phical instruments; but the skill acquired in the prosecution of this object is available for all other purposes as well as those that originally lead to its acquisition. Perhaps it is not too much to say that instruments have now been put within the reach of all who can have occasion for them, which but for the trigonometrical survey should have been beyond the grasp of all but the most opulent. As an example we may instance the beautiful sextants that are now to be found on board of every ship. Not many years ago there were ships of considerable tonnage, undertaking long voyages, whose Captains would bluster if you talked about a sextant or a chronometer; would tell you that nothing is to be depended on but the log, the lead and the look-out: and would tauntingly ask you what your chronometers would do for you in the Swin in a dirty night! On board ships of the same class now we should probably find two or three excellent sextants, such as would formerly have cost £30 or £40 a piece, (but which have not cost more than £6 or £7,) besides three or four very tolerable quadrants, the property of the boys. We believe that this amazing improvement in the quality, and diminution of the price, of instruments, is directly traceable to the skill that was acquired, and the zeal called forth, by the requirements of the trigonometrical

survey.

It is also a matter of no little moment to have a body of scientific men perambulating a country, and having their attention necessarily attracted to its geological and other features. We have lately met with a case in point in connection with the Indian survey, which ought to have gone far to reconcile the members of the Madras Finance Committee to it; we allude to the discovery of gold ore in the Mysore country by Lieut. Warren, (now Col. Warren) the first assistant of Col. Lambton in the survey. To the surveyors also we are indebted for many incidental notices of the topography, climate and geology, of the countries through which they carried on their operations.

To our estimation one of the greatest benefits that have accrued from the trigonometrical surveying of countries is the attention that it has led men to bestow upon geometry. This, as might have been expected, has been productive of many very beautiful and elegant, and if this be reckoned of more consequence, useful propositions. Of these the finest examples are contained in the work of Professor Wallace-whom by the way men in the last days of his life began to call Dr. Wallace, as if it were an honor to such a man to be called by a title which is

conferred upon every man who can administer a dose of jalap! As in the case of Francis Bacon with the viscountship of St. Albans, the scientific community have refused to recognize the title, and Professor Wallace is Professor Wallace still. This work contains some of the finest exhibitions of pure geometrical skill that are to be met with in our language. We do not know whether the work has met with a reception at all equal to its merits. It is not improbable that the title may repel some who have given but little attention to geodesy, but who are capable of appreciating a work on pure geometry. To such we would cordially recommend Professor Wallace's "Theorems and Formulæ."

Col. Everest's book is one that must be of much importance to professional men, while the detail of the operations is interesting also and entertaining to ordinary readers. As we have long detained our readers with what must, we fear, have proved to many of them a somewhat wearisome article, we shall attempt to make our peace with them by offering them a specimen of the gallant Colonel's racy manner of describing his adventures:

"There is a stream near Hyderabad, called the Moosee, which falls into the Kistna below the ferry of Wadapullee, by which I had intended to pass to the station of Sarangapullee above alluded to; for the Kistna, being a considerable stream, has at its principal ferries a regular set of round boats formed of the hides of oxen, which are large enough to carry horses and even float camels across; whereas the Moosee, being at ordinary times barely ankle-deep, has no such provision.

Calculating on the fordability of the Moosee, I had ordered the supplies for my camp to be prepared at a village on the southern bank; but when, in my march from the station of Nealamurree towards Wadapullee, I reached the erossing, I found this rivulet, so insignificant at Hyderabad, now filled to overflowing, carrying away trees and other floating objects in its foaming current.

Thus cut off from all communication with the provisions which had been prepared for my followers, and obstructed in my progress, it is easy to imagine the blank looks and long visages which met me on every side. But crosses of this kind are seldom without a remedy; and I learned, on enquiry, that there was, about fifteen miles distant, a place called Kompullee, below the confluence of the Moosee and Kistna, where there used to be a ferry-boat, and that a sufficient supply of rice to meet the wants of my party could be procured at a hamlet near my camp, provided they would consent to thresh it themselves.

The milk of buffaloes, too, was procurable; but g'hee (oil of butter), that prime ingredient in Indian cookery, rivalling our old North-Wiltshire cheese in its rancid smell and pungent taste, and turmeric, to which the savoury curry owes its peculiar flavour and colour, and d'hal (a small vetch) on which Juwans and others "love to feed," and cloves, cardamums, and cinnamon, and other spices, together with betel-leaf, and areca-nut, and tobacco, of which such plenteous stores had been amassed on the opposite bank of the envious Moosee, were not to be had at any price.

Matters were, however, arranged for present necessities, and by the following evening the camp was transferred to Kompullee, where we once again had abundance to eat; aud having turned the flank of the Moosee, had at last attained the north bank of the Kistna, which pouring down over a bed of rocks shelving and dipping at all angles, was really a formidable obstacle. As it was of great importance that my carriage-cattle should be conveyed to the opposite side, I had my elephants brought to the water's edge; but neither caresses nor menaces could induce them to try the passage. Probably it was fortunate that they did not make the attempt; for these powerful animals, though more at home in the water, perhaps, than any other quadrupeds, are, from the size of their limbs, proportionably more in need of what sailors term sea-room, and in a river which, like the Kistna, abounds with rocks and inequalities, were very liable to receive some serious injury, of which their natural sagacity rendered them peculiarly apprehensive.

The boat which was to convey me and my party across this roaring and angry flood, was put into the hands of the Coblers to be duly patched and undergo the necessary repairs, for it was an old, and crazy, and leaky vessel, which had for some time been laid up high and dry; but now, when no alternative was left, but either to await the subsidence of the flood, or trust ourselves to this frail craft, I found that there was no sort of reluctance on the part of my people to risk their persons; and even the Juwans, who had been so restive and unruly at the outset, now seemed to vie with each other in volunteering their services.

