Manners, Arts, and social changes in the principal European States during the period it embraces. The changes and progress in these points in Great Britain, France, and Germany are very fully treated of. The English authors, painters, poets, sculptors, actors, and architects of the most diverse sorts are critically reviewed.

These volumes are lettered outside XV.-XXIII. instead of I.-IX.

This second History was originally published 1852-57, and both Histories are the "best Library Edition."

Allan, Lt.-Col. William.-CHANCELLORSVILLE. (Battle-Fields of Virginia.) See Hotchkiss, Captain Jed.

Allen, Colonel Ethan (1742-1789).—A | NARRATIVE | of | [23] Colonel Ethan Allen's | Captivity, | from the Time of his being taken by the British, near Montreal, on the 25th Day of September, in the Year 1775, to the Time of | his Exchange, on the 6th Day of May, 1778: | Containing, | his Voyages and Travels, With the most remarkable Occurrences respecting himself, and many other Continental Prisoners of different Ranks and Characters, which fell under his Observation, in the Course of the same; particularly the Destruction of the Prisoners at New York, by | General Sir William Howe, in the years 1776 and 1777. Interspersed with some Political Observations. | Written by himself, and now published for the Information of the Curious in all Nations. | Philadelphia: Printed, | Boston: Reprinted | by Draper and Folsom at their Printing | Office, at the Corner of Winter-Street. | MDCCLXXIX. 8vo. Morocco extra, edges gilt. Binding by W. Pratt.

. The author "trusted solely to his memory for the whole" of his Narrative. "I "have," he writes, "been very generous with the British in giving them full and am"ple credit for all their good usage of any considerable consequence which I met with

66

among them during my captivity, which was easily done, as I met with but little, in comparison of the bad, which, by reason of the great plurality of it, could not be "contained in so concise a narrative; so that I am certain that I have more fully "enumerated the favours which I received, than the abuses I suffered."

Colonel Allen was Leader of the "Green Mountain Boys" and in 1775 captured the fort of Ticonderoga, but, being captured while on an expedition to take Montreal, he was nearly slain by "a savage whose hellish visage was beyond all description: snakes' "eyes appear innocent in comparison of his: his features distorted: malice, death, "murder, and the wrath of devils and damned spirits are the emblems of his counte"nance," but was saved by an Irishman, who "drove away the fiend [and some com"panions who had joined the savage], swearing by Jasus he would kill him." Colonel Ethan was sent to England and remained a prisoner of war two and a half

years (1775-1778), till he was exchanged for Colonel Campbell, an English officer. This Narrative is most interesting, but written in violent language. As he himself says, "he was obliged to throw out plenty of extravagant language which answered "certain purposes (at that time) better than to grace a history."

Allen, Joseph Henry.-OUTLINE OF CHRISTIAN HISTORY. A. D. [24] 50-1880. Boston Unitarian Sunday-School Society. 1884. 8vo. Cloth. Index (Topics and Names) 2 col. 147-151.

Allibone, Samuel Austin (1816- )-[Authors.] A CRITICAL [25] DICTIONARY of English Literature, and British and American Authors, living and deceased, From the earliest accounts to the middle of the Nineteenth Century, containing 30,000 Biographies and Literary Notices, with Forty Indexes of Subjects. Philadelphia: Childs & Peterson. Vol. I. 1858. J. B. Lippincott & Co. Vols. II. and III. 1870–71. 3 vols. Impl. 8vo., printed in double columns. Cloth. Indexes, iii. 2911-3139.

· After the Preface (Vol. I.) is an Introduction to Early English Literary History, with Chronological Tables of Prominent Authors and their Works from A. D. 500 to A. D. 1850 (pp. 13–27), and a List of the Kings of England, with dates. The Articles (authors) amounted to over 46,000 in number.

The Indexes are preceded by a very useful Table of the Indexes and Sub-Indexes. Among the authors with "common" names occur 810 Smiths, 330 Wilsons, 325 Williamses, and 251 Taylors; while of the Articles no fewer than 12,829 are of writers on Divinity, the next in numerical strength being of 5194 dispensers of Poetry.

