heard a person whose clothes were much bemired before the song "I like a drop of good beer" was called a "muckhots." EXTRAORDINARY FIELD (8th S. v. 29, 97, 133, 353; vi. 33).—The following passage is, perhaps, not irrelevant. The writer, the Hon. Sir David P. Chalmers, K.B., Chief Justice of British Guinea, is speaking of an epidemic of cholera at Bathurst, the chief town of the Gambia colony, apparently about 1879. After the epidemic, "visiting the cemetery one evening at this time, after sunset, in company with the military staff, an incident occurred which puzzled me much. There had been a number of interments in this cemetery of persons who had died of cholera, and the staff-surgeon was desirous of ascertaining the condition of the graves. Coming to a particular part of the cemetery, where nothing unusual was perceptible to my senses, the horse on which I was riding, a native horse, seemed to be seized with sudden terror, snorting violently, trembling all over, and most unwilling to proceed, but without restiveness of an ordinary kind. The horse of the staff-surgeon, which was a fine animal from Maderia, was affected in the same way. We went on a little further, and when the staff-surgeon had made his observations, turned and left the cemetery, our horses showing the signs of fear and uneasiness until we were fairly outside. Nothing ensued; but the behaviour of the horses struck both the staff surgeon and myself as very remarkable, and I think it worth while to relate the incident simply as it occurred, and without attempting explanation."-The Juridical Review, vol. vi. No. 4 October, 1894, p. 328, art. Recol lections of Colonial Service.' written. A "jigger" is about a yard of " pagecord" with a "quotation" or bit of " metal furniture" at one end and a bit of "brass rule" or tied to the other. The compositor slings this over some "thick leads," from four to six inches long, his "upper case," allowing the end with the "quotation" to hang behind his "frame," and so keep tight the other end resting on his copy, which is thus kept in its place. As he sets line after line he draws the "jigger" down to the next, so that he may see the correct place readily. " The To be "jiggered" may be described as tied to the end of a string, or, according to Brathwaite, "going to Heaven by Derick in a string." derivations given for this word in earlier communications are altogether beyond my depth. As a boy at school I never knew any other than a comic meaning to be attached to it, and none of us ever imagined that it was a disguised form of a terribly foul expression." To "jig about" is to dance about, and to "dance a jig at the end of a string" is common enough; from thence to "jiggered" is easy and natural. "You be jiggered " is simply "You be hanged." R. R. Boston, Lincolnshire. 66 In printing offices, to keep their copy flat, many compositors use a weight, attached to a counterweight by a string, which passes over the top of the upper case," and is shifted up and down as occasion requires. This is called a "jigger." In Charles Knight's Life of Caxton' there is a print, from an ancient illuminated MS., representing a monk copying in a scriptorium. He has his book kept flat by an apparatus exactly and obviously identical with the one I have mentioned. any of our learned antiquarian friends tell us what name the monk gave to his useful appliance? R. CLARK. Walthamstow. Can "Jigger" is not a modern term; it is used by cabinet-makers, potters, miners, printers, for certain machines or instruments used by them. A "jigger-sail" is a small mast and sail placed in the stern of a fishing-boat. It is also the name of a small insect, common in the West Indies, which lodges under the toe-nail, causing great irritation and inflammation, and, if not speedily extracted, mortification. A person suffering from the irritation caused by this insect would say, "I am jiggered." This expression would easily pass into a metaphorical use. E. LEATON-BLENKINSOPP. EDWARD BACON, M.P. (8th S. vi. 407).-If information as to the date of Edward Bacon's death has been forwarded, as asked, direct to MR. HOLBOMBE INGLEBY, I may hope for its repetition in the pages of 'N. & Q.,' as the Member of Parliament in question was of more than Norfolk fame. Bacon not only succeeded Sir Robert Walpole as member for King's Lynn in February, 1742, when the statesman was created Earl of Orford, but he sat for Callington during most of the Parliament of 1747 as a colleague of Horace Walpole; and, after being returned for Newport, Cornwall, in 1754, defeating at the poll Jeffery French and Richard Rigby, two of the Duke of Bedford's Bloomsbury gang," he resigned the seat two years later in order to succeed Horatio Walpole at Norwich. He is mentioned in Horace Walpole's correspondence as a not unlikely candidate for the Speakership, and he filled for a time the Chairmanship of Committees. Was he a son of Waller Bacon, who sat for Norwich in six Parliaments earlier in the eighteenth century? DUNHEVED. "HEAR, HEAR!" (8th S. iv. 447; v. 34).