Exercises.

7 Let each Verb and Participle in the following exercises be pointed out, and its Class and Modification given. I wrote.

Joining the multitude. Retire. Thou art reading. Accustomed to study.

Let us alone James may recite. Willing to be taught.

Permit me to pass. Mary can study. Having seen the Teacher. Let me go.

It is pleasant to ride in a sail-boat.
We are all fond of singing.
Some are accustomed to sing by rote.
The

young ladies ought to have attended the lecture.
By teaching others, we improve ourselves.
Being accustomed to study, we can learn that lesson easily.
Having been censured for idleness, John has resolved to be

diligent.
By endeavoring to please all, we fail to please any.
“To be, or not to be that is the question.”

“Spirit! I feel that thou
Wilt soon depart-
This body is too weak longer to hold
The immortal part.
The ties of earth are loosening,
They soon will break;
And thou, even as a joyous bird,
Thy flight wilt take

To the eternal world."
« Truth crushed to earth will rise again,

The eternal years of God are hers :
But Error, wounded, writhes in pain,

And dies amid her worshipers."
Crushed... .... is (a Participle, from the verb crush;] used here to de

scribe a condition of “ Truth;" hence, a verbal Adjective. Will rise. asserts an act of “ Truth;" hence, a Verb.

has no object; hence, Intransitive.
simply declares; hence, Indicative Mode.

denotes time future; hence, Future Tense. Are........

.asserts being of “years;" hence, a Verb.
has no object; hence, Intransitive.
siinply declares; hence, Indicative Mode.
denotes time present; hence, Present Tense.

Wounded .....is (a Participle, from the verb wound;] used here to lea

scribe a condition of “ Error;' hence, verbal Adjective. Writhes .....

......asserts an act of “Error;" hence, a Verb.

has no object; hence, Intransitive.
simply declares; hence, Indicative Mode.

denotes time present; hence, Present Tense.
“ The surging billows and the gamboling storms

Come crouching to his feet."
Surging.. is (a Participle, from the verb surge.]

used here to describe " billows;" hence, a verbal Adjective, .Gamboling.

...is [a Participle, froin the verb gambol.]

used here to describe “storms;" hence, a verbal Adjective. Come.... asserts an act of “ billows” and “storms;" hence, a Verb

has no object; hence, Intransitive.
simply declares; hence, Indicative Mode.

denotes time present; hence, Present Tense. Crouching....is [a Participle, from the verb crouch.]

used here to modify the act expressed by “come;"

(it declares the manner of coming ;) hence, an Adverb “In the beginning God created the heaven and the eart..." Beginning is (a Participle, from the verb begin.]

used here as the name of an event; hence, a verbal Noun. Created .... asserts an act of “God;" hence, a Verb.

act passes to objects (heaven and earth); hence, Transitive.
simply declares; hence, Indicative Mode.
denotes a particular time past; hence, Past Ter se Definite.

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QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW.

What is a Verb?
What is the first distinction of Verbs ?
What is a Transitive Verb? Intransitive ?
What is a Neuter Verb ?
What are the Modifications of Verbs?
When is a Verb in the Active Voice?
When is a Verb in the Passive Voice ?
How is the Passive Voice of a Verb formed ?
What Verbs take the Passive form ?
What is denoted by the term Mode?
What are the Modes?
When is a Verb in the Indicative Mode ?
When in the Potential ?--the Subjunctive ?
When in the Imperative ?—the Infinitive ?
What is a Participle ?

How are Participles distinguished ?
What is a Present Parliciple ?-how formed?
What is a Past Participle ?-how formed?
What is a Compound Participle ?--how formed ?
To what “Parts of Speech” do Participles belong?
What Participles must be Transitive ?
What Participles may be Transitive ?
What Participles must be Intransitive ?

CONJUGATION OF VERBS. Renl. We have seen that most verbs are varied in form to denote different modes and times of action or being.