Allingham, William.-BALLAD, THE, BOOK, a Selection of the [26] choicest British Ballads. Edited by Wm. Allingham. Cambridge: Sever and Francis. 1865. 12mo. Morocco, edges gilt. Index (first lines), 395–397.

... The Preface (v.-xxxviii.) gives an account of “How we got our Ballads," with many interesting particulars, and the book consists of 76 ballads, a short description of which is given in the Contents (xxxix.-xlvii.).

Alphand, A. [Paris.] LES PROMENADES DE PARIS: Histoire, de[27] scription des embellissements, dépenses de création et d'entretien des Bois de Boulogne, et de Vincennes, ChampsElysées, Parcs, Squares, Boulevards, Places Plantées, Etude sur L'Art des Jardin et Arboretum. 487 gravures sur bois, 80 sur acier, 23 chromolithographies. Paris: J. Rothschild.

1867-1873. 2 vols., large folio. Half russia. Illust. vol. ii. a. t.

... Vol. I. consists of the Text and wood engravings which are incorporated therewith. At the end are given (1) Table of Contents, (2) Arrangements for binding in one or in two volumes, and (3) Table of the Contents and of the Illustrations arranged alphabetically, 4 col. 8 pp.

Vol. II. has a handsome Frontispiece by way of Title-page; then the Index of Illustrations (taken from Vol. I.) and the whole-page Illustrations separate from the Text. The twenty-two chromolithographs which illustrate the Ornamental Flowers of the Walks in Paris are very well done and are charming to the eye.

Alviella, Count Goblet d'.-CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION OF RELIGIOUS THOUGHT. See D'Alviella.

American Commonwealths.-AMERICAN COMMONWEALTHS: A [28] Series of Historical Studies. By various Authors. Edited by Horace E. Scudder. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 1886, etc. 16mo. Half russia, top edges gilt. [In course of publication.] Index, 2 col. at end of each vol.

. This series is one of three on "American History, Statesmanship, and Litera"ture." The volumes are printed and bound in a uniform style. There is a Map to each vol.

The Editor's object is to narrate the history of such States of the Union as have exerted a positive influence in the shaping of the national government, or have a striking political, social, or economical history.

The volumes already (March, 1888) issued are shortly described below:

CALIFORNIA from the Conquest in 1846 to the Second Vigilance [28a] Committee in San Francisco. A Study of American Character. By Josiah Royce.

A most interesting account of the rise and progress of this State. The Author's mother was a California pioneer of 1849. Gold was discovered in 1848; in 1849 a State Constitution was framed, and in 1850 the State was admitted into the Union. The struggles for order and the establishment of the two Vigilance Committees, their rise and progress and the evolution of order by the suppression of the ruffian element that had been attracted to the country by the gold fever, are the principal topics discussed.

The description of San Francisco and its successive fires in December, 1849, May, 1850, May, 1851, and June of the same year, tells a wonderful story worth remembering. The author deals with the history of the Social Evolution of San Francisco in a very entertaining manner. The ownership of "blue blood," according as one's pedigree is discoverable in the State prior to or subsequent to the "Forty-niners,” is dwelt on in Chapter V. (sec. 2).

CONNECTICUT: A Study of a Commonwealth Democracy. By [286] Alexander Johnston.

... In the Appendix are given a copy of "The Constitution of 1639,” a “ Bibliog"raphy" for the study of Connecticut, and List of "The Governors of Connecticut." In this State the Governors were chosen annually until 1876 and thereafter for two years. Until John Winthrop's second election (1659) immediate reëlection was forbidden. John Winthrop was Governor 1657-58 and then 1659-76. Slavery was abolished in 1818, and in the War of 1861-65, besides bearing her share of the common burdens, Connecticut contributed $10,000,000 for military purposes-a burden of debt "under which many of the towns are still staggering."

KANSAS: The Prelude to the War for the Union. Third Thou[28c] sand. By Leverett Wilson Spring.

.. The Author has "endeavored to exhibit the logic and spirit of the first actual "national conflict between slaveholding and free-labor immigrants." Kansas was constituted a Territory in 1854, and became the vanguard in the great struggle which resulted in the overthrow of slavery in the United States. It was admitted into the Union as a State in January, 1861, and took an active part in furnishing troops for the Union Cause.