— Welsted's Art of Politicks,' 1731, p. 19, gives the following advice to a young aspirant to political honours : If when you speak, you'd hear a Needle fall, And make the frequent hear-hims rend the wall, In matters suited to your Taste engage, Remembring still your Quality and Age. These lines refer to the origin of the names Whig and Tory: Outsides deceive, 'tis hard the Truth to know, Parties from quaint Denominations flow, As Scotch and Irish Antiquaries show. Welsted's lines on the vicissitudines rerum are excellent. W. F. PRIDEAUX, Jaipur, Rajputana. THE GARRICK PAPERS (8th S. vi. 429).-The reference is probably to 'The Private Correspondence of David Garrick,' published in 1832. 4to. WM. DOUGLAS. 1, Brixton Road. in each case is as follows: The Anglo-Saxon g is hard before y, gyth was pronounced güth, with y like the German ü, and the th vocal as "smooth." But A.-S. g was pronounced as y before i, and then fell away. Thus, A.-S. gif was pronounced yif, and is now if. Now in the eleventh and twelfth centuries the i and y were confused, consequently A.-S. g passed into the consonantal y sound, even before the vowel y; so that gyth actually became yith, and, of course, it next became ith. Ealdgyth, being feminine, as I said, had a genitive in e, and so we have Ealdgythe-lege, or Aldithe-lege, Aldithe, genitive Datives occurring conin e; lege, dative in e. stantly in place-names, at or at being understood, the parts of the name being Eald, old, gyth, battle, ley, lea. NOTES ON THE PEDIGREES OF THE AUDLEYS, STANLEYS, AND SNEYDS (8th S. vi. 463).-The statement of the writer of the notes on the early pedigrees of the Audleys, Stanleys, and Sneyds, about Liulf Aldredeslega not being Liulf de Aldithelege is, I think, further confirmed by considering the derivation of Aldithelege. Aldredeslega is obviously Eald-rædes-leah, that is Ealdræd's lea, Ealdræd being a common AngloAnd we must notice the masculine genitive in es. But Aldithelege is obviously Ealdgythelege, that is, Ealdgyth's lea, Ealdgyth being a female name (vide 'Liber Vite' of Durham), so the genitive is in e and not in es. Our Edith was the Anglo-Saxon Eadgyth. The change Saxon name. So you see there is no connexion whatever between the place-names Aldredeslege and Aldithelege, and a great wrong has been done to the memory of my ancestor Liulf de Aldethelege by assuming that he was charged with the murder of Gamel. G. A. SNEYD. Chastleton Rectory. Mr. LEPER HOSPITALS IN KENT (8th S. vi. 428).There was a pest house at Cranbrook when I was at the Grammar School. See 'Annals of Cranbrook Church,' by William Tarbutt (published by Mr. Dennett, Cranbrook, 1873), page 64. Tarbutt quotes the following extract from the parish register:-"1735, July 7, John Polly, of Burwash, died of the small pox in the pest house." It was still called the pest house, Mr. Tarbutt adds, in 1873. S. E. W. ANCIENT BRASSES (8th S. vi. 388).-A correspondent who has been kind enough to send me some information on this subject privately, informs me that the library, drawings, MSS., &c., of the late John Meyrick, of Peterborough House, Parson's Green, were sold by King & Lochée, at their rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, the sale lasting twelve days, from April 21, 1806. On the 66 last day four lots of brasses (2,536-7-8-8*) were disposed of for 21. 28., but the copy of the catalogue in the possession of my correspondent does not give the name of the purchaser. One lot is described as "6 A monumental effigy in brass from Fulham Church," and another as A monumental effigy and ancient inscription on the decease of Margaret Cheyne, 1578." I should much like to trace the present whereabouts of these two brasses. The firm appears to be extinct. Any information or suggestion will be greatly valued. CHAS. JAS. FERET. 49, Edith Road, West Kensington, W. SIR WALTER DE MANNY (8th S. vi. 368).Beltz, Order of the Garter,' p. 122, gives the arms of Sir Walter Manny, K.G., "Or, three chevronels sa.," and states in foot-note : "These arms appear not only in many MSS. of authority, but also on a seal of Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, to a charter, temp. Richard II., the original of which was, according to Sandford, p. 207, in the possession of Sir Edward Walker, Garter." Alloa. A. W. CORNELIUS HALLEN. Beltz, in his 'History of the Order of the Garter (pp. 110, et seq.), gives a full account of this gallant knight, and blazons his arms as "Or, three chevronels sable." These arms appear not only in many MSS. of authority, but also on the seal of Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk, to a charter, temp. Richard II., the original of which was, according to Sandford, penes Sir Edward Walker, Garter. Burke gives "Sable, a cross voided arg.," but cites no authority. Eden Bridge. C. E. GILDERSOME-DICKINSON. GRETA (8th S. vi. 449).-Your correspondent has not mentioned the best-known Greta, thanks to Sir Walter Scott, which falls into the river Tees near Rokeby. R. B. