Nov. 12, 1809, aged 56, and his remains were deposited in the family vault at Chilton.' The slab has the arms and crest as borne by this family, viz. (Or,) 3 helmets in chief, and a lion passant in base (sa.). Crest, an arm embowed in armour (ppr., garnished or), the hand grasping by the blade a broken sword (ar., hilt and pommel or) with a branch of laurel (vert). He is buried at Chilton, Berks, under an altar-tomb to the south of the chancel, and there is also an inscription on a mural slab inside.

66

Perhaps I may be permitted to add that, being engaged on a Knapp family history, I shall be glad to hear from any one interested in the family or any individual of the name. O. G.

Knapp, Hillside, Maidenhead."

R. J. FYNMORE.

Y. T.'s story seems very much of the same kind, except that it professes to be drawn, in a succession of hearsays after long intervals, from people who could not possibly know anything about it. The story may be true; I do not say it is not; but I do refuse to receive it without satisfactory There is little to be said about this gentle-Y. T. heard it from Mrs. Girdlestone, who evidence. This, at present, stands thus: man. He was a banker in Abingdon. In 1807 he ousted Sir Theophilus Metcalfe from the Parliamentary representation of the burgh, thus breaking a tie which had lasted from 1790. He did not long enjoy

his success. In 1809 he died, and was succeeded by Sir George Bowyer.

W. S. S.

Another George Knapp was born February, 1772, at Haberdashers' Hall, London, and baptized the next day at St. Michael's, Wood Street. He died at Warlingham, Surrey, 28 February, 1809, and was buried in that churchyard. This George Knapp was seventh child and fourth son of Jerome Knapp, citizen and Haberdasher of London, and of Chilton, Berkshire (Gentleman's Magazine, May, 1754, and June, 1792).

·

Several other members of the Knapp
family are mentioned in the Miscellaneous
Writings of S. Grimaldi, F.S.A., 1881,
Part III. p. 319.
D. J.

THE WOE WATERS OF LANGTON (11 S. i. 468). Possibly that part of the Swale river which flowed (in 1822) past the few houses constituting the parish of Langtonupon-Swale was so called because they were situated so near the brink of the river that they were frequently in danger of being swept away (see Langdale's Topog. Dict. of Yorks'). J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

NELSON'S BIRTHPLACE (11 S. i. 483).— Some years since I was told, on what seemed respectable authority, but which I have no permission to name, that the traditional story in the parish of Burnham Thorpe was that on Michaelmas Day, 1758, the rector's wife was visiting her poor, when she was unexpectedly taken with the labour pains, and that the child was actually born in a very humble cottage at some distance from the

heard it from her sister, who heard it from
Aunt Susie, who seems, as far as Y. T.'s
story allows of identification, to have been
and perhaps more probably-Grandmamma
either Aunt Ann (Bolton), born in 1781, or—
(Susannah) Bolton, born in 1755, and there-
fore three years old at the time. The story
is interesting, but it rests on no satisfactory
evidence.
J. K. LAUGHTON.

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY BIOGRAPHY (11 S. i. 349).There is reason to fear that no small history of English literature, dealing with such minor writers as those named in the query, can now be procured. The best means of obtaining information about them will probably be to consult some old biographical dictionary of convenient size. Such a work is Dr. John Watkins's Universal Biographical Dictionary,' published in 1800. In the third edition of 1807 sketches of all the persons named in the query are given. The dictionary has the further advantage of referring its readers to the sources whence its information was derived. Nichols's Literary Anecdotes' in 9 vols., and Illustrations of Literary History' in 8 vols., provide a mine of information, and supply (in the words of Lord John Russell) the best-furnished warehouse for all that relates to the literary history of the period." W. SCOTT.

66

ELEPHANT AND CASTLE IN HERALDRY (11 S. i. 508). Few early examples of the elephant omit the castle. The elephant and castle are seen in the arms of Dumbarton and the crest of Corbet, and form the sign of a well-known tavern in South London. The elephant, a symbol of priestly chastity, is noticed in the Physiologus' and the ancient Bestiaries. The elephant and howdah figure in the first book of Maccabees,

66

chap. vi.; and howdahs occur on misericords where the predicates are contrasted, but the in Beverley Minster (also on a stall), Beverley contrast between present and future (for St. Mary's, Gloucester Cathedral, on a can make them" is equivalent to a misericord formerly in St. Katherine's by the future) of the same verb is no mere colourless Tower, St. George's Chapel, Windsor and repetition, and can be plentifully illustrated. Manchester Cathedral. A. R. BAYLEY. To take one poet only:

The elephant and castle occur in the carving of the ancient stalls of the chapel of the Royal Hospital of St. Katherine, removed from St. Katherine by the Tower to Regent's Park in 1825. St. Katherine's by the Tower was founded in 1148 by Matilda, wife of King Stephen; augmented in 1273 by Eleanor, widow of Henry III.; and refounded by Edward III. Whether or not any date be assignable to the stalls and their carving I cannot say; but if a date can be assigned, the elephant and castle charge could no doubt be identified with one of the above queens, or with one of the distinguished persons buried in the chapel. I think there are drawings of the carving in the Archer Collection (Print Dept. B. Mus.).

