109-Patchouli. J. S.-Dry the leaves of atchouli in drawers; let each leaf lie singly in the dark: turn it over once a day for a fortnight; it will then be sufficiently dry. If this plan is adopted they will retain their scent.

110-Conduct to Servants. G.-Politeness is as necessary to a happy intercourse with the inhabitants of the kitchen, as with those of the parlour; it lessens the pains of service, promotes kind feelings on both sides, and checks unbecoming familiarity; always thank them for what they do for you, and always ask rather than command their services.

111-Toleration. E. L.-Toleration is the great lesson of travel. As in a small way a man may mortify spiritual pride by strolling on Sunday in a city from church to church, each of which is regarded by its sect as the true strait gate, so in a large way is he benefited by wintering in Rome and then shipping at Naples for the East. For thus he learns the truth emphasized with all magnificence, that neither upon this mountain nor yet at Jerusalem is the only spot of worship. In Rome you may see the pomp of the world's ancient metropolis surrounding the pope. In Damascus the meanest beggar would spit upon the pope with loathing.

112-Amount of Food Required by Animals. P. D.-Of hay, an ox requires 2 per cent. a day of his live weight. That is, if the ox weighs 2,000 lbs., he requires 40 lbs. of hay. If he is working, he will take 24 per cent. A milch cow should have 3 per cent. of her weight, as she is proportionably lighter than the ox, and part of the substance of her food goes to form milk. A fatting ox may be fed 5 per cent. at first, 4h per cent, when half fat, and afterwards 4 per cent. This is independent of other food. A grown sheep will take 3 per cent. of its weight in hay, to keep in good store condition. Animals in a growing state require most food, and it is very poor economy to stint them.

118-Geese. M.-Geese can only be kept to advantage where there are old fields or commons for them to graze in, as grass is an important article of their food. If well kept, a goose will lay a hundred eggs in a year. In France, where great attention is paid to the raising of geese, they do not allow the goose to sit herself, but they put her eggs under common fowls, giving four or five eggs to each hen. If the goose is permitted to sit, she must be plentifully and regularly fed during the process. When the young ones are hatched, they should be kept in a warm dry place for four days or more (according to the weather), and fed with lettuceleaves boiled in milk. They will then begin to graze a little.

114-The Home of Taste. P. C.-How easy it is to be neat-to be clean! How easy it is to arrange the rooms with the most graceful propriety! How easy it is to invest our house with the truest elegance! Elegance resides not with the upholsterer or the draper; it is not in the mosaics, the carpetings, the rosewood, the mahogany, the candelabra, or the marble ornaments: it exists in the spirit, presiding over the chambers of the dwelling. Contentment must always be most graceful; it sheds serenity over the scene of its abode; it transforms a waste into a garden. The home lighted by these intimations of a brighter life may be wanting in

much which the discontented may desire; but to its inhabitants it will be a place, far outvieing the oriental in brilliancy and glory.

115-Bale at which the Wings of Insects Move. Y. A.-The buzzing and humming noises produced by winged insects are not as you suppose vocal sound. They result from sonorous undulations imparted to the air by the flapping of their wings. This may be rendered evident by observing, that the noise always ceases when the insect alights on any object. The sirene has been ingeniously applied for the purpose of ascertaining the rate at which the wings of such creatures flap. The instrument being brought into unison with the sound produced by the insect, indicates, as in the case of any other musical sound, the rate of vibration. In this way it has been ascertained that the wings of a gnat flap at the rate of 15,000 times per second. The pitch of the note produced by this insect in the act of flying is, therefore, more than two octaves above the highest note of a seven-octave pianoforte.

116-Your Mother. C. Y.-Children ought to love, obey and honour their parents. Let your mother in particular, who, in your tender years, has the more immediate charge of you, be on earth the most sacred object of your affections. Let her be your friend and chief confidant. Conceal nothing from her, but make her acquainted with the company which you keep, the books which you read, and even the faults which you commit! Happy is the son, and particularly the daughter, who are not afraid to communicate to their mother their more secret thoughts. Whilst they remain thus artless and undisguised, they are free from danger. Children, obey your parents in youth; but whenever you are no longer under their care, let not your reverence abate. If by the providence of God you should rise above them in the world, grow not ashamed of them. While they are bending under the infirmities of old age, still continue to treat them with respect as well as affection.