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Portraits in Plaster from the Collection of Laurence Hutton. (New York, Harper Bros.) MR. HUTTON claims-and his pretensions will scarcely be disputed-to possess the largest collection extant of portraits in plaster. His catalogue raisonné of these first saw the light in Harper's Magazine, from which, with large additions both to the illustrations and the text, it is now reprinted. That the mask furnishes an unfailing phrenological index to the shape of the head and the proportion of the features will scarcely be contested. The bandsome volume now issued has, accordingly, keen and abiding interest to students of character, and constitutes a profoundly valuable, if limited, addition to our galleries of portraits. No flattery is there in the mask, which, indeed, does "nothing extenuate nor set down aught in malice." The absolute features are before us, warped in some cases and all but distorted with suffering; happy, recognizable, and full of expression in others; and in others, again, serene, passionless, and the task of exploration once begun is not easily inert. The volume is, accordingly, fertile in suggestion, abandoned. Very large is the collection, but the masks are of unequal authority. In some cases Mr. Hutton can vouch for their authenticity; in others evidence both internal-so to speak-and external has to be conmask of Sheridan, and no surviving member of the family No reference is traceable in literature to any of Coleridge has heard of the existence of a death mask; yet both are here, and both are obviously genuine. Mr. Hutton's collection is not what is ordinarily known as a phrenological collection, and in this is one of its greatest merits. For purposes of contrast, a mask of a Florida negro boy is given at the close. There are, however, no sulted. appalling or agonizing monstrosities. The heads shown us are, with a few exceptions, those of the greatest, wisest, best of mankind-Dante, Shakspeare, Garrick, Kean, Beethoven, Mirabeau, Newton, Thackeray, Keats, Rossetti, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Turner, Wordsworth, Agassiz, Burke, Swift, Scott, Washington, and the like. English estimate, a somewhat disproportionate share, the If American statesmen and actors occupy, according to former are, of course, the subjects of Mr. Hutton's patriotic pride and admiration, while the latter were his personal friends. It is difficult to convey to others the impression made by these revivifications, for such some of them are, of past heroes. What seems a glow of contentment is seen in the broad, square, handsome face of Tasso. Mrs. Siddons's long, interminable nose and large and somewhat flaccid under lip are very salient. The face of Louise of Prussia is exquisite in beauty and repose. Malibran's long face and thick quasi-African lip convey little idea of personal seduction. Beethoven looks coarser, but not less powerful, than in his portraits. Mendelssohn is excellent. Newton's breadth of jaw seems almost grotesque. In Thackeray we scarcely see the broken nose. Coleridge's head is fascinatingly strange and suggestive. In Keats the sensuous beauty of the lips is shown, though we lack the intellectual contrast of the eyes. Johnson's head seems almost grotesque. That of Rossetti conveys an idea altogether unlike that which memory supplies. Leopardi's seems serene and strong. In Scott the supreme altitude of the forehead has an effect almost uncanny. Perhaps the most striking resemblance of all to familiar portraits is found in the mask of Brougham. We have dealt with a few only, and those principally European, of the masks Mr. Hutton has given. The masks of Edwin Booth, one of which serves as frontispiece, do not recall his face as we remember it. The same may be said of the masks of one or two other Americans who have recently passed away. Mr. Hutton's letterpress is interesting as matter and delightful in style. His book is welcome. We only hope that he will live largely to augment his collection, large as this is, and give us companion volumes no less interesting, valuable, and artistic. · Celestina; or, the Tragicke-Comedy of Calisto and Melibea. Englished......by James Mabbe. With Introduc tion by James Fitzmaurice-Kelly. (Nutt.) THE latest volume of Mr. Henley's admirable series of "Tudor Translations" consists of Mabbe's translation of the Celestina' of Fernando de Rojas, known as the longest drama-dramatic poems apart-in the world. It is a curious fact that though editions and translations of this strange, powerful, characteristic, and moving work multiply, all have remained scarce. What, even, is the date of the first Spanish edition-1499, or later remains conjectural, like the authorship of the first, and immeasurably the longest, of its twenty-one acts, or, indeed, the personality of its author. Since its appear- all Staffordshire writers and of all that they have written. ance it has been praised, condemned, translated into a Every book, pamphlet, or printed letter produced by a dozen languages, continued-as though it were not long native of or a resident in the county is here recorded, enough-what not. Yet not one scholar in a hundred together with the name of the writer, whenever this knows anything concerning it, or is aware, even, of its could be obtained, and a brief biography of him or her. existence. Our own introduction took place in 'La Celes- And the list, it need hardly be said, includes not a few tine,' a French translation published at Rouen in 1599, an distinguished names, from Dr. Johnson and Miss Mulock edition, like all the early French renderings, of extreme downwards. All this information has been gathered in scarcity. Later we came on an English translation and arranged and edited by a poor and untaught Staffordincluded in