These Papers were read before the CINCINNATI LITERARY CLUB: PRIMITIVE MAN--March 21, 1868; DARWINISM AND DEITY-January 13, 1872; THE MOUND BUILDERS-April 15, 1873. THE PRIMITIVE INHABITANTS OF WESTERN EUROPE. IN 1829, an excavation made in the shore of the Lake of Zurich, near Meilen, brought up fragments of wooden piles and other remains, which attracted no attention at the time, and were thrown, with the mud in which they were imbedded, into the deep part of the lake. In the winter of 1853-4, the water in the Swiss lakes fell one foot lower than the mark of 1674, which had been considered the lowest known in history. Several gentlemen of Meilen took advantage of this low water to extend their land into the lake, inclosing portions laid bare, and filling up the inclosed spaces with neighboring mud. The workmen, as soon as they began to excavate, found the mud, forming the bottom of this portion of the lake, filled with wooden piles, horns and bones of animals, implements of stone, and fragments of pottery. The interest of antiquarians was at once excited. Investigations were set on foot. It was soon found that the shores of the Swiss lakes were |