray.) THE importance of teaching European history in our schools is so obvious that it need hardly be insisted on in these pages. It is, however, only in these latter days that our schoolmasters have begun to recognize the fact that a knowledge of modern history is a desirable acquisition. We are disposed to think that such a knowledge is more likely to be of practical use than the hazy ideas of the Greek and Roman history which most boys acquire during their school career and forget directly afterwards. It has necessarily a greater living interest, containing as it does the explanation of what is actually going on all around us, and consequently it is not so easily forgotten

as the history of bygone ages.

To write a history of modern Europe within the limit of a single volume is no light or easy task. Mr. Lodge, however, has accomplished his work in a very creditable manner, and his book supplies a want which has long been felt. The period which it embraces is from the fall of Constantinople in 1453 to the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Except where it is directly connected with that of the European states, the history of England has very properly been omitted from this volume of the "Student's Manuals." Though of necessity but an epitome of European history, the author has successfully avoided the bald. ness of a mere chronological summary. His work has been carefully compiled, and is written in an interesting style. There is a capital index, as well as a very full chronological table of the principal historical events of the period. We regret the absence of maps and illustrations, both of which are of special importance in a book intended for schools. These, however, are omissions which may be easily remedied. A few coloured maps, showing distinctly the boundaries of the various European kingdoms at different periods of the history would materially increase the usefulness of the book. With the assistance of these the learner would be better able to grasp the actual situation of affairs. Should Mr. Lodge be at a loss for illustrations, a visit to the Medal Room of the British Museum will supply him with plenty of subjects for illustrating the second edition.

Moon Lore. By the Rev. Timothy Harley, F.R.A.S. (Sonnenschein & Co.)

FROM the earliest days of primitive man the moon has been a constant object of popular superstition. Even now, in the closing years of the nineteenth century, the notion that the weather changes with the moon's quarters still holds its ground in the minds of many educated people, who in these days of meteorological charts and warnings should know better. The custom of turning all the silver in our pockets at the first sight of the new moon is equally familiar to all of us, though we may perhaps be a little sceptical as to the practical effect produced by the operation. From our childhood we have been acquainted with the man in the moon, who "came down too soon, and asked his way to Norwich "; but if asked why that old Sabbath-breaker wanted to know his way to such a dull and respectable cathedral city we should most of us be at loss for an answer.

In spite of the warning which John Lilly gives in his prologue to Endymion," "There liveth none under the sunne that knows what to make of the man in the moone," Mr. Harley became so fascinated with this world-wide myth that he was determined to investigate it" in its legendary and ludicrous aspects." The result of these investigations is 'Moon Lore,' in which he treats of moon spots, moon worship, and moon superstitions,

concluding with an essay on moon inhabitation. Mr. Harley has consulted many authorities, and brought together much interesting information on the subject The treatise on lunar inhabitation seems a little out of which hitherto has been scattered about in many books. place in a volume like the present; and we are hardly tified by science, reason, and analogy in considering that prepared to believe with Mr. Harley that ". we are justhe moon is inhabited." We must also take exception in an appendix, instead of placing them at the bottom of to the most annoying plan of putting all the references the page in the ordinary way. It is true that the list of 465 references looks very imposing, but this is no consolation to the reader who has to hunt about at the end of the book for the name of the authority which is being quoted.

Legends and Superstitions of the Sea and of Sailors in all Lands and at all Times. By Fletcher S. Basset, Lieut. U.S. Navy. (Chicago and New York, Belford, Clarke & Co.)

IN compiling such a book as this Mr. Basset undertakes a task of considerable magnitude. As Buckle observed, "The credulity of sailors is notorious, and every literature contains evidence of the multiplicity of their superstitions, and of the tenacity with which they cling to them." The subject is far too wide to be capable of exhaustive treatment within the limits of a single volume. If we were to find fault with Mr. Basset, we should be inclined to blame him for being too concise. In his attempt to get an enormous mass of information within the five hundred pages of his book he has evidently been compelled to cut his stories short. Some of the legends have considerably suffered from this treatment, which makes the book less interesting to the general reader than it might have otherwise been. This enforced brevity is also sometimes misleading. Mr. Basset, for instance, states that "Linnæus, in his first editions of his work, avows his belief in the kraken." This is true, no doubt, to a certain extent; for did not Linnæus catalogue it in the first edition of his 'Systema Natura,' as Sepia microcosmos? But as he omitted it from the next edition, we may fairly conclude that the great naturalist had some good cause for discrediting his earlier conclusions on the subject. Again, Mr. Basset is partially correct in saying that "Denys de Montfort gives a picture of a kraken." De Montfort undoubtedly professed to believe in the existence of that animal, and in his 'Histoire Naturelle Générale et Particulière des Mollusques' he does give a picture of the "poulpe colossal," which, by the way, was considered to be distinct from the kraken. But Mr. Basset forgets to caution his readers against De Montfort's statements. The picture was probably nothing more than a deliberate hoax, as he is reported to have said to M. Defranc that "if my entangled ship is accepted, I will make my colossal poulpe' overthrow a whole fleet," a threat which he actually carried into execution in his remarkable story about the six French men-of-war captured by Rodney in the West Indies in 1782.

