ness of health then experienced.-If ricketty? (Yes.) If subject to fits? (No.) It long of walking alone? (Yes.) If slow development of mind? (Yes), or precocious.

2. The history of the secret abuse. When it commenced? (At a very early age, six or seven.) And if a native impulse? (Yes); or the effect of example, or corruption of companions or others? (No.)

3. If subject to occasional fits of excessive appetite for food? (Yes.)

4. At what age the propensity to appropriate shewed itself strong (From infancy); and when it is strongest if when the other propensity is in activity? (Yes.) Is it irresistible? (Yes); so that nothing exposed would be safe? (Yes.)

5. Is what is taken concealed and stored up? (No.)

6. Is there cunning, and any tendency to prevaricate or lie? (Very great.)

7. Is there not a want of firmness of purpose or power to control or resist temptation? (Very great.)

8. A carelessness about what opinion is formed by others? (To those he is indifferent to, but not to those he likes.) A certain want of shame? (Rather so; his own confession.)

9. A high estimate of self, even to pride and self-importance, and a tendency to love and tell marvellous tales, of which self is the hero, often untrue or exaggerated? (Yes!!)

10. Kindly feeling and love to children (Yes.)

11. A tendency to attach to friends? (Very much so.)

12. A want of caution and circumspection? (Very much so: books stolen placed immediately on his book-shelves; rings stolen exposed on his lamp-stand at the very time when he was charged with the theft.)

13. Great kindness of heart, charitableness, and obligingness? (Very much the case.)

14. Obedience, respect, submission, deference to rank, love of antiquity? (Very great: the attraction of Loch-Leven Castle and the keys is remarkable; is frequently saying he should like to be an Earl; has collected autographs and seals of living characters, Lords Grey and Brougham, and most of the nobility, which he values highly.)

15. Religious fervours; facts on this? (Just the very thing: strong convictions; "religious fervours;" generally correct in his moral conduct; remarkably attentive to the Sabbath, would teach at the Sunday school, and read to the labouring poor in the evening; seemed really in earnest, and I have no doubt was His theory of religion correct, and what would be decidedly considered evangelical. A great admirer of the Record newspaper, to which he contributed occasionally, in letters complaining of Sabbath desecration by Cabinet Councils, &c.)

So.

16. A generally happy and sanguine frame of mind; always hoping the best? (Always!! quite a feature in his character.) 17. Some love of the sublime and beautiful? (He writes"greatly so.")

18. The intellect quick, apt? (Just so-apt.) The memory good? (Yes.) The reflecting powers considerable? (Yes.)

19. A decided talent for drawing, worth cultivating? (He says, No; we are inclined to think he has―certainly worth cultivating.)

20. No music? (Cannot whistle a tune.)

21. A mechanical turn, and would like to work at the turning-lathe? (Does work at it; has expended L. 12 or L. 14 in tools.)

22. If the articles apt to be appropriated are such as gratify any one strong feeling? (Yes); as books on religious subjects, science, &c.? (Yes; Cecil's Remains, Bridgewater Treatises, for instance.) Or is it not indiscriminate? (No.) What use made of articles; if ever given away? (Very frequently.)

23. If ever any wanderings of mind or eccentricity of manner? (A little-not a little.) Headachs, sleeplessness? (Yes.) Any disease? (Strong and muscular, though always fancying himself ill; very timid. There is scrofula in the family, and it has been the fushion to consider him unhealthy. I gather from him farther, that the desire of appropriation is strongest after he has taken one thing; he then feels reckless, and tries to get all he possibly can, and feels reckless of the consequences. His outward behaviour, it has been stated, is not only decent but exemplary. There is about him a strong impression that God sees him; and at times, he says, he can almost hear his Saviour intreating him, by all His sufferings, not to commit the sin'; but yet, at times he has committed both of the sins, with passages of Scripture condemning him at the time; and he very seldom does wrong but what some most striking passage occurs to him at the time. The most dreadful sin, he says, he did once leave off, viz. after he had been told of it, when residing with a private tutor for about three weeks; yet so great was the difficulty at times, that he says, "I have known the perspiration to run down me." It is strongest after drinking much wine or spirits, and more so in warm weather, particularly after bathing in either warm or cold baths.)

The following letter, written subsequently to his visit to Edinburgh by the young man himself, will serve to shew the kindness, affection, and devotion, of his better feelings. Its sincerity will not be doubted by any phrenologist who has perused the cerebral development. It was not expected by the unhappy writer that it would be seen by any eyes but those of his sisters,

to whom it is addressed. We have permission to publish it also:

"MY DEAREST T- AND B

Sunday, March 15.

"I have just parted from dear Mr L., who left me in tears. I fear I shall never be able to repay him for his very great kindness, and for the uncommon trouble and interest he has taken in and for me. 0 my dear girls, you will AGAIN see the finger of God pointing out to me the road to heaven, and calling upon me, and urging me, to flee from the wrath to come, by all the horrors which will else come upon me in this world, both in mind and body, and by the still more dreadful agonies I shall bring down upon myself in another. Mr L. will tell you such a tale of the great goodness of God, in raising me up friends, both in this place as well as Edinburgh, that you will not fail to believe that the Almighty has not given me quite up, but has given me another opportunity to see whether I will or not return unto him. O my dear girls, every morning of your lives offer up prayers to God that I may be enabled to resist my ALMOST irresistible SINS, recollecting that the effectual fervent prayer availeth much; and say, dear T-, to yourself, when have left your room without saying your prayers, I must not leave my room without offering up a prayer for poor wicked else perhaps he will fall into sin to-day; and doing so, it will be doing good to yourself as well as to me. I am glad to hear, dear B., that Mrs L. thinks you so much improved in spiritual things. Go on, dear girl, from strength to strength; great will be your reward hereafter.

you

S

or

"I walked with Mr L. to-day so far that I was not in time for kirk, but I have been reading our own dear Churchprayers, and love them better now than ever. I intend going to kirk this afternoon it begins at five o'clock.

