CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERBS.

Rem. The classes of Adverbs are very nur erous-the following are the most important:

3. Degree..... More, very, exceedingly, so.

4. Manner. So, as, thus, carefully.

5. Cause .. Hence, therefore.

6. Interrogation Why? How? Wherefore? Whence? 7. Number.... Often, once, twice

8. Doubt..... Perhaps, probably, po 'sibly.

9. Affirmation.. Yes, certainly, surely.

10. Negation... No, nay, not.

11. Means. "Scale the heavens by strides of hur an

...

wisdom."

12. Effect...."[It shrinks] to nothing in the grasp.'

MODIFICATION.

Young,

Prin. Some Adverbs are modied, like Adjectives,

by comparison.

OBS.-Some Adverbs are used only for Euphony.

EXAMPLES-There are no idlers here.

"It was now, too, mid-winter."

“E'en now, where Alpine solitudes a 'cend,
I sit me down, a pensive hour to end;
And, placed on high, above the ston's career,
Look downward, where a hundrea realms appear."

Now...

Where Alpine solitudes ascend.

Modifies "sit"-denoting, me; hence, an Adverb.

Modifies "sit"-denoting place; hence, an Adverb.

*To-morrow, to-day, yesterday, &c., are pn perly called Adverbs, when the phrases for which they are substituted wd be used adverbially. As, "I go to-morrow." "When ?" "On the nor ow."

A pensive hour to spend.

On high..

Above the storm's

career.

Downward...

Where a hundred

realms appear.

}

Modifies "sit"-denoting cause; hence, an Adverb.
Modifies "placed"-denoting place; he ice, an Adverb.

'}Modifies "placed”—denoting place; hence, an Adverb.

.Modifies "look"-denoting place; hence, an Adverb.

Modifies "lock"-denoting place; hence, an Adverb.

"How is it possible not to feel a profound sense of the respon sibleness of this republic to all future ages."

"In a moment he flew quickly past."

"For there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away."

Thy pencil glows in every flower;

Where Sense can reach, or Fancy rove,

From hill to field, from field to grove,

Across the wave, around the sky,

There's not a spot, nor deep, nor high,
Where the Creator has nct trod,

And left the footsteps of a God.”

"Eternal Hope! when yonder spheres sublime

Pealed their first notes to sound the march of Time,
Thy joyous youth began-but not to fade:
When all the sister planets have decayed;
When, wrapt in fire, the realms of ether glow,
And Heaven's last thunder shakes the world below;
Thou, undismayed, shalt o'er the ruins smile,
And light thy torch at Nature's funeral pile

יין

"Earth keeps me here

Awhile; yet I shall leave it, and shall rise
On fairer wings than thine, to skies more clear."

Here..... .Modifies "keeps"-denoting place; hence, Adverb of Place.
Awhile... ...Modifies "keeps"-denoting time; hence, Adverb of Time.
On wings... Modifies "rise"-denoting means; hence, Adverb of Means.
("On fairer wings than thine," is the Modified Adverb.)
Than thine.. Modifies "fairer"-denoting degree; hence, Adverb of De-
gree.

To skies.... Modifies "rise" denoting place; hence, Adverb of Place. ("To skies more clear," is the Modified Adverb.)

. More......

How.....
Much...

Modifies "clear"-denoting degree; hence, Adverb of Degree. "How much better satisfied he is!"

Modifiés "much;" hence, an Adverb.

. Modifies "better;" hence, an Adverb.

Better ...... Modifies "satisfied;" hence, an Adverb.

PREPOSITIONS.

Def. 100. A word used to introduce a phrase, showing the relation of its object to the word which the phrase qualifies, is

A Preposition.

"Wild winds and mad waves drive the vessel a wreck." "We walked about town."

"There is a ferry above the falls."

"Across the lake, through bush and brake."

"They came aboard ship."

"He that cometh after me."

"We succeeded in getting aboard of her."

...

"He that is not for me, is against me."

"Winds that run along the summits of their hills."
"We stowed them amid-ships."

"Amidst the mists, he thrusts his fists."

"He became a great favorite among the boys.