117-Guard against Vulgar Language. S.C.There is as much connection between the words and the thoughts, as there is between the thoughts and the words; the latter are not only the expression of the former, but they have a power to re-act upon the soul and leave the stains of their corruption there. A young man who allows himself to use one profane or vulgar word, has not only shown that there is a foul spot on his mind, but by the utterance of that word he extends that spot and inflames it, till by indulgence, it will soon pollute and ruin the whole soul. Be careful of your words, as well as your thoughts. If you can control the tongue, that no improper words are pronounced by it, you will soon be able to control the mind and save it from corruption. You extinguish the fire by smothering it, or by preventing bad thoughts bursting out in language. Never utter a word anywhere, which you would be ashamed to speak in presence of the most religious man. Try this practice a little, and you will soon have command of yourself.

118-The Pendulum. M. C. H. The pendulum is a time-keeper, because the times of the vibrations are very nearly equal, whether it be moving much or little; that is to say, whether the arc described by it be large or small. A common clock is merely a pendulum, with wheel

work attached to it, to record the number of the vibrations; and with a weight or spring, having force enough to counteract the retarding effects of friction and the resistance of the air. The wheels show how many swings or beats of the pendulum have taken place, because at every beat, a tooth of the last wheel is allowed to pass. Now, if this wheel has sixty teeth, as is common, it will just turn round once for sixty beats of the pendulum, or seconds; and a hand fixed on its axis, projecting through the dial plate,

will be the second hand of the clock. The other wheels are so connected with this first,

and the numbers of the teeth on them so proportioned, that one turns sixty times slower than the first, to fit its axis to carry a minute hand; and another, by moving twelve times slower still, is fitted to carry an hour-hand.

119-Respect for the Aged. F. F.-There is something venerable in age. In all nations the "The hoary highest respect has been paid to it. head," says Solomon, "is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness.' The patriarchs were a kind of Lares among the tribes of their descendants. Among the Egyptians, the young were obliged to rise up in the presence of the old, and on every occasion, resign them the most honourable seat. The Spartans borrowed this law from them, and rigidly enforced it among their youth. They never thought of its" breaking the spirit" of their rising warriors to require this submission. Job sets it down as a mark of deplorable degeneracy among his people, that they that were younger than he, had him in derision. It stands imperishably recorded as one of Heaven's high commands, that honour is to be given to father and mother. This, too, is the command" with promise"-a promised blessing to those who obey, but an implied curse, yea, a cutting off from the land, to those who disregard it. It has been supposed that our republican institutions are not favourable to the growth of this spirit. There is the more need, then, that it be assiduously cultivated. The mind, even in infancy, should be deeply imbued with it. And "venerate the aged" should be, with our whole people, one of the fixed maxims of life, no one allowing himself any departure from it.

120-Use of Tomatoes and Elderberries, W.The question may be answered by reprinting the letter of an American lady on the subject: "In reply to an inquiry whether green tomatoes can be applied to any useful purpose, I may just state how they have been used in my mother's family for several years past, and thought to be very good. As late in the season as we can obtain a sufficient quantity of ripe tomatoes and green ones together, we make them into a jam, by using two parts of tomatoes (after the skins have been taken off) to one part of molasses, or wet sugar, and stewing them together till sufficiently done to keep-say an hour or more. If the weather should be very warm after the jam is made, it may need heating over. We generally use more ripe tomatoes than green ones in this way, as we take part of the green ones for making sliced pickles similar to the "Indian pickles," except that we put with the sliced tomatoes nearly an equal quantity of cabbage cut fine, and use less onion. For both jam and pickles we frequently use the tomatoes after they are somewhat frostbitten. Elderberries are very good when dried,

mixed with a small quantity of dried currants or some other sour fruit. In preparing them for use, they require but little stewing, and should have a teaspoonful of flour moistened and stirred into them just before they are done, to thicken them a little. Vinegar is sometimes used instead of sour fruit, but it is not so good."