Naturally a good deal of space is devoted to the story of John Brown from his coming into Kansas in 1855, his raid upon the Pottawatomie in 1856, and his final visit to Kansas "to strike a blow at Slavery," in the expedition across the Missouri, when he liberated 11 slaves, and though the Governor put a price of $3000 upon his head, "piloted the 11 liberated bondmen northward and saw Kansas no more." The volume closes with a Bibliography of publications used in the preparation of the book. KENTUCKY: A Pioneer Commonwealth. Third Edition. By [28d] N. S. Shaler.

... The writer, a native of Kentucky, was a Unionist during the War of 1861-65. The Appendix (pp. 409-427) contains the "Resolutions of 1798" protesting against the action of the Federal Congress in "enacting the alien and sedition laws;" various Tables from the Census Returns; and a "List of Kentucky Histories and Books "relating to the Subject alphabetically arranged." Kentucky was received into the Union with its present limits in 1792. As a Slave State a 66 large proportion of her "people sympathized with the South during the War of 1861-65; but the Union "party, sustained by the presence of Federal troops, were strong enough to prevent "the secession of the State."

The story of Daniel Boone is told, but Mr. Shaler deposes him from his position "in history as the typical pioneer," and shows that many others had preceded him. The last the Author tells of him is how "this singular, guileless man, now aged, went "into the then far West. Boone had lost all his 'land locations' in Kentucky through "a lack of capacity to care for his affairs; and so, when near 70 years old, he removed "to Missouri, hoping to make a new life in that wilderness." The State begged and Congress granted him a gift of 10,000 acres of land. These, too, were soon lost in some lawsuits, “so that the brave old man who had helped to conquer an empire died "landless at last."

MARYLAND: The History of a Palatinate. Third Edition. By [28] William Hand Browne.

... Maryland, named Terra Mariæ in honor of Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles the First, was the thirteenth and last State that joined the Confederation. It was colonized in 1634 and by its Charter (which constituted the first proprietary government established in America) was erected into a palatinate equivalent to a principality, reserving only the feudal supremacy of the Crown. Maryland fought in the War of Independence, but no military operations of any consequence took place on her soil. The boundary line, measured over a degree of the meridian by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in 1763-1767, is the famous Mason and Dixon's line separating the Northern from the Southern States.

The volume closes with the War of Independence. The subject of the Toleration granted to all except those who should blaspheme the Holy Trinity or make reproachful speeches against the Saints is dealt with largely and careful investigation is shown. The Toleration speedily vanished, the Proprietors were overturned for not proclaiming William and Mary, and disabilities were imposed upon Roman Catholics and Dissenters and the Church of England established.

Washington resigned his commission as Commander-in-chief at Annapolis in Dec. 1783.

MICHIGAN: A History of Governments. Second Edition. By [28] Thomas McIntyre Cooley.

... Mr. Cooley aptly remarks in the Preface: "The changes of Sovereign as well "as of subordinate jurisdiction have been greater in Michigan than in any other part "of the American Union. France, Great Britain, and the United States have succes"sively had dominion over it, and under the United States it was part of the Northwest "Territory, and of the Territory of Indiana, before it became the Territory of Mich"igan. As Michigan Territory it passed through all the grades of subordinate juris"diction so that altogether it seemed appropriate that it should be sketched

"as a history of governments."

NEW YORK: The Planting and the Growth of the Empire [28g] State. 2 vols. By Ellis H. Roberts.

.. Mr. Roberts details the attempts to occupy this land by the French, the Dutch, and the Swedes, the attitude of the Iroquois towards the successive settlers, and the eventful periods of New York as an English colony, then in Revolution, and as a State in the Union down to the present time. Chapter 34 (vol. 2) gives an interesting outline of the Literature of the City and State, and the work closes with a hopeful account of the Primacy of New York and the development that awaits her in all that constitutes the glory of a free Commonwealth.

OREGON The Struggle for Possession. Fourth Edition. By [28] William Barrows.

... This volume is naturally one of the most interesting of the series, dealing as it does with the attempt and failure of John Jacob Astor in 1811 to establish a fur trad