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

ABRAHAM FARLEY (11 S. i. 468).—-May not the Abraham Farley admitted to Westminster School in 1720 have been the Abraham Farley, F.R.S., to whom was entrusted the publication of the 'Domesday Book' about 1773? He is described by Timperley as a gentleman of great record learning.. who had access to the ancient manuscripts for upwards of forty years.' His transcription of the Domesday Book' was completed in 1783, in 2 vols. folio, with types prepared from designs by Farley and cut by Jackson. W. S. S.

22

'MAKE ?? OR 'MAR " IN GOLDSMITH

22

66

22

(11 S. i. 467).—If the context of Goldsmith's
couplet is examined, it will, I think, be seen
that the substitution of "mar for make
would spoil the author's meaning :—
Ill fares the land, to hast'ning ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates, and men decay;
Princes and lords may flourish, or may fade;
A breath can make them, as a breath has made:
But a bold peasantry, their country's pride,
When once destroy'd, can never be supply'd.

The Deserted Village,' ll. 51-6.

GENERAL WOLFE'S DEATH (10 S. xii. 308, 357).-At the latter reference is a statement that "a private soldier "2 caught Wolfe as he fell. Does any one know the name of this "private soldier"? I find, in a Life of Thomas Campbell by his son, Alexander Campbell, both of them ministers of the Gospel, a statement that Archibald Campbell (1719-1807), father of Thomas aforesaid, was the man ("private soldier ") who caught Wolfe as he fell. The Rev. T. Campbell was born in county Down, Ireland, West Virginia, 4 January, 1854. The Rev. 1 February, 1763, and died in Bethany, Alexander Campbell was born in Ballymena, county Antrim, 12 September, 1788, and died at Bethany aforesaid 4 March, 1866, being founder of the college there. The Campbells, father and son, were men of the the son in particular being a great leader in highest standing in America in their day, the religious movement known as Disciples of Christ, beginning in 1809, and now numbering far more than one million communicants. Alexander Campbell was

on

one occasion asked to address the U.S.
House of Representatives, and did so in
the old House.
RICHARD WARREN BARKLEY.

New York City.

'MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE FRENCH': B. ROTCH (11 S. i. 468).-Benjamin Rotch, the alleged author of 'Manners and Customs of the French,' was a barrister-at-law. He married in 1828 Isabella Anne, eldest daughter of William Archer Judd, Esq., of Stamford, Lincolnshire. In 1832 he was chosen M.P. for Knaresborough. His election was petitioned against on the ground of his being an alien, but the petition does not appear to have been proceeded with. The following year he was made chairman of the bench of Middlesex magistrates. He did not contest Knaresborough DR. KRUEGER quotes lines (e.g., "A in 1835. A magistrate and deputy-lieubreath revives him, or a breath o'erthrows ") tenant for Middlesex, he was for several

Surely the sense of the last four lines is that it is of no importance whether princely and noble houses flourish or die out, because nobility can be created in the future as it has been created in the past, but when a peasantry has become extinct its place can never be supplied.

years chairman of the Quarter Sessions. ST. AUSTIN'S GATE (11 S. i. 408, 451).— His residence was at Lowlands, Harrow. Sufficient data are provided in MR. HARHe died in 1854.

I have no note of Rotch being the author of Manners and Customs of the French,' but his career and evident ability together with Mr. Sotheran's statement as to authorship, seem on the whole to justify the attribution of the book to him.

W. SCOTT.

66

BEN's reply to prove the identity of this
place-name. John Bartlett's other imprints
still further assist. Even if the following
do not refer to a single site, they are useful
for our purpose :-

"Gilt Cup, near St. Austine's Gate." 1641.
"In St. Faith's Parish." 1643-4.

"In the new buildings on the south side of Paul's, neer St. Austine's Gate, at the sign of the Gilt Cup." 1655.

