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of educational institutions. The stipends furnished to parishes by the legislature being quite insufficient to support the clergy and build up church institutions, the vestries resorted to the selling of pews and to lotteries to finish the churches. But the laws, while inadequate to the support of the church, yet served to exasperate its opponents, and made the people lethargic in doing their part. For a time the church seemed to prosper, and it retained, down to the Revolution, a majority of the population of the province. At the beginning of that war there were only two Baptist associations in North Carolina; and while the Methodists were becoming numerous, as a body they were still loyal to the church. A number of young men of the province at this time entered the ministry.

Macartney and Burges and Johnstone, and Blinn and Jones, went over for orders, and returned and did good service. Of the last-mentioned, Edward Jones, it may be said that he suffered the loss of all things to undertake his holy calling. He sold his patrimony to pay the expenses of his journey to England, and, being stricken with illness on his arrival, became penniless in a strange land. He had to walk to London, and sell his clothes to buy food. Some irregularity being found in his papers by the bishop, he was plunged almost into insanity by his desperate condition. Fortunately he recalled the fact that Governor Tryon, whose letters he bore, had a sister living in London, and, finding her, he received her compassionate assistance, and was enabled to surmount his difficulties. His case is here quoted as an instance of the great obstacles which stood in the way of those who would serve the church in her ministry, and to point out once more the cause of the church's tardy growth, by reason of Parliament's refusal to grant her local bishops.

It is to be noted in the case of North Carolina that while the English government established the church, its revenues came entirely from the Assembly of the province. Native taxes furnished such means as were given it by the state; and these, supplemented by voluntary contributions, constituted its entire support. The English government furnished neither bishop nor revenue; though too high praise cannot be given to the Venerable Society, which so long and so generously contributed to the maintenance of the missionaries whom it sent or adopted.

CHAPTER X.

THE COLONIAL CHURCH IN GEORGIA.

GEORGIA was the one American colony founded in benevolence. The unselfish philanthropy of James Edward Oglethorpe suggested and promoted it as a refuge for poor debtors, imprisoned, by the cruel and senseless laws of the time, for poverty, and wasting their lives idly in English. jails. He put upon the seal of the colony the legend, "Non sibi, sed aliis," and it well described the character of the settlement. The purpose of the undertaking seemed to inspire with the spirit of philanthropy those who came to minister to it; and this colony, small as it was, became the seat of the most extensive philanthropic institution of the colonial church-the Bethesda Orphan House established and supported by Whitefield. Interest in the colony lies more in the agents of the Venerable Society than in what was permanently accomplished for the church. With it are associated the names of the great revivers of practical religion in the English Church in the eighteenth century-John and Charles Wesley and George Whitefield. Their efforts in Georgia were heroic. It seems strange that they should not have left a more permanent impression upon it.

The first settlement took place in November, 1732, when Oglethorpe himself, accompanied by a hundred and thirty persons, arrived at Charleston, S. C., and, proceeding to the Savannah River, selected the site and laid out

the town of Savannah. He had served as an aide-de-camp to Prince Eugene, and assisted at the capture of Belgrade, and after his retirement from the army on inheriting the family estates had entered Parliament, in 1732. Being made chairman of a committee on prison reform, his attention was arrested, in the course of his visitation of the prisoners, by the multitude of poor debtors; and the sympathy awakened by their wretched condition resulted in the starting of this colonial enterprise for their relief. He organized a board of trustees, and obtained a grant from King George II. of the territory between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers. The colony was to be distinct from South Carolina, which was quite willing to have a new settlement established as a barrier between her and the Spaniards and Indians of Florida. Benevolent people of his own rank combined with him to compound with the creditors, and by the king's grant all things were made ready. Freedom of religion was to be enjoyed by all except papists; the corporators were to govern for twenty-one years; thereafter the king should ordain the form of government and appoint the officers. Arms and tools were furnished to the settlers. Negro slavery and spirituous liquors were strictly forbidden. Great care was taken to choose the emigrants and exclude the unworthy. As the immigration increased several villages were formed on the Great and Little Ogeechee rivers and elsewhere.

With Oglethorpe and his first company came Rev. Henry Herbert, D.D., as chaplain; but he remained only three months, and returned home to die. Application was made to the Venerable Society for an allowance for Rev. Samuel Quincy, the minister chosen to be settled among them, until the glebe of three hundred acres set apart for the minister became productive for his support. A site for a church was secured, and some benefactions

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received were appropriated to erecting a church building. Communion-plate and a surplice were supplied; so that Mr. Quincy was not wholly unprovided. He had not, however, the stamina of a pioneer missionary, and only stayed two years. There was much grumbling on his part, for which, doubtless, there was occasion enough in such a community. Before he left, John and Charles Wesley arrived. Dr. Burton, of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, was one of the Georgia trustees, and he. commended the enthusiastic brothers to Oglethorpe. Their father, Rev. Samuel Wesley, who had given the pewter communion-plate to the first chaplain, was dead. But after consultation with brother and mother, and much reflection and prayer, the two determined to go to convert the Indians, as well as to minister to the poor white debtors. Could devoutness devoid of common sense have succeeded, their harvest had been abundant. Never was such consecration and such zeal. They set sail in October, 1735, and arrived in February of the following year. Charles stayed but four months. He was assigned to Fredrica, a small village on the island of St. Simon, intended as a bulwark against Spanish invasion. He went at once, and began his strict church discipline, administering strong meat to those to whom even the milk of the gospel was indigestible. He at once insisted on baptizing by immersion all children not physically unable to bear that form of the rite. Four times every day the drum beat to prayers; nor would the ardent idealist relax the discipline in the least for any expostulation. Such efforts proving fruitless, he left for England, convinced, doubtless, of the divineness of his method and the judicial blindness of the people who refused it.

John Wesley abode in Savannah. He began his ministry there on Quinquagesima Sunday, March 7, 1735;