The Spanish Libertines,' 1707, 8vo., a trans-shire man, who when a child was deprived by an accident lation by Capt. John Stevens of four Spanish works, and of both his hands and of the whole of his left arm. He another, by several hands," added to a translation of has, indeed, had the aid of two most efficient assistants: the Life of Guzman d'Alfarache,' of Aleman. Of the the one a devoted wife, the other-Mr. Lomax, of Lichearlier translation by Mabbe we had not heard. It now field-a generous printer, who not only advanced money comes before us, and we unhesitatingly pronounce it one for the work, but actually made its author a weekly of the most interesting and valuable of the delightful allowance to enable him to complete it. He has comseries in which it is included. Fully to explain to those pleted it, and every copy of the book is subscribed for. unfamiliar with the story the nature of Celestina' But the author's little funds are exhausted. He and his would be waste of time. It is the story of a Spanish wife, after years of privation and want, have accomRomeo and Juliet, and is as poignant and fateful as plished a literary purpose of no small importance; and is the story taken by Shakspeare. The surroundings are the county, recognizing this, and sympathizing with his wholly different. The lovers are brought together by misfortune and his energy, is raising for his benefit a Celestina, a creature the infamy of whose calling is only small fund, to which, of course, any one is free and equalled by the subtlety of her spells, using the term with welcome to contribute. Rupert Simms, of Newcastleno superhuman significance. Over all whom she ap-under-Lyme-that is the author's name and his address. proaches her malign influence asserts itself, and she and her dupes alike come to an evil end. Quite unparalleled in vivacity are the pictures of Spanish life and character, and the book when read will not easily be forgotten. Among the characteristics assigned the work by its latest editor is that of "perennial freshness." Seldom, indeed, has the influence of consuming passion been depicted with equal power. For the facts concerning the book, its editions and its translator, the reader must be referred to the introduction of Mr. Fitzmaurice-Kelly, which is ripe in erudition and praiseworthy in insight. All that can be sought or desired is there set down. To those who love to wander along untrodden ways Mabbe's translation will be a delight. Those who know nothing of Celestina' will make a curious acquaintance. Its pictures of human weakness and depravity are striking, and in scenes perhaps too animated for the taste of the day. Seldom, however, has human shortcoming been visited by retribution more swift and condign, and the morality of the lesson won ultimately the recognition of the Cal vinistic conscience. Patient Griselda, and other Poems. By E. Walford. (Chatto & Windus.) WHEN over seventy years of age Mr. Walford, well known in our columns, seeks to light his brows with the crown of poetry. It is true, however, that some of the poems now collected have previously seen the light. They are now first brought together, and show the author to possess a "pretty wit" and great power of expression. The earlier poems deal with legends pleasantly narrated. When we get further into the volume we find danger signals, in the way of politics and personal grievances, which induce us to rest content with introducing the work to our readers. Shakespeare's Much Ado about Nothing. Edited by Bibliotheca Staffordiensis. By Rupert Simms. (Lich- THIS handsome quarto volume, of some 550 pages, is a remarkable example of the pursuit of knowledge under difficulties. It is a dictionary, a catalogue raisonné, of Wadd 2.2 mor By Order of the Sun to Chile to see his Total Eclipse of THE author has already appeared several times before Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, J. G. W. ("Bait").-See 'New English Dictionary.' NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries" "-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. 8. Go, par Queries, with No. 160, Jan. 19, 1805. INDEX. EIGHTH SERIES.-VOL. VI. [For classified articles, see ANONYMOUS WORKS, BIBLIOGRAPHY, BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED, EPIGRAMS, EPITAPHS, A. on paper water-marks, 107 A B C tablets, 368 Adams (F.) on "Tram," 295 Volury Paragone, 278 A. (E. S.) on Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Address On Economy and Frugality,' 113 Royalist inscription, 496 Troy Town, 133 A. (F. W.) on gent, the abbreviation, 417 A. (G. E. P.) on Lamb and 'The Months,' 306 A. (P. I.) on Protestant, 251 Abarbanel, Jewish family name, 237, 298 Accountants, professional, 448, 498 Achon, reference to, 367 Adams family of Seaborough, 467 Adams (F.) on Amarbaricensis, 218 Geason or geson, 232 German bands, 215 Hagoday, its meaning, 295 Jemmy-sheep's head, 138 Jigger, its etymology, 265, 393 Knights of the Carpet, 69 Lamb (Charles), his residence at Dalston, 9 "Mending or ending," 277 Orisons, use of the word, 495 "Over the signature," 184 'Pigs might fly," 344 66 Pin-measure of beer, 175 "Shoter's Hyll," 209, 353 Synall, its meaning, 17 Adeliza of Louvain, her mother, 36, 175, 217, 296 Advent preachers, 48, 158 Against near, 214, 278 |