Vide H. R. Plomer's 'Dictionary of Booksellers and Printers,' &c., p. 15. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

Stirling. "GOD SAVE THE PEOPLE ! " (11 S. i. 328, 392.)-In his letter of 2 January, 1776, quoted by MR. ROBBINS, Sir Grey Cooper was mistaken in saying that the above "GOOGLIE": CRICKET SLANG (10 S. words ended a Massachusetts proclama- xii. 110, 194, 274). This word exactly extion for a fast," as the proclamation in question was not for a fast, but for a thanks-presses the nature of the bowling if, as seems most probable, it is the Scandinavian gōgle giving. It was issued 4 November, 1775, (pronounced almost like " googly "), which and A Proclamation for a Public Thanksmeans to trick or humbug. Possibly this was printed in The Boston Gazette giving of 13 November. On 12 June, 1775, the word was introduced into cricket by some Continental Congress issued a proclamation Norway to fish. It would be interesting to one of the many Englishmen who go to for a fast day on 20 July. This was signed know if this is the case. By order of Congress, John Hancock, President.' In his 'Fast and Thanksgiving Days of New England,' 1895, Dr. W. De L. Love says:

66

2

"The thanksgivings in the autumn [of 1775] were not omitted even in this dark and distressing time, but the Continental Congress left the appointments to the several colonies. That of Massachusetts was signed by the members of the council, as were several thereafter, and ended with the words, 'God save the People.'......There came a time, however, when Thomas Hutchison [Governor of Massachusetts], got through making proclamations in Boston, and then the broadside was suddenly put into very democratic homespun. The earliest of this group was issued by the Provincial Congress [of Massachusetts] for the thanksgiving, December 15, 1774, and was signed by 'John Hancock, President.'. What seemed to exercise the authors most was the proper substitute for the legend God save the King. Before independence was declared, they wrote God save the People.' The proclamation which was issued upon that memorable day, July 4, 1776, had 'God save America.' The next had God save the United States of America,' which was usual thereafter, though we note also God save the people,' God save the People of the United States,' and 'God save the American States.'"-Pp. 340, 439-40.

Boston, U.S.

ALBERT MATTHEWS.

GRIERSON, GRERESON, OR GREIR FAMILY 11 S. i. 428, 496).-W. S. S. is wrong in his inference at the latter reference that Thomas Greer died about 1885. He died at the age of 68 on 20 September, 1905. ALFRED B. BEAVEN.

Leamington.

Park Town Oxford.

GEORGE RANKING.

RUMBELOW (11 S. i. 224, 276, 475).—I came across two men bearing this surname in the Army, belonging to different corps, and in widely separated places. At the present time the composing-room of a London paper has a deputy-foreman of this name.

CHARLES S. BURDON.

Notes on Books, &c.

Political Satire in English Poetry. By C. W. Previté-Orton. (Cambridge University Press.) THIS book of 240 pages represents the essay which won the Members' Prize at Cambridge in 1908. As is the way of prize essays, it is not distinguished either for originality or brilliance, but it is a sound and careful summary of the subject, which should be of use to students.

Beginning with the Middle Ages, the author comes down to Swinburne, Mr. Kipling, Mr. Blunt, Mr. Watson, and Mr. Owen Seaman, whose characteristics are fairly hit off in brief summaries. Some of the works mentioned, however, can hardly be regarded as political at all. That the survey is not perfect appears from the neglect of Bulwer Lytton's St. Stephen's,' an effective piece of 1860 which has left some famous phrases with us, and was a continuation of that New Timon' which raised Tennyson's ire. Lytton wielded Pope's metre with considerable force, and an older generation than that to which Mr. Previté-Orton belongs did not disdain to recall his descriptions of famous men from John Hampden to O'Connell. In later days we have had no sustained or considerable effort in the heroic

couplet, though there is plenty of material for satire. The superabundance of jeremiads in prose, or worse than prose, on politics would certainly be relieved by an occasional comment in verse. In earlier days Mr. Kipling's onslaught on Irish moonlighters was fierce enough, but at present he seems to prefer to support the Empire by rather obscure parables.