121-Show Furniture.M.-Furniture too good to be used is a nuisance. What can be more

unpleasant than the aspect of a room, or suite of rooms, where everything is bagged up? Chairs and sofas in pinafores, mirrors in muslin, a druggeted carpet, a hearth-rug wrong side out, and a chandelier in a sack, seen by rays of light that struggle in edgeways through the slits in the shutters, and exhaling that particular brownholland fragrance which belongs to drawingrooms in masquerade dress, form one of the most cheerless, dispiriting, unhumanlike spectacles in the diorama of domestic life. We would as lief be ushered into a vault as into such an apartment. Nothing can be more chilling to the feelings, except, perhaps, a perspective view of the family wash taking an airing on the clothes-lines. Give us furniture that is made for wear

tables upon which you can bring down your fist with an emphasis, without throwing the lady of the house into hystericschairs that you can lean back in-carpets that you can promenade upon-in a word, give us comfort, and let us wear things out. It is provoking to see chairs and sofas preserved for years without spot or blemish, while the wrinkles are multiplying in the face, and the gray hairs on the head of the proprietor. For these and sundry other reasons, we have an especial spirit against show furniture.

122-Truth. B.C.-You ask what truth is, and a writer two hundred years ago thus answers you. "Truth is the glory of time, and the daughter of eternity, a title of the highest grace, and a note of Divine nature; she is the life of religion, the light of love, the grace of wit, and the crown of wisdom; she is the beauty of valour, the brightness of honour, the blessing of reason, and the joy of faith; her truth is pure gold, her time is right precious, her word most gracious. and her will is most glorious; her essence is in God, and her dwelling with his servants; her will is in her wisdom, and her work to his glory: she is honoured in love, and graced in constancy; in patience admired, and in charity beloved; she is the angel's worship, the virgin's fame, the saint's bliss, and the martyr's crown; she is the king's greatness, and his council's goodness, his subject's peace, and his kingdom's praise; she is the life of learning, and the light of the law, honour of trade, and the grace of labour; she hath a pure eye, a plain hand, a piercing wit, and a perfect heart; she is wisdom's walk in the way of holiness, and takes up her rest but in the resolution of goodness; her tongue never trips, her heart never faints, her hand never fails, and her faith never fears; her church is without schism, her court without vanity, and her kindom without villany. In sum, so infinite is her excellence in the construction of all sense, that I will thus only conclude in the wonder of her worth, she is the nature of perfection in the perfection of Nature, where God, in Christ, shows the glory of Christianity."

123-Shoes. G. S.-Whenever shoes or boots are taken from the feet, it will greatly prolong the upper leather from cracking, if the wearer was to bend back the sole of the shoe on the knee, or the back of a chair, and also pinch up the upper leather; it should be done when warm from the feet. Shoes worn only once a week should be done in this manner every Sunday night. When put on again the next Sunday morning, they will have the feel of a new pair.

124-Good Habits. M.-There were four good habits a wise and good man earnestly recommended in his counsels, and by his own example, and which he considered essentially necessary for the happy management of temporal concerns; these are, punctuality, accuracy, steadiness, and despatch. Without the first, time is wasted; without the second, mistakes the most hurtful to our own credit and interest, and that of others may be committed; without the third, nothing can be well done; and without the fourth opportunities of advantage are lost, which it is impossible to reveal.

125-Botany. H. M.-By all means apply yourself to this interesting pursuit. The science of botany, from its beauty, order, and regularity, presents innumerable proofs of intelligence and infinite wisdom in Him who crowned the monarchs of the forest, and painted the delicate corolla of the blushing flower. Solomon, we are informed, " considered the herbs of the field, from the cedar of Lebanon to the hyssop that grows on the wall," and, no doubt, much of the wisdom that shone so conspicuous in his character, was derived from his communings with these bright teachers.

126-Pomatum. S. S.-The article now sold under this name, is very different from the original composition. This was called pomatum from its containing apples, pomum, Lat. Gerarde tells us: "There is made an ointment with the pulp of apples, and swine's grease, and rosewater, which is used to beautify the face, and to take away the roughness of the skin, which is called in shops pomatum, of the apples whereof it is made." As the pomatum of the present day contains not a particle of apple, it is improper to apply the original name to perfumed grease.

