6. Here is a diagram that will explain how the hair is retained in the skin, and f you examine it attentively you will be able to understand the relative positions if the various parts, some of which we hall have to consider hereafter. The dial ram represents a section of the human calp, showing the manner in which the air penetrates it; aissthe hair follicle; the hair within the follicle; c, the epi ermis dd, the sebaceous glands opening nto the hair-folliclese, the fatty tissue, with he cellular tissue underneath it, in which he base of the hair follicle is embedded..1 7. As we have seen above, the sweat glands are connected with the

hair-follicles; and, in the accompanying figure, you will observe that there are no less than six of these glands opening into Saw the thair- follicle which lo shirts belongs to the beard.ro Fig. 2. 18. The shaft of the hair that part which you discerns above the face of the skin (Fig. 1., b), and if you low it into that membrane, you will see that it is lodged ried in a fold of what is goby termed basement membrane, or its follicle, which is larger or bulbous at lower part, like the hair which is inside it. The accompanying diagram will enable you to underZstand the relative positions of the adja cent parts to the hair. 191 Fig. 3.+2 9. The hair follicle merely a turning-in of the skin, so as invest the hair, and its inside is a connuation of the epidermis; for the cells on of the e of the same nature (Fig. 2., c), the

the

For an explanation of the various terms reting to the structure of the skin, see Family riend, vol i., p. 21, New Series.

Fig. 3. Section of the bulb of a hair; a, mass cells in the centre of the hair, filled with pigent; b, basement membrane of the hair follicle; layer of epidermic cells; d, imbricated cells, aded with pigment at the lower part, and beoming gradually compressed as they approach he surface of the skin; e, layer of imbricated ells.c

1510. The hair grows from the bottom of the follicle, being formed by the secretions of these cells, and being gradually pushed upwards by them, so as to increase its length.

11. As the cells ascend in the bulb of the hair

thear they tecome larger until they reach the central part- hence the increased size of the bulb; but when the shaft commen fact, fibrous the cells become longer, denser, and,

12. By simply crushing the hair, we are able to discern its fibrous nature; but this may be more readily demonstrated after the hair has been softened by maceration in an acid.

13. Hair consists of a cortical or fibrous horny texture which invests it, and a medullary or pith-like substance, which is observed on the inside.

14. The cortex or bark of the hair, is formed by a single layer of cells being imbricated (Fig. 2., e), and forming a thin layer outside the fibrous tissue of the shaft. These cells overlap each other, so that their edges give a serrated feel and appearance to the hair. If you rub your finger from root to point over a hair, and then rub it backwards, you will find that its surface is serrated; and, if the hair is v very large, you will find that the roughness is greater,-because there is usually a double series of imbrications in the large hairs.

Fig.4.t

15. If we make a longitudinal section bat saf of the shaft of a hair, we find that the centre is made up of a series of cells, filled up with pigment, contained in the fibrous part of its substance. In order to observe this ap

Fig. 5.1

* See § 7, vol. i. New Series, p, 22.

and

+ Fig. 4.-A portion of hair magnified so as to show the imbrication of the outside.

Fig. 5.-Longitudinal section of a hair, show

pearance, we must use a sharp razor to make the section, and a magnifying power of about 150; but as every person is not able to do so, we have given a diagram of the appearance of the longitudinal section

of the hair.

Fig. 6.*

16. If we take a hair and cut it across with a sharp razor, so as to make a very thin section of it-a mere shaving, in fact-we shall observe three parts: first, a thin varnish-like layer of flattened cells; then a set of fibres, which are placed further apart as they approach the centre, which is dotted here and there with pigment-cells in some hairs, but is always loose and looks like pith. 17. Hair is not always of the same shape; for example, in the eyebrows and eyelashes the hair is thicker in the centre than at the extremities; but generally hair is thicker at the root than the free end, which tapers considerably. Sometimes hair is circular, at other times oval or kidney-shaped, or semicircular.

18. Hair may be long and straight, or short and curly; silky, coarse, or woolly; dry or moist.

19. Human hair averages about 7th of an inch in thickness; which is the same as saying that four hundred hairs, laid side by side, would only measure one inch across. The hair of women is coarser than that of men, being from about toth of an inch in thickness.

th

20. The hair varies in length according to situation, sex, and race. In the Kurilian race, there are individuals who have hair growing down the back and covering nearly the whole body. The average length of the beard is ten inches, but some men have had beards that swept the ground. Women have also been met with, whose hair reached to their feet; but yet the ordinary length is only from twenty to forty inches.

21. Colour influences its texture: thus flaxen hair is said to be the finest, and black the coarsest; and as hair becomes gray, it becomes coarser. Withof, a

ing the imbrication of the cortex, and the pigment cells in the fibrous part.

Singhalese ......black.

It is worthy of remark with respect to the colour of the hair, that it varies with the colour of the iris, or coloured part of the eye, and the general hue of the skin. It has been remarked, and with more degree of truth than is generally believed, that the darker the hair the stronger the body, and vice versa.

23. The difference of colour in human

the three different textures.