They are also varied to correspond with their subjects in Person ang Number. The regular arrangement of the various forms of a verb, is called its

Conjugation. Def. 94. 'A Verb which may be conjugated by one regular method of variation, to indicate its different Modes and Tenses, and to correspond with its Subjects in Person and Number, is called

A Regular Verb. OBS.-A Regular Verb forms its Past Tense Definite and Passive Participle, by adding d or ed to the root of the verb.

EXAMPLES.

Fill..

....Recited.

Present.
Past.

Participle.
Love..
Loved...

Loved.
.Filled..

Filled.
Recite

Recited Def. 95. A Verb whose conjugation is not according to the regular formula, is called

An Irregular Verb.
Def. 96. A Verb that is not used in all of the
Modes and Tenses, is called

A Defective Verb.
Present. Past.

Present. Past.
Can, Could.

Shall,

Should Last. May, Might.

Will,

Would.
Must.

Ought, Ought

Quoth.

Def. 97. A Verb that is prefixed to another verb, or to a Participle, to distinguish the Voice, Mode, or Tense, of the principal verb, is

An Auxiliary Verb.
Pres. Past.

Pres. Past.
Can, Could. Always Shall, Should..
LIST.

May, Might. ) Auxiliary. Must.
Have, Had.

Sometimes Do, Did.
Will, Would. Principal. Be, Am, Was.
OBS.— When used as Auxiliary Verbs-

Can, may, must, shall (used to command); and will

(signifying volition), are the signs of the Present,

Potential.
Could, might, should and would, are the signs of the

Past Tense, Potential.
Have is the sign of the Prior Present Tense, Indica-

tive.
Shall have is the sign of the Prior Future, Indicative.

Prior Present Tense,

Potential.
Might have

Prior Past, Potential.
Had

Prior Past, Indicative.
Shall

Future (First Person).
Will

(Second and Third

Persons)
Do*

Present Indicative (in

tensive form).
Did

Past Tense, Indicative.
Be

Passive Voice, and is used

in all the Modes and
Tenses.

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May have

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. Do, with its variations, often has a very extensive signification--as, "I think as you do." "Edward studies more diligently than we do."

In such instances, do adopts the signification of the previous verb.

“I thiek as you think.” “Edward studies more diligently than we study.”

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S Ye

FORMULÆ OF REGULAR VERBS
Intransitive Verb, WALK.

Walk.
PRESENT INDICATIVE.

Simple form-1

Compound -I am Walking.
Past.

Simple

Walked.
Compound -I was Walking.
DECLENSION.
INDICATIVE Mode.—(Give the Definition.)
Singular.

Plural.

walk 1 Person We walk PRESENT TENSE. Thou walkest

Ye

walk

2 (Give Definition.) You walk

You walk He walks 3

They walk walked 1

We

walked Pašt. Thou walkedst

Ye

walked

2 (Give Def.) You walked

You walked He walked 3

They

walked have walked 1

We have walked PRIOR PRESENT, Thou hast walked

have walked

2 (Give Def.) You have walked

You have walked He has walked 3

They have walked had walked 1

We had walked PRIOR PAST. Thou hadst walked

Ye had walked

2 (Give Def.) You had walked

You had walked He had walked 3

They had walked shall walk 1

We

shall walk FUTURE. Thou wilt walk

Ye 2

will walk (Give De

You will walk will walk 3 They will walk ( shall have walked 1

shall have walked PRIOR ) Thou will have walked

Ye will have walked

2 FUTURE. You will have walked

You will have walked
He will have walked

They will have walked.
POTENTIAL MODE.
Singular.

Plural.
Υ may*

walk 1 Person We
PRESENT.
Thou mayest walk

2

S Ye
walk

You
He тау
walk 3

They may walk
ri
mightt walk 1

We might walk Past. Thou mightest walk

2

might walk You might walk

You might walk He might walk

3

They might walk Can or must.

+ Could, would, or should.

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}

| He

We

}

may walk may walk may walk

You may

}

S Ye

}