127--Sea-sickness. M. E. The traveller, strictly to maintain his perpendicularity, that is. to keep the centre of gravity always over the support of his body, requires standards of comparison, which he obtains chiefly by the perpendicularity, or known position of things about him, as on land; but on ship-board, where the lines of the masts, windows, furniture, &c. are constantly changing, his standards of comparison are soon lost or disturbed. Hence, also, the reason why persons unaccustomed to the motion of a ship, often find relief by keeping their eyes directed to the fixed shore, where it is visible, or by lying on their backs, and shutting their eyes; and, on the other hand, the ill-effects of looking over the side of the vessel at the restless waves of the sea.

tion of your mind. Keep good company, or none. Make few promises. Live up to all your engagements. Keep your own secrets, if you have any. Good company and good conversation are the very sinews of virtue. Never listen to loose and infidel conversation. If any one speaks evil of you, let your life be so virtuous that none will believe him. Ever live, misfortune excepted, within your income. Earn your money before you spend it.

129-Courteous Behaviour. C. E. E.-The way to make yourself pleasing to others, is to show that you care for them. The whole world is like the miller at Mansfield, "who cared for nobody-no, not he-because nobody cared for him." And the whole world will serve you so, if you give them the same cause. Let every one, therefore, see that you do care for them, by showing them what Sterne so happily calls, "the small, sweet courtesies of life," those courtesies in which there is no parade; whose voice is too still to tease, and which manifest themselves by tender and affectionate looks, and little kind acts of attention, giving others the preference in every little enjoyment at the table, in the field, walking, sitting, or standing.

130-Forced Fruits. M. T. B.-Forced fruits realise a high price from the early period at which they are brought to market, and not from superiority of size or flavour, as their dearness leads many persons to imagine. Indeed, forced fruits are very inferior to those of natural growth the former are obtained at a season when there is little light, whereas the latter are matured in the full blaze of a summer's sun. Thus, melons grown in frames, covered with mats, and carefully excluded from the influence of that solar light which is indispensable to their perfection, have, whatever may be their external beauty, none of that luscious flavour which the melon, when well cultivated, possesses so eminently.

131-Music. S.-Let your daughters cultivate music by all means. Every woman who has an aptitude for music or for singing, should bless God for the gift, and cultivate it with diligence; not that she may dazzle strangers, or win applause from a crowd, but that she may bring gladness to her own fireside. The influence of music in strengthening the affections, is far from being perceived by many of its admirers; a sweet melody binds all hearts together as it were, with a golden chord; it makes the pulses beat in unison, and the heart thrill with sympathy. But the music of the fireside must be simple and unpretending; it does not require brilliancy of execution, but tenderness of feeling-a merry time for the young-a more subdued strain for the aged, but none of the noisy clap-trap which is popular in public.

their own sake, because the principles give their value to the action, not the action to the principles, for they are but dross. The principles are the gold on which is to be placed the stamp, and if the gold is not good, the stamp, though it often deceives the people, gives it no real worth: and he who graves the queen's image on base metal is punished for his forgery.

136-Glass Pearls. G. R. C.Glass pearls, though among the most beautiful, inexpensive and common ornaments for woman now made, are produced by a very singular process. In 1656, about 200 years ago, a Venetian, nand Jaquin, discovered that the scales of a species fish, called the bleak-fish, possessed the pmperty of communicating a pearly hue to water. He found, by experiment, that beads, dipped in this water, assumed, when dried, the appearance of pearls. It proved, however, that the pearly coating, when placed outside, was easily rubbed off, and the next improvement was to make the carried on even to this day in Venice. The beads are all blown separately. By means of a small tube, the insides are delicately coated with this liquid, and a wax coating is placed over that. It requires the scales of four thousand fishes to produce half a pint of the liquid, to which small quantities of sal ammonia and isinglass are afterwards added.