"We made diligent search amongst the rubbish."
"With his martial cloak around him."

"That England can spare from her service such men as
him."-Lord Brougham.

"It struck aslant the beam."
"He sat astride the beam."
"As for me and my house."

"As to that, I have nothing to say."

At

Athwart

Before
Behind

Below

Beneath

Beside.

Besides

Between
Betwixt

Beyond.

But...

But for

By

Concerning
Despite of..
Devoid of.
During..

Ere....

Except.

Excepting.

For ...

From.

Erom among.

"He was at work, at noon."

"The dolphin leaped athwart her bows."
"He stood before the people."

"Behind a rick of barley."
"The captain was below decks."
"Beneath the mouldering ruins."
"Beside its embers, red and clear."

"Besides punishment inflicted on this account."
"Between whom, perfect friendship has existed."
"There is no difference betwixt them."

"Beyond all doubt."

"All went but me."

"And but for these vile guns."

"To sail by Ephesus." "They stood by the cross."

Excepting that bad habit, the teacher was faultless." "For me your tributary stores combine."

Playful children, just let loose from school." "From among thousand celestial ardors."

From between..." "He came from between the lakes."

From off........ "This lady fly I take from off the grass."

"Instead of the thorn, shall come up the fir."

." She has that sum in lieu of dower."

"Into these glassy eyes, put light."

"An hour like this, may well display the emptiness of human grandeur."

"His residence is near the church."

"Plural nominatives should be placed next their verbs." "Come not nigh me."

Notwithstanding." Notwithstanding this, we remain friends.”

Near

Next..

Nigh

Of..

Off..

On..

Opposite
Over..
Out of..

Past

Per

Previous to....

Respecting
Round...

"Of the arts of peace."

"He fell off the bows."

." On a bed of green sea-flowers."

"Our friend lives opposite the Exchange."
High o'er their heads the weapons swung."

"Out of the cooling brine to leap."

"We came past Avon."

"Twelve hundred dollars per annum."
"Previous to this, his character has been good.

"Nothing was known respecting him."

"He went round the parish, making complaints."

Since.

Save..
Saving

Through..

Throughout.

Than..

Till...

To..

Touching

Towards

Under....

Underneath

Unlike....

Until..

Unto

Up

Upon
Via...

With..
Within.

Without.

Worth..

"Since Saturday, he has not been seen."
"All, save this little nook of land."

"With habits commendable, saving only this-he chews
tobacco."

"Dian's crest floats through the azure air.”
"Nor once, throughout that dismal night."
"Than whom none higher sat."

"He labored hard til noon."

"We purpose to go to Rochester to-day.
"Touching these things, whereof I am accused."
They returned? towards evening."

." Then was my horse killed under me."

"And underneath his feet, he cast the darkness."

"Unlike all that I had ever before seen."

"We shall not return until Saturday."

"Unto him who rules the invisible armies of eternity."
"The whole fleet was sailing up the river."
"Upon the word."

"This stage is for Buffalo, via Batavia."

"With cautious steps, and slow."
"Peace be within these walls."

"Without it, what is man?"

"He possessed an estate, worth five thousand pounds.

OBS. 1.-The Antecedent term of relation-the word which the Phrase, introduced by a Preposition, qualifies-may be a

Noun...... The house of God.

Pronoun... Who of us shall go? I care not which of you.

Adjective.. It is good for nothing.

Verb..... .We love to study, we delight in improvement.
Participle...Jumping from a precipice.

Adverb.....He is too wise to err.

OBS. 2.-The Antecedent term of the relation expressed by a Preposition, is sometimes understood."

Meet for fainting pilgrims [

"O refuge

] on this desert way."

NOTE. In the above and similar examples, the ellipsis of the antecedent word need not be supplied in parsing, unless the sense plainly requires it. But the phrase may be parsed as qualifying the word which its Antecedent would qualify, if expressed

"Which flung its purple o'er his path to heaven."

Here the phrase "to heaven," properly modifies leading, or a word similar office, understood. But "leading," modified by this phrase, would qualify "path." Hence the phrase, "to heaven "-as a representative of the whole phrase "leading to heaven"-may be attached to path."