Problem Representation in Foreign Policy Decision-MakingDonald A. Sylvan, James F. Voss Cambridge University Press, 13 sep. 1998 - 347 sidor Previous studies of foreign policy decision making have largely focused on the choice among specified options rather than the prior question of how the options were specified in the first place. Such "problem representation" is the focus of this volume. How do the game theorists' options and utilities come about? Concretely, for example, how and why in the Cuban missile crisis were blockade, air strike, and invasion chosen as options? To answer such questions, the editors contend that the representation of the problem to which the options are a response, the determinants of that representation, and its ramifications must all be analyzed. |
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Introduction | 3 |
A Cognitive | 29 |
Problem Identification in Sequential Policy Decision | 53 |
How Problem Representations | 80 |
Image Change and Problem Representation after | 116 |
Evidence | 147 |
Representing Problem Representation | 213 |
A ProblemSolving Perspective on DecisionMaking | 249 |
The Impact | 261 |
Representations of the Gulf Crisis as Derived from | 279 |
Belgian and Dutch Representations | 303 |
| 343 | |
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Problem Representation in Foreign Policy Decision-Making Donald A. Sylvan,James F. Voss Ingen förhandsgranskning - 2011 |
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action afghanistan aggregation principles Aidid alternative American analysis argument Artificial Intelligence attribute behavior Belgian belief system causal chapter clan coding cognitive cognitive maps cognitive restructuring Cold War combat complex concepts conflict constraints Cottam crisis Cuban missile crisis Czechoslovakia debate decision makers decision process decision-making dependent image development cooperation Dutch economic effects evaluation example experts factors focus foreign assistance foreign policy decision goal group decision group discussion group members groupthink Hussein ill-structured problems individual information-processing interaction interpretation Iraq issue area Kuwait meetings military Netherlands nodes options perception policy makers Political Psychology position problem representation problem-solving Psychology Purkitt questions re-representation reasoning relations relationship represent Robert Bork role schema semantic network Senate sequential decision Siad Barre Simon social solution solver solving Somalia Soviet soviet-union statement strategy structure Sylvan task theory threat tion true present types understanding United verbal volume Voss women York
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