134-Tea. J. J.-Tea, as the morning beverage, when breakfast forms a good substantial meal, upon which the powers for the day of meeting the various chances and changes of life depend, provided it be not too strong, is much to be recommended; but when individuals eat little, coffee certainly supports them in a more decided manner; and, besides this, tea, without a certain quantity of solid aliment, is much more likely to influence the nervous system. Some persons, if they drink tea in the morning and coffee at night, suffer much in the animal spirits and in the power of enjoyment of the pleasures of society; but if they reverse the system, and take coffee in the morning, and tea at night, they reap benefit from the change; for the coffee, which to them in the morning is nutritious, becomes a stimulus at night; and the tea, which acts as a diluent at night, gives nothing for support during the day.

135-Glass broken by Hot Water. T.-No person would be so indiscreet as to hazard the breaking of glass, by pouring hot water upon it if he but understood the simple means of accounting for its destruction. It is as follows: "If hot water be poured into a glass with a round bottom, the expansion produced by the heat of the water will cause the bottom of the glass to enlarge; while the sides, which are not heated, retain their former dimensions, and, consequently, if the heat be sufficiently intense, the bottom will be forced from the sides, and a crack or flaw will surround that part of the glass by which the sides are united to the bottom. If, however, the glass be previously washed with a little warm water, so that the whole is gradually heated, and, therefore, gradually expanded, then the hot water may be poured in without danger; because, although the bottom will expand as before, yet the sides also enlarge, and the whole vessel undergoes a similar change of heat."

137-Airing Rooms. W. E. C.-It is a common mistake to open all the lower part of the windows of an apartment; whereas, if the upper part, also, were opened, the object would be more speedily effected. Thus, the air in an apartment is generally heated to a higher temperature than the external air, either by the heat supplied by the human body, or by lamps, candles or fires. This renders it lighter than the external air; and, consequently, the external air will rush in at all openings at the lower part of the room, while the warmer and lighter air passes out at the higher openings. If a candle be held in the doorway near the door, it will be found that the flame will be blown inwards; but, if it be raised nearly to the top of the doorway, it will be blown outwards. The warm air, in this case, flows out at the top, while the cold air flows in at the bottom. A current of warm, air from the room is generally rushing up the flue of the chimney; if the flue be open, even though there should be no fire lighted in the stove; hence the unwholesomeness of using chimney. boards.

138-Maxims on Money. F. B. An excellent writer has observed that the art of living easily as to money, is to arrange your scale of living one degree below your means. Comfort and enjoyment are more dependent upon easiness in detail of expenditure, than upon one degree's difference in the scale. Guard against false associations of pleasure with expenditure-the notion that because pleasure can be purchased with money, therefore money cannot be spent without enjoyment. What a thing costs a man is no true measure of what it is worth to him; and yet, how often is his appreciation governed by no other standard; as if there were a pleasure in expenditure per se. Let yourselves feel a want, before you provide against it. You are more

assured that it is a real want; and it is worth while to feel it a little, in order to feel the relief from it. When you are undecided as to which of two courses you would like best, choose the cheapest. This rule will not only save money, but save also a good deal of trifling indecision. Too much leisure leads to expense; because when a man is in want of objects, it occurs to him that they are to be had for money, and ke invents expenditure, in order to pass the time.

139-Good Company. C.-The tone of good company is marked by the absence of personalities. Among well-informed persons there are plenty of topics to discuss, without giving pain to any one presenta (197

140-Vegetables. S. C.Watering gives vegetables long exposed a fresher colour, and a more attractive appearance; but repeated waterings are highly pernicious, as they neutralize the natural juices of some, render others bitter, and make all others vapid or disagreeable.

141-Britain. M. C.-The etymology of this word is the country of tin; as there were great quantities of lead and tin found on the adjacent islands. The Greeks called it Albion, which signifies, in the Phenician tongue, either white or high mountains, from the whiteness of its shores, or the high rocks on the western coast. 1.142-The Tongue, T. R.-Is not an indispensable organ of taste, as you have supposed. Blumenbach saw an adult, and in other respects a well-informed man, who was born without a tongue. He could distinguish, nevertheless, very easily the tastes of solutions of salt, sugar, and aloes, rubbed on his palate, and would express the taste of each in writing.

143–Faculties of Brutes. T. M.-The dog is the only animal that dreams; and he and the elephant the only animals that understand looks; the elephant is the only animal that, besides man, feels ennui; the dog, the only quadruped that has been brought to speak. Leibnitz bears witness to a hound in Saxony, that could speak distinctly thirty words.