Amongst the accounts of the sea-serpents we are surprised at not finding any notice of Major Senior's interview with one in the Gulf of Aden in January, 1879, or of Commander Pearson's report to the Admiralty of the monster which was seen off Cape Vito by the officers of the royal yacht Osborne in June, 1877. Mr. Basset has, however, by patient labour and much research, brought together an immense quantity of folk-lore relating to the sea and much there is (and is not) therein. For this he is entitled to the thanks of all who are interested in sea-lore. We should add that the book is supplied with a number of illustrations, the first of which, viz., "The

Hand of Satan on the Sea of Darkness," is of a most blood-curdling description. Since we received Mr. Basset's volume we have learnt that it has also been published in London by Messrs. Sampson Low & Co. The Life of the Very Rev. Thomas N. Burke, O.P. By William J. Fitzpatrick, F.S.A. 2 vols. (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.)

To our correspondent Mr. W. J. Fitzpatrick, the biographer of Charles Lever, readers are indebted for a bright and able account of the life of Father Burke, the eminent Dominican. A close and attentive perusal of the work enables us to speak in warm praise of its method of narration, the picturesqueness of the style, and the insight it furnishes into the character of a man who, besides being a brilliant and an impassioned orator, was also an Irish humourist of the first water. To do justice to the book, however, a critic should be on the same side as Father Burke in religion and in politics. Matter suggesting controversy is, of course, constantly met, and the views concerning the relations between Ireland and England are such as have not yet, at least, found acceptance in this country. Our eulogy has, accordingly, to be given with the reservation that the book is suited to those only who sympathize-to some extent, at least with Hibernian aspirations, political and theological. To such the picture of Irish life and character is both entertaining and edifying. Much, indeed, is to be learned concerning the serious aspects of Irish thought and feeling. It is needless to say, however, that the book is not uniformly or even continuously serious, and that it is enlivened by the brightest flashes of Hibernian wit. With Father Burke himself the reader must make acquaintance in Mr. Fitzpatrick's pages. The man is too many-sided to be described in a few lines. Recognition of his merits has not been confined to Englishspeaking countries, and France and Italy knew him almost as well as England and America. One great feature of a biographer-the best, perhaps, of all-Mr. Fitzpatrick possesses. So wrapt up is he in his subject, his own individuality is never allowed to assert itself, and the entire work, like a good story, gains by the apparent unconsciousness of the narrator.

MISS MARY LOUISA BOYLE having produced catalogues raisonné of the portraits at Hinchingbrook and Longleat, bas done the like with regard to the collection of similar works at Earl Cowper's famous seat, and styled it a Biographical Catalogue of the Portraits at Panshanger (Stock). Although not marked by depth of research or much new matter, and somewhat in need of condensation, it cannot be denied that Miss Boyle's chatty and lively compilation is exactly the companion one would wish for when in the society of a number of persons of renown as represented by their portraits. Panshanger contains many excellent works of art, but the artistic element of the collection does not enter

transcript of the Ordinary from 'Mr. Thomas Jenyns's Booke of Armes,' the conclusion of the editor's biographical sketch of Elias Ashmole, and a paper by the Rev. J. C. Atkinson on the 'Varying Area of the Čarucate.'

A FACSIMILE of William Chafin's Anecdotes of Cranbourn Chase' is being printed for private circulation by General Pitt Rivers. The work is being carried out by Mr. Elliot Stock, who will reserve for sale a few copies.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices : address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but ON all communications must be written the name and as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

ALPHA ("The Distressed Lovers").-This is the second title of The Double Falsehood,' founded by Lewis Theobald_upon a MS. play in his possession, and acted at Drury Lane Dec. 13, 1727, with Booth in the part of Julio, his last. Theobald, who said he had three MS. copies of the original, one of which was in the handwriting of Downes, the prompter, author of 'Roscius Anglicanus,' endeavoured, without success, to convince the world that it was by Shakspeare. Dr. Farmer's supposition that the MS. is by Shirley has met with favour. Malone believed it to be by Massinger. The plot is taken from the story of Cardenio in 'Don Quixote.'

of Angelica and Medoro is told in Ariosto's Orlando PEROY HOBSON ("Angélique and Medor").-The story Furioso.' Medoro, page to Agramante, of humble birth but great beauty, is wounded in combat and nursed by Angelica, whom he marries. See Brewer's Handbook.'

WILLARD FISKE(" Bannerman Family").-The notice to a correspondent, ante, p. 80, to which you refer was written in consequence of a contributor sending a string publish his name and address. As the matter consisted of queries of private interest without giving leave to wholly of queries, it could throw no light upon any person or subject.

J. A. LANYAN ("Trisection of the Angle ").-You had better make public your discovery through some mathematical periodical, such as the Messenger of Mathematics,

SARAH A. DANBY (" Danby-Harcourt ").-Until you comply with our instructions at the head of our queries we cannot insert your communication.

A. L., Barbadoes ("Steele's First Wife").-See ante, p. 126.

THE March number of Walford's Antiquarian will contain a further instalment of Mr. J. Greenstreet's

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