unthinkable in a country like ours, and, if persisted in, will doubtless lead to serious trouble.

5. The tendency of our day, with its enlightenment, is to loosen the faith of the educated in the tenets of Romanism. And when this happens such people fall into the slough of scepticism. It is against this calamity also that we strive when we strive to give to Roman Catholics a faith which thrives with all true education.

We need not multiply these points, but any system of which these things can be truthfully said is not one to be encouraged in Canada, and anyone who has watched the trend of things on this continent must feel that Romanism, being cast out of the old world, is seeking to control the new. If she has lost her grip on the banks of the Tiber and the Seine she is evidently trying to tighten it on the St. Lawrence.

Our work in Quebec, as well as in the other Provinces, has been done mainly under the French Evangelization Board, which has now been merged into the Home Mission Board. This may be a specially good thing, as the expression "French Evangelization was objected to by many, and for some good reasons. But our Home Mission Board claims Canada as its parish quite properly, and can work, without invidious name distinctions, amongst any of the

peoples of the country. Last year we had at work some thirty ordained ministers or missionaries, thirteen colporteurs or students, and twenty-six teachers in thirty-seven mission fields. About seventy-five Roman Catholics became Protestants during the year and six hundred and fifty pupils attended the mission schools, of whom 224 were Roman Catholics; 2,150 copies of the Scriptures and 29,000 religious tracts and booklets were distributed. All this must have an influence greatly exceeding anything that can be conveyed by figures. This work is generating forces which we believe are disintegrating the compactness of Romanism and liberating much power for service.

Our most important educational establishment is at Point-Aux-Trembles, nine miles east of Montreal, on the St. Lawrence. The schools here were founded in 1846 by the French-Canadian Missionary Society and taken over in 1880 by our General Assembly. There is accommodation for 190 boys and 80 girls. Upwards of 6,000 French-Canadians have been educated here and many of them exert great influence in their several localities. Preference is given to Roman Catholic children and the children of converts from Rome where there are no Protestant schools. There are eleven resident teachers. Last year there were 360 applications

registered, but, of course, there was not room for all. About half of those who attended were Roman Catholics. The rest were the children of converts. There is a growing interest in this great work, not only in Quebec but throughout the whole Church. Similar schools should be established elsewhere.

With the utmost desire to prosecute this great work amongst Roman Catholics in the spirit of love and obedience to the Master's command, let us press forward.

CHAPTER VIII.

ONTARIO AND HER NEW NORTH.

IF Ontario is the Banner Province of Canada, as is generally conceded, the fact is due largely to the homogeneous character of her pioneer settlers, who were nearly all British and Protestant, to the high aim of her educationists, and especially to the early activity of the Church. The first immigrants were as a rule a God-fearing, Sabbath-keeping, and churchloving people, and the foundations having been laid in that spirit, the subsequent history of the old Province has been gratifying to those who are anxious for the welfare of the nation. It is well known that in regard to Federal enactments on moral issues the pressure that has made such legislation possible has come from Ontario as from no other part of Canada.

The material wealth of Ontario is enormous. Last year it produced forty-seven millions of bushels of grain more than the three Western Provinces put together. When we add to that the huge live-stock business, the immense fruit areas, the dairying enterprises, the lumbering,

mining and manufacturing industries, we are safe in saying that the wealth of Ontario is hardly calculable. The older part of the Province is becoming a great centre of manufacturing. The harnessing of Niagara Falls has furnished inexhaustible motive power and we have on every hand towns and cities which bid fair to rival the Birminghams, Manchesters and Glasgows of the British Isles. The opening up of New Ontario has revealed stores of mining, lumbering and agricultural wealth which defies the power of mathematicians to compute. Let Ontario learn her capacities and her corresponding responsibilities, for to whom much is given of them much shall be required.

It seems reasonably certain that the first regular minister of the Presbyterian order, except military chaplains, in what is now Ontario, was the Rev. Robert McDowall, who in 1798 was sent by the Presbytery or Classis of Albany, N.Y., to begin work in Upper Canada. He continued to labor with great success until his death in 1841. Rev. Daniel W. Eastman came also from the United States in 1801 and labored

in the Niagara Peninsula. "The Presbytery of the Canadas was constituted in 1818. There were at that date sixteen Presbyterian ministers in Upper and Lower Canada. It is not our purpose to trace the history of our