in charmingly imperfect English, Some Thoughts on Old Japanese Art,' and we hope he will give us some day the book he meditates on the subject. Meanwhile his stories of Oriental artists of old days are fascinating. In The Wits' Mr. Norman Pearson has a good subject. Dealing with the illuminati," at once fashionable and literary, of the latter part of the eighteenth century, he takes some celebrated examples, such as Selwyn, To The Cornhill for July Mrs. Margaret L. Dodington, and Horace Walpole. We do not Woods contributes the third of her Pastels think Selwyn is so poor a jester as he makes out, under the Southern Cross,' which is a vivid view and remark that a student of the period will find of South Africa and the half-seen impressions left many of the jests quoted stale. The Latin quip by by a railway journey. Incidentally she calls Burke has been familiar for many years in Bosa Rhodesian express the most comfortable well's Johnson.' Mr. Pearson's dicta do not express in the world." Mr. W. H. Hudson tells in exactly impress us as those of a real master of the Cardinal' the story of the first and last caged bird period. Mrs. Shorter has an agreeable little poem he possessed. It is a poignant little sketch done In the Carlyle House, Chelsea.' Of the other in his usual excellent style. Dr. W. H. D. articles the pleasantest is entitled 'Paris: King Rouse in Humanistic Education not without Edward VII. and Henri Quatre,' by Mr. John F. Latin' replies to a paper by Mr. A. C. Benson, Macdonald, who shows clearly the affectionate way and refers to the success which has attended his in which the late King was regarded in that city. methods of teaching at the Perse School. Dr. To the people of Paris he was worthy to be comRouse's results are, we believe, remarkable, and pared with that great figure of tradition who deserve to be widely known. In 'Neath Bluer was Queen Elizabeth's contemporary on the Skies' the Dean of Perth, Western Australia, French throne. writes of the past and present of the colony in homely and effective style. Mr. C. Holmes Cautley's collections gathered from Old Folk who knew the Brontës do not amount to much, but give us a suggestive glimpse here and there. The short stories in The Cornhill are generally good reading, and At Wessel's Farm,' by Mrs. Alihusen, is a striking little picture of the Boer War. Mr. John Barnett in Benbow and his Last Fight shows up well the vigour of an old sea-dog. A well-varied number is completed by the beginning of a story by Mr. Eden Phillpotts, The Flint Heart.' Mr. Phillpotts has the courage to begin on Dartmoor in the New Stone Age.

AMONG several political articles in The Fortnightly we content ourselves with mentioning Mr. Garvin's Imperial and Foreign Affairs: a Review of Events, for this writer has a force which is uncommon to-day, and, whatever may be thought of his opinions, always puts his case well. We learn that Mr. Roosevelt has taken up his journalistic work on the American Outlook, and will not open his mouth on politics for two months. This is a relief for which some people will be glad. A valuable and singularly outspoken article is that on 'The Reading Public' by" An Ex-Librarian." It expresses the thoughts of a good many people, we feel sure, who merely grumble at a state of affairs they feel powerless to alter. Publishers, booksellers, and libraries alike are accused of commercialism and ignorance. The various sections which make up the "reading public are analyzed, and the sort of books they want. Librarians, timorous and distrustful of critical views, are said to have made an egregious mistake over Mr. Galsworthy's book, A Man of Property.' Though the writer's views and statements seem to us somewhat exaggerated, there is everything to be said for the general truth and soundness of his conclusions, and we thank him heartily for speaking out. Experts are wanted in this, as in other lines, to give their views: people with taste and knowledge behind them, not the soi-disant critics for whom the call of commerce is the chief standard, and who pose as authorities. Mr. Yoshio Markino contributes,

IN The Nineteenth Century the editor's name now appears as W. Wray Skilbeck. Monsignor Moyes opens with an article on The Royal Declaration' in which he explains the position of the Roman Catholics. There are two or three political articles, but the number, as a whole, takes a wider range of subject than some of its predecessors, which we regard as an improvement. Prince Kropotkin has an important article on The Direct Action of Environment on Plants,' in which, fortified by the recent experiments of botanists, he is inclined to believe. Some of these experiments are very striking in their results, and should go some way to establish a tendency which has been largely denied on the ground of preconceived theory. Such, at least, is the present writer's view. Mr. R. B. Townshend deals in an interesting way with Shooting from the Saddle,' in the Boer war especially, and gives some reminiscences of things he saw done in his earlier days of ranching. Towards Educational Peace,' by Mr. D. C. Lathbury, exhibits the well-known prepossessions of the writer. Mr. Edward McCurdy in Leonardo da Vinci and the Science of Flight" shows once again his knowledge of all that concerns the great artist. Two articles on the registration of nurses and the Colonial supply of them follow. Mr. E. D. Rendall has a wellwritten Plea for the Introduction of Music among the Upper Classes.' The democracy are better served in this way, he points out, than schools of a more expensive kind, where music is an off-subject, apt to give way to other studies or games. In Quare Things' Maude Godley supplies a glimpse of Irish Banshees and the like. The article pleases us, but is too short to be satisfactory. Sir W. F. Miéville has gathered much of interest in his Side-lights on the Story of the Suez Canal,' the success of which was, it appears, promoted by two or three odd causes-one, the ability of Lesseps as a horseman; another, the early help he gave to a distant cousin who rose to be the Empress Eugénie. The circumstances of the sale of the Khedive's shares to this country are pretty well known, but the story is dramatic, and distinctly well told here.