144-Artesian Wells. DELTA.-Artesian Wells are made by boring into the earth till the instrument reaches water, which, from iternal pressure, flows spontaneously like a fountain. They are so called because this mode of obtaining water was first practised in a district of France called Arlois. These wells may now be found in almost every country, and they often extend several hundred feet into the earth for the purpose of obtaining a copious stream.

145-Night Studies. G. S.-Extraordinary wakefulness, enabling persons to study hard for days and nights without sleep, leads to a very erroneous idea of the harmlessness of this excess. Intense thought, or abstraction, has a powerful influence on the circulation; and this absence of sleep is obviously the result of excessive action of the brain, which, if not relieved must soon run on to delirium. Extraordinary wakefulness is, therefore, the signal of Nature for suspending such pursuits.

146-Nature of Hair. W. H.-Hair does not, as was hitherto supposed, form an essential part of the skin. It has a principle of existence of its own; and M. F. Cuvier considers the organic system which produces hair as forming part of that of the senses: the slightest touch, even that produced by a hair of the human head, is sufficient to make certain animals, cats, for example, contract their skin and make it tremble, as they always do to rid it of light bodies which stick to it; and of the presence of which they are apprised by this peculiar sense of touch.

147-Neat Appearance. D.-Those things which are most essential to a neat appearance are most within the reach of everybody, and therefore the neglect of them is not to be excused. Everybody can mend stockings and gloves,

however old they may be; everybody can avoid breaking shoe-strings by wearing them too tight, or having them become untied by tying then in false knots. Clean hands and nails, and well brushed hair and teeth, it is in everybody's power to possess: and, without constant attention. to these particulars, the most expensive garments will fail to produce the effect you desire. 148-Gutta Percha Paste. B.-The Gutta paste, by the application of heat, can be spun, spread out, rolled into sheets as thin as those of oil silk, or may be wrought up into the thousands of forms for use and ornament of which a strong and plastic substance is susceptible. There is no limit to the length of the tube or cord that may be spun from the gutta paste; and should it break, it can readily be cemented, or welded, by the use of heat. It not only defies wet and cold, but is so little affected by acid as to be extensively used by the manufacturing chemist as a receptacle for his acids.

149-Bulbous Roots. E.-The time to put them in, is from September to November, and the earliest ones will begin blowing about Christmas. The glasses should be blue, as that colour best suits the roots; put water enough in to cover the bulb one-third of the way up, less rather than more; let the water be soft, change it once a week, and put in a pinch of salt every time you change it. Keep the glasses in a place moderately warm, and near to the light. A parlour window is a very common place for them, but is often too warm, and brings on the plants too early, and causes them to be weakly.

150-Settled Studies. C. W. F.-A course of reading, undertaken for the purpose of ascer taining some particular points in history, or by way of testing some theory in morals, or for any specific object, will fructify the mind more than years of aimless reading. If you consult the works alluded to by the authors you are studying, and acquire all the collateral information which belongs to any subject that engages your attention, you will find your interest to increase as you trace the connection, and that ideas, thus followed out, become a part of your own mind, and suggest new thoughts and feelings.

151-Gum Arabic. W.-The purest and finest gum arabic is brought in caravans to Cairo, by the Arabs of the country round Mounts Tor and Sinai, who bring it from this distance on the backs of camels, sown up in bags, and often adulterated with sand, &c. The gum exudes spontaneously from the bark and trunk of the branches of the tree, in a soft, nearly fluid state, and hardens by exposure to the air, or heat of the sun. It begins to flow in December, immediately after the rainy season, near the flowering time of the tree. Afterwards, as the weather becomes hotter, incisions are made through the bark, to assist the transudation of the juice.

152-Study of the English Poets. G. B.-In judging of the character of the English poets, from Chaucer to Cowper, you will find no better guides than Campbell in his "Specimens of the British Poets," and Dr. Aikin in his "Letters to a Young Lady, on a course of English Poetry." Indeed, in a majority of the poets mentioned by Campbell, the specimens which he has given, together with "Aikin's Select Works of British Poets," are sufficient for a young reader. Campbell's" Biographical and Critical Notices on the