hic, inquis, veto, quisquam faxit oletum. They had, no doubt, the same occasion for it, and were equally removed from public cleanliness. The distinction between devotion and Religion may be instanced in the public manners of most Catholic countries: external action is rarely denied; and in appearance, every respect is paid to instituted rites; but, as in Naples, Polichinello is Polichinello still; when the procession is passed; the actors resume the same attitudes and pursue the same intrigues, as before: and the audience retain no trace of the homage they had paid, rather to fashion than to God. in 8vo. of more than 300 pages, and those subjects which require it, are illustrated by plates. Buffon's Naturgeshiches des Menschen, &c. The Natural History of Man, by M. Buffon, translated and accompained with observations, elucidations, and remarks, by M. d'Ulmenstein. Vol. 1. 8vo. pp. 500.-Berlin. 1rxd. 16gr. In all new editions of important scientific works, the most particular attention should be given to discoveries made since the original publicaton of those works, whether such discoveries relate to the principles or details of sciences: this edition of Buffon offers promises of such improvement, which are not fulfilled in the work the observations are not always important or relevant, and the greatest praise due to the editor, is for his attention in having investigated and mentioned a considerable number of voyages and travels, which contain facts exposing the fallacy of many of M. Buffon's rash and unfounded assertions. : Die Obstbamzucht; The Theory and Practice of the cultivation of Fruit Trees, by Th. Theus. 8vo. pp. 400. Halle. 2rxd 6gr. Anales de Historia Natural o de Ciencias Naturales. Annals of Natural History, and Science. 8vo. plates, Madrid. THIS work, of which the 21st Numbers, completing the 7th Volume, is just published, is printed at the Royal Press, at Madrid, and contains a very considerable variety of communications on scientific subjects, by characters of eminence in their different departments, both Spaniards and foreigners. This number contains several papers on BOTANY, on the classification and description of plants newly discovered,-Modes of preparing a hortus siccus; on the medicinal effects of various plants ;-botanical lectures and observations; and biography of celebrated Spanish botanists.-This department contains the productions of Cavanilles, Boutelou, Munnariz, Mariano Lagasca, Jos. Rodriguez, Née, Hettering, Mocinno, Blas Sales, Mutis, Vicente Cervantes, L. de Rieux, and Ventenat.-Papers on Mineralogy, Oryctognosie, Metallurgy, fos-getable kingdom, the same as arranged sils, the classification of minerals and similar subjects, by Hergen, B. C. Anguelles, Parraga, Manuel de Rio, Ramon de la Quadra, Ramon Espinlyra, Werner, Antonie de Arnaud, J. S. Cisneros, Cavanilles, Née, and And. del Rio. On Natural History, by Ignace de Asso and Cavanilles, and on various other subjects, by Humboldt, Guerin, Michaux, Desgennettes, Franseri, Valli, Urena, Vasalli, Rossi, Proust and Bernardo Cobo. Three parts or numbers form one volume, M. THEUS has treated the subjects be fore him in the following order: the first division, containing five chapters, is devoted to a treatise on the vegetation of plants. The second, in six chapters, treats of the general principles to be at tended to in the cultivation of fruit trees, 1. as relating to the quality of the soil, and exposure, suited to an orchard; 2. of pineries: 3. of grafting; 4. of transplantation; 5. of pruning; 6. of external diseases. The third section contains a treatise on the cultivation of different kinds of fruit trees, as divided into their different classes. Two tables offer a view of the ancient Linnean system of the ve in Gmelin's thirteenth edition of Linneus. Plantes de la France; The Plants of France, described and drawn from Nature, by J. St. Hilaire, No. 12. 8fr. pap. ord. 15fr. pap. velin. This number contains, 1. Geranium capitatum. 2. Tanacetum vulgare. 3. Campanula speculum. 4. Genista juncea, 5. Anchusa officinalis. 6. Menyanthes nymphoides. A plate, with the requisite explanation, is devoted to each plant. Gemeinsassliche Anleitung zur Kentniss vessels; those which introduce the blood des Himmils, &c. An Easy Introduction to the Knowledge of Astronomy, Geography and Chronology, by E. F. Rudiger. 1 Vol. 8vo. pp. 580. Plates 75.-6rxd. Leipsic. THIS work is divided into four sections, which treat, 1. of celestial bodies and the general arrangement of the universe; (this division is illustrated by 49 plates.) 2. the earth, its figure, extent, surface and other peculiarities; (accompained by 13 plates.) 3. the computation of time, and the explanation of the calendar; very particular attention has been paid to this division, which occupies nearly one half of the work: the explanation of the calendar is treated astronomically and chronologically; two plates on eclipses elucidate this part. 4. The art of constructing different sorts of horizontal and vertical sun dials: this section presents eleven plates of sun dials, calculated for the longitude of Liepsic. The seventy five plates which accompany this work, are published separately, as an Astronomical Atlas, pr. 3rxd 13gr. Essai sur la Structure et les Fonctions du Foie, &c.-Essay on the Structure and Offices of the Liver; by Charles William Ubersaal, M. D. Assistant Anatomist at the Medical School of Stras burgh. 4to. pp. 67. Strasburgh, Levrault, 1805. THE numerous diseases to which the fiver is liable, the uncertainty which attends their symptoms, the difficulty of curing thein effectually, and the different opinions of Anatomists on the uses and properties of this organ, induce us to record a treatise which evidently is the result of much personal and accurate investigation. In Physiology every original remark has its value; and we never know from what quarter we may be favoured with impor tant discoveries. The work is divided into two sections; the first describes the situation, conformation, and coverings of the liver. With Lonnec and others the author acknowledges two tunics, one external, which he calls the peritoneal tunic, and considers as a continuation of the peritoneum ; another internal, which he calls the proper tunic, different in structure and properties from the former. He then proceeds to describe the blood and those which discharge it: and notices some varieties of conformation, observed by himself. The Lymphatics of this organ have greatly employed his consideration. He divides them into those which are superficial, and those which lie deeper: he describes the progress and termination of both, with more precision than has hitherto been