"When Mr L. writes to me, be sure to write to me, as perhaps he will get a frank; for you know he won't tell me about C, dear man. Give my kind love to Mrs L., and tell her trust what she said to me will not come true, viz. that it was hoping against hope; tell her to pray for me.

"I must conclude with kind love to all. Believe me, ever your truly attached but unhappy brother,

"S

"I did not see the DEAR G.'s; tell me about them."

The young man is no longer with his tutor, but, at the desire of his friends, in which he has submissively concurred, he is boarded in Scotland in the country. The treatment for him which the phrenologists who saw him recommended, was con

tinued, and rather hard exercise in the open air; with his tools and books, for he is a great workman and reader, to give him occupation within doors. Viewing his case as one of partial insanity, they were unanimous in recommending the treatment and regulated surveillance of a private asylum: but of this his relatives, probably for their own sakes, would not hear; while they seemed to be contented that the poor youth should be hid, that he might not disgrace them. A pittance was proposed for his board, which, compared with the means of the family, was more like a sum to bury him than to maintain him in decency and comfort; and as it seemed to have been meted to him under the impression that it was bestowed on a criminal, the phrenologists suggested a more suitable provision for him as an unfortunate patient, and had the satisfaction to see this proof of a better feeling towards him actually realized. He is, in consequence, very suitably boarded and cared for.

This interesting case may, it is thought, be ranked among those which tend to shew the usefulness of Phrenology; and the writer recommends it to those who are wont to ask, "What is the use of your science, even supposing it to be true?" Here was a case which was well known to, and had been observed by, professors, divines, physicians, and lawyers; to all of whom it appeared an inscrutable mystery, or, as it did to shopkeepers, a plain case of hypocrisy and crime, for which there was no better cure than well merited exposure and punishment; while flight from justice to the concealment and oblivion of a distant country, was the course which appeared the best to the relatives, who used no measured terms in the expression of their feelings on the disgrace brought by the disinherited criminal on the family. Flying from prosecution and persecution, without one friendly hand held out to him, save those of his kind-hearted tutor and a few pious persons who prayed over him in vain, the outcast comes, at last, at the distance of hundreds of miles from his forbidden home, into contact with the disciples of a new and ignorantly despised philosophy of man; by whom his case is at once understood and explained,—a friendly shelter thrown over his disease, the means of providing, not unfeeling penal banishment and privation, but an asylum of care, and kindness, and comfort, obtained from his relenting relations,-and an appeal made in his behalf to all who had unknowingly treated him with injustice, to remove the brand of crime which they had contributed to stamp upon his brow, and to judge him, as we humbly trust his Maker will, who has visited him with disease, and in so far released him from responsibility. We would especially recommend a candid revision of their judgment to the heads of the seat of learning from which the publicity of his conduct forced him to retire. We shall take care that this statement shall be put in their way. They will be at no loss to know to

VOL. IX.-NO. XLV.

G g

whom it applies; and we call upon them to take some pains, by a generous use of the influence of their position, to remove from the minds of all who entertain them, erroneous feelings towards an unhappy but really guiltless young man.

ARTICLE IX.

ACCOUNT OF THE SKULL OF DEAN SWIFT, RECENTLY DISINTERRED AT DUBLIN.

IN making some alterations on the building of St Patrick's Cathedral at Dublin, it was found necessary to shift several coffins, amongst which were those containing the remains of Dean Swift and Mrs Johnson (better known as Stella). The Rev. Henry Dawson, Dean of St Patrick's, with his usual liberality and anxiety for the advancement of science, allowed Dr Houston to remove the skulls of these two celebrated persons, in order that drawings and casts of them might be made, and that they might be submitted to phrenological examination; under an engagement that they should be duly restored to the coffins. Mr Combe luckily happened to be in Dublin at this time, attending the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; so that he had an opportunity of examining the actual skulls. The examination took place on 16th August, at the house of Dr Marsh, in presence of that gentleman and Dr Harrison, Mr Snow Harris, Mr Richard Carmichael, Mr Wheatstone of London, Mr Andrew Carmichael, Mr J. Isaac Hawkins, Vice-president of the London Phrenological Society, Mr John Wilson, Dublin, Dr Houston, Dr Evanson, and Dr Croker, Dublin.

The skull was found to present the following appearances. At the base roughened in the sphenoidal region; the processes prominent and sharp-pointed; the foramen magnum of the occipital bone irregular, and the condyloid processes projecting into it. Some parts, in the occipital fossæ, the super-orbitar plates, and other portions of the skull, were so thin as to be transparent. The marks of the arteries of the dura mater on the vault were large and deep, but the general surface of the interior of the vault was smooth: along the line of attachment of the falx the bone was porous, from the multitude of small foramina which had transmitted blood vessels from the dura mater to the bone in that situation. Above the frontal protuberances (in the region of Benevolence) the bone was thickened, apparently by a deposition of bony matter on its inner surface-making the inner surface at that part on both sides flat in place of concave, and smoother than the other parts; which was the more remarkable as the other portions of the skull were rather thin. Below