BISHOP ANDREWS. LAUNCELOT ANDREWS, the descendant of a respectable and religious family, in the county of Suffolk was born at London, in 1555. A part of his education was conducted by Mr. Richard Mulcaster, a celebrated teacher of those times, and he early distinguished himself by unusual proficiency in the learned languages. He became a student at the University of Cambridge, where he received a scholarship, and gained great reputation for his eloquence as a lecturer in theology. He instituted also a series of animated explanations and enforcements of the "Decalogue," to the undergraduates, which commanded their admiration, as well as that of the whole University. I

Afterwards, he was induced to accompany Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, President of the Council of York, into the north, where his zeal and eloquence aided the cause of Protestantism. His talents having thus been brought to the knowledge of Walsingham, Secretary to Elizabeth, he was rapidly promoted, as Master of Pembroke-hall, Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen, Prebendary and Dean of Westminster. Twice, also, during that reign, ne received the offer of a bishopric, which he deemed it expedient to refuse.

After the accession of James I., who greatly admired his pulpit eloquence, and respected his piety, the tide of promotion flowed on with a wonderful rapidity. He was appointed Lord Almoner, Privy-counsellor of England and Scotland, Dean of the Chapel Royal, Bishop of Chichester, Ely, and finally of Winchester.

This influx of honours did not impair his singular humility, or create, in any measure, conformity to the spirit of the world.

ment on parliamentary authority, tending to an infraction of the Constitution. He was distinguished both by great learning and great industry. He conscientiously considered time, talents, and possessions, as consecrated to his high and holy duties. His whole life passed under an abiding sense of this solemn stewardship. His hospitality was constant, and when his station required, elegant. There was in him no principle of ostentation, but a regard for justice, which caused him to consult fitness and propriety in all things. He sought out and patronized humble merit, relieving the poor and sick with unwearied liberality. He rejoiced to release the prisoner from his cell, and to send clothing, food, or medicine to the sufferer, preferring to do it so secretly that they might not discover whence the benefaction came. Applications from strangers in distress he received with a perpetual welcome; and it was observed that he never distributed alms for others, without augmenting them by his own private bounty.

Truth in word and deed was an ele mentary part of his character, and his integrity in the various and important offices committed to his charge was incorruptible. Such prudence and diligence did he devote to his numerous occupations both in church and state, that it was said by cotemporaries that he never undertook any business, or inhabited any mansion, without leaving it in a better condition than when it came into his hands.

His affability won the hearts of those with whom he associated; and his gratitude to those who had shown him tae slightest favours, was equalled only by his generosity. This sweet sentiment of grateful remembrance was peculiarly fervid towards those who had aided him, when young, in the acquisition of knowledge. To Mr. Mulcaster, the instructor of his boyhood, he continued through life to manifest the most respectful regard, and caused his portrait to be placed over the door of his study. A teacher of his earlier childhood having died, ere he was in a situation to give substantial proofs of his faithful recognition, he sought out his son, and bestowed on him a valuable

He took peculiar pleasure in

searching the Universities for young men of promise and piety, that he might reward and promote them according to their merits.

He conducted a correspondence with some of the first scholars of Europe, being himself distinguished by great learning. He possessed a knowledge of fifteen languages, and in the conference at Hampton Court, his name stands first of those to whom the new translation of the Scriptures was committed. The portion executed by him, was a share of the Pentateuch, and the books from Joshua to the first of Chronicles. In the preface to the "Collation of the Old Interpreters," by Boisius, he is designated as the "miracle and oracle of our age in languages, a Mithridates in art, an Aristotle in his own person, embracing all accomplishments; so that while others have been content with one, he has in himself seemed to comprise the whole."

His literary labours, as well as those in the pulpit, were unwearied and abundant. Many sermons and treatises evince his learning and piety. His "Private Devotions, and Manual for the Sick," have passed through more numerous editions than any of his other published writings. They were originally composed in Greek, he having a peculiar fondness for that language, so that his thoughts naturally flowed forth in it, while its structure, and the compound epithets in which it abounds, seemed, in his opinion, to strengthen the ideas, and quicken with new life, the meditations that they clothed. This manuscript work, which was not translated until after his death, he often used in his closet devotions.

During his last illness, it was almost constantly in his hands. "It was found," says one of his biographers, worn thin by his fingers and wet with his tears."

66

Some have supposed, that amid the wide compass of his intercessions for all classes of mankind, there was peculiar tenderness of expression for the dwellers upon the great deep. If this is a fact, it is easily explained by his filial affections, his father having been a mariner. This was doubtless in his mind, in a bequest made in his last will, of several thousand pounds, the interest of which was to be divided, four times in a year, among

For the liberation of all who are in bonds,

For our absent friends and families,

For those who traverse the wide ocean,'

For all who are bending under infirmity.

Deep calleth unto deep, depth of our wretchedness unto the depth of thy mercy.

Be merciful, and spare ;

Impute not, arraign not, remember not. Behold, if thou be a Father, and we be children, as a father pitieth his children, so pity us, O Lord.

Behold, if thou be Lord, and we be servants, our eyes wait upon thee, until thou have mercy upon us. Although we were neither children nor servants, but only as dogs, we might yet be allowed to eat of the crumbs that fall from thy table.

I believe that Christ came to save that which was lost.

Thou who came to save that which was lost, Suffer not that to be lost which thou hast saved!

Bishop Andrews lived eminently a life of prayer. As it drew towards its close, all his thoughts were above. When he could no longer speak audibly, his lips moved in supplication, even while he eemed to slumber. Becoming too feeble for this effort, the lifting up of his eyes, and their deep, unearthly glance, told the prayer of the heart.

He died at the age of 71, on the 27th of December, 1626, at Winchester House, and was buried in St. Saviour's Church,