It was a spirt of exceedingly fine weather, such as does take place at intervals in the rainy season in India, when the atmosphere is so perfectly clear and transparent that all idea of comparative distance is confused: the power of vision is then almost unlimited, and the proximity of objects can only be judged of by their apparent magnitudes. I have since observed some approach to this species of limpidness in the Appenines and Southern Italy, but there is nothing like it in England; and as it is rare even in India, it became an object to avail myself of the opportunity.

The boat or leathern basket contained about six persons, with a proportion of dead weight; so having reduced the baggage and followers to the smallest possible quantity sufficient to carry the instrument (an eighteen-inch theodolite), my little party embarked, and in three journeys, which, as it required to undergo repairs after each, occupied it till night-fall, the vessel had conveyed to the south bank all whom I intended should accompany me.

Previous to embarking I left the camp, with tents, cattle, &c. under charge of Mr. Voysey, with directions to proceed onwards to Polichintah along the north bank, and await my arrival there; and as the station-flag of Sarangapullee was in sight about twelve miles off, and in appearance hardly two, I proceeded, attended by one of the sub-Assistants, and after some hours toiling over rocks and through jungle, I reached it just as the setting sun was shedding its last rays on the horizon.

Thus separated from my baggage, and without a shelter against the inclemencies of the weather, I learned to know what an Indian climate must be to the houseless European.

The sky had during the day been bright and cloudless beyond compare ; but shortly before sun-set black threatening clouds began to grow together into a frowning mass; and at last, when all their batteries were in order, a tremendous crash of thunder burst forth, and as if all heaven was converted into one vast shower-bath, the vertical rain poured down in large round drops upon the devoted spot of Sarangapullee.

I had procured a charpaee (a rude bedstead or litter) from a village about five miles off, and having bent down the branches of a young tree and covered them with rice straw, I had hoped by the assistance of an umbrella to protect myself against the effects of the storm: but on awaking in the morning, I found that I had been lying all night with my clothes soaked through; and yet so sound had been my sleep from fatigue, that I had been totally unconscious of the circumstance.

The observations were all finished to the south of the Kistna in five days of very hard and laborious work, and I then recrossed at one of the established ferries near Polichintah, and proceeded with my operations as before.

It would be monotonous and tiresome to proceed with such a detail as this; for I have selected one instance amongst many, only to shew what the hardships and severities are which a person engaged in the great trigonometrical survey of India then had to encounter."

We should like to extend this extract, but we must have done. We therefore conclude by expressing our high sense of the credit that is due to the Honorable East India Company for the liberal spirit that they seem to have shewn throughout the whole conduct of this noble undertaking. We are not, as may be inferred from much of what has gone before, professional surveyors, and have never been personally employed in this or any other great survey, but so far as a mere theorist can judge from published documents, we should conceive that all the arrangements have been made on the most liberal scale and in the most ungrudging manner.* And their liberality seems to have met with a generous return on the part of their servants employed in the operation. Lambton and Everest seem to have permitted no difficulty to shake them, no danger to appal them, no sickness, short of the strongest burning fever, to lay them aside from their chosen work; and while India occupies its place on the terrestrial globe, their names will be remembered as the great promoters of our knowledge of its geography.

It will perhaps surprise our readers to learn that independently of the charge of a large establishment, the measuring of each angle in the low country of Bengal costs the Government on an average about Rs 900. This is chiefly expended on the purchase of trees to be cut down for the purpose of opening a free passage for a ray of light between the stations. This expenditure is of course unnecessary in the hilly parts of the country.

ART. IV.-1. The Women of England, &c. by Mrs. Ellis. Fif teenth Edition.

2. Memoir of Mrs. Ann H. Judson, &c. London, 1830.

"WE have many valuable dissertations upon female character, as exhibited on the broad scale of virtue; but no direct definition of those minor parts of domestic and social intercourse which strengthen into habit, and consequently form the basis of moral character."

"Had I not known before the commencement of this work, its progress would soon have convinced me, that in order to perform my task with candour and faithfulness, I must renounce all idea of what is called fine writing; because the very nature of the duty I have undertaken, restricts me to the consideration of subjects, too minute in themselves to admit of their being expatiated upon with eloquence by the writer-too familiar to produce upon the reader any startling effect."

We would adopt these words from Mrs. Ellis as prefatory to our own remarks on the same subject. A book that, within a few years, has gone through fifteen editions, stands in no need of our commendations. With many defects of style, Mrs. Ellis is a valuable observer on what she aptly terms "the minor morals of domestic life." To us, she appears to lay undue stress on that golden time, the date of which it is difficult to ascertain, when people were infinitely wiser, better and happier than they now are. There is likewise something ornate and ambitious in her style, which leaves the impression that she had rejected a great many simple words and phrases, without, after all, hitting upon a very happy mode of expression. Nor do we assent to the exclusive nationality of the characteristics, good or bad, which she attributes to English women. Having noticed, as in critical duty bound, these defects in the book before us, we proceed to the pleasanter work of recommending it to our country-women. It abounds in practical and practicable hints on relative duty; in accurate sketches of domestic life, and in warm appeals to what is best and most loveable in the feminine character. Take as a sample the following passage, answering the question, "For what is woman most valued, admired, and beloved ?"

"In answer to this, I have little hesitation in saying,-For her disinterested kindness. Look at all the heroines, whether of romance or reality—at all the female characters that are held up to universal admiration-at all who have gone down to