done; having made many injections for the purpose. The nerves which maintain the sensibility of the liver next engage our author's attention: he remarks their origin, progress, and distribution within the liver and describes also the excretory ducts of the bile. He then treats on the distribution of the vessels and nerves in the interior of the liver, down to the very minute glands which form the proper substance (flesh) of this viscus; he proves that the minute glands are composed only of vessels interlaced in different manners, each being enveloped with a continuation. of the cellular membrane of the capsula of Glisson, which also envelopes the bundies of vessels respectively. He describes, at length, the anastomoses of the different vessels in the interior of the glands, and closes his Anatomical illustration of this subject by describing the gall bladder, including its external conformation, and its particular structure. In describing its tunics, he denies the existence of the muscular tunic in man, though many writers maintain the contrary. He carefully explains the structure of the internal membrane and its meshes, respecting which, his researches have been extremely assiduous. He insists that the small glands which Vicq-d'Azyr says, he saw on the internal surface of this tunic, do not exist in the human subject; he then presents a detailed description of the vessels and nerves which form part of the gall bladder, and closes by a description of the canal through which the bile passes. In his second section, which treats on the offices of the liver, M. U. concludes thet the bile is secreted in the liver, and not in the gall bladder : he states his reasons for this conclusion, and proves it by facts which are indisputable. He then considers the uses of the vena porta, and the hepatic artery, in secreting the bile, evincing that the latter has a share in this office. He examines the course of the blood within the liver; supposes its intended for the Military Profession.By Brigade Major Thomas Reide. Crown, 12mo. pp. 219, price 5s. Egerton. London. 1806. A neat little pocket volume; containing well arranged information, which may be of great use among our military men, especially to such of them as only partially embrace the profession of arms." The regulations it comprises do not admit of extracts; but we heartily coincide in the author's recommendation of study to complete the character of a soldier. must, however, wish that he had more strongly insisted on morals; since the absence of these, has most effectually degrad military characters in the public movement to be extremely slow, but quickened by the motions of the diaphragm and the muscles of the lower belly in respiration, and by the activity of the whole body, He adverts also to the origin of hypocondriac distempers. In a following paragraph he examines the ac tion, more or less powerful, of this organ, according to different constitutions, or climates, and explains its principal sympathies with the other viscera. After this the learned author illustrates the phenomena attending the secretion of the bile, the influence of the spleen on this secretion, the quantity of bile secreted in a certain space of time, of the course taken by the bile to enter the duodenum, and of the alterations it under-estimation. goes in the gall bladder. He recounts the different opinions held on the advantages produced by the bile, from Hippocrates to the present time: he examines the physical and chymical properties of this fluid, and concludes by stating the beneficial effects of this secretion on digestion.guages can be acquired, so much the better. It is clearly understood that the treatise here reported not only does honour to the diligence and accuracy of M. Übersaal, but justifies the good opinion of the professors of the Medical School in Strasburgh, who have chosen its author to second M. Lobstein in the duties which befong to the Anatomical theatre of which he is the learned director. To this situation M. U. is beholden for those opportunities of examination, of which the present work offers the results: he has taken advantage of the facility which it afforded him for dissecting very many of the subjects procured for the purpose of teaching anatomy, which are about three hundred, annually; during more than a year he devoted himself to the study of the liver, particularly, which had eminently attracted his attention, on account of the numerous, and we may add the obstinate, and distressing, diseases both to patient and practitioner, to which that Bowel is subject. This article is mostly abstracted from the Magazin Encyclopédique for June, 1806. The Staff Officer's Manual; in which is detailed the duty of Brigade Majors, and Aides de Camp, in Camp, Garrison, Cantonments, on the March, and Field; with a Preliminary Essay cation of young Gentlemen We Those destined for the military profession ought to be early instructed in every branch that can ultimately be of service to them in it. Independent of Latin and Greek, they must make themselves masters of French and German; and if the Italian, and Spanish lan To these must be added, mathematics, geography, fortification, drawing, riding, fencing, &c. an intimate knowledge of ancient and modern history; and the various political interests of the different Enropean powers. That these are to be acquired there can hardly be a doubt. If it unfortunately happen, that the beginner's genius is too limited for them, the idea of his being put into the army ought instantly to be abandoned. With a mediocrity of talents, he may pass with some credit through life in another profession. The science of war embraces all the other sciences; and he who is best instructed will be the fittest to command, from a regiment to a brigade, and from thence to an army. No dunce, however elevated by rank, ́ or possessed of personal courage, ever distinguished himself in the hour of emergency as a military officer. There is no profession that requires greater knowledge and capacity than the army. A British officer is often employed at such a distance from his own country, and has so few opportunities of communication with his government, that he must teach himself to depend more on the resources of his own mind, than the general of any other nation.' There is no service in which extensive views and great knowledge and information will be found so essentially necessary on particular occasions as in ours. We would therefore give the best possible education to an officer; we would instil into his young mind, that if he wished to distinguish himself in his profession, he must commence by laying the foundation of his superiority as a man. |