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for the rich are more envied by those who have a little, than by those who have nothing; and no monarch ever heard with indifference that other monarchs were extending their dominions, except Theodore of Corsica-who had none !

6-Pain and Pleasure. D. F.-In the constitution both of our minds and of our bodies, everything must go on right, and harmonize well together to make us happy; but should one thing go wrong, that is quite enough to make us miserable; and, although the joys of this world are vain and short, yet its sorrows are real and lasting; for we will show you a ton of perfect pain, with greater ease than one ounce of perfect pleasure; and he knows little of himself, or of the world, who does not think it sufficient happiness to be free from sorrow; therefore, give a wise man health, and he will give himself every other thing. We say, give him health, for it often happens that the most ignorant empiric can do us the greatest harm, although the most skilful physician knows not how to do us the slightest good. 7-Celery. E. G.-In earthing up celery the greatest care is necessary to prevent any portion of the earth from falling into the heart of the plant, which would prevent the upright growth of the inside leaves, and spoil its appearance for the table; nor should the earth be pressed too closely round the upper part of the plant, as frequently, when such is the case, it bulges out below. The best practice is to tie each plant up loosely with matting (having previously removed the suckers and small leaves), and then a little earth can be added every week, as the plant increases in height. Another common error arises from earthing celery up too soon. It should be allowed to grow to a considerable size before earthing up is attempted; and be frequently soaked with water, as but litile rain will reach the roots afterwards; it should likewise never be touched when the plants are at all damp.

8-Life's Sunlight and Shadow. D. E. In the absence of other themes to write upon, take the relations of life which abound with solemn warnings and touching incidents, Scarcely a community exists, however small, the history of which is replete with scenes, that, if delineated by the pen of a master-spirit, and embellished with a few of the golden rays of fancy, would not seem fraught with romance. Nay, there is scarcely a family of any extent that has not stories in its private chronicles, sunlight and shadows," joys and sorrows, full of interest of the most thrilling description. We live, move, and breathe in a world of mystery. The shadows which veil a single year-nay, a single day-from the eye of poor mortality, may to some be charged with death or desolation, while to others they may serve to shut out the glorious light of hope and happiness and prosperity.

9-Youth. T. M.We will answer you with a passage from the mouth of the great Dr. Johnson:-"Sir, I love the acquaintance of young people because, in the first place, I don't like to think myself growing old. In the next place, young acquaintances must last longest, if they do last and then, sir, young men have more virtue than old men; they have more generous sentiments in every respect. I love the young dogs of this age, they have more wit and humour and

knowledge of life than we had; but then the dogs are not so good scholars. Sir, in my early days I read very hard. It is a sad reflection, but a true one, that I knew almost as much at eighteen as I do now. My judgment, to be sure, was not so good; but I had all the facts. I remember very well, when I was at Oxford, an old gentleman said to me-' Young man, ply your book diligently now, and acquire a stock of knowledge; for, when years come unto you, you will find that poring upon books will be but an irksome task.'"'

10-Human Happiness. E. M.-It really gladdens our heart when we see universal hap piness and good-humour depicted in the countenances of every one. As a sunny landscape cheers the sight and exhilarates the spirits, so nothing can more conduce to impart joy to the Family Friend than to witness the happiness of the fellow-creatures by whom he is surrounded. Brief, alas! is the mortal career of man, and yet what jealousies, what ill-nature, and spite, and malice, is he not doomed to experience in his chequered and transitory career upon earth! We, ourselves have often, we think very undeservedly, a taste of this. Some cross-grained reader will find occasional fault with our best endeavours to please him, and write to us in a spirit very remote from that of a Family Friend. Such things, however, are unavoidable; and we give the same counsel to you that we take to ourselves; namely, to allow nothing to weigh with you, but what is dictated by reason.

11-Nature and Art. D.A.-The one is for ever, and the other for a day. The tomb of Moses is unknown; but the traveller slakes his thirst at the well of Jacob. The gorgeous palace of the wisest and wealthiest of monarchs, with the cedar, and gold, and ivory, and even the great Temple of Jerusalem, hallowed by the visible glory of the Deity himself, are gone; but Solomon's reservoirs are as perfect as ever. Of the ancient architecture of the Holy City not one stone is left upon another; but the Pool of Bethesda commands the pilgrim's reverence at the present day. The columns of Persepolis are mouldering into dust; but its cisterns and aqueducts remain to challenge our admiration. The golden house of Nero is a mass of ruins; but the Aqua Claudia still pours into Rome its limpid stream. The Temple of the Sun at Tadmor in the Wilderness, has fallen; but its fountain sparkles in its rays, as when thousands of worshippers thronged its lofty colonnades. It may be that London will share the fate of Babylon, and nothing be left to mark its site save mounds of crumbling brick-work. The Thames will continue to flow as it does now. And if any work of art should rise over the deep ocean of Time, we may well believe that it will be neither a palace nor a temple, but some vast aqueduct or reservoir; and if any name should flash through the mist of antiquity, it will probably be that of the man who in his day sought the happiness of his fellow-men rather than glory, and linked his memory to some great work of national utility or benevolence. This is the true glory which outlives all others, and shines with undying lustre from generation to generation, imparting to works something of its own immortality, and, in some degree, rescuing them from the ruin which overtakes the ordinary monuments of historical tradition or ere magni ficence.

12--Rhapsodists. H. C.-The rhapsodists were the minstrels of antiquity. They learned poems by heart and recited them to assembled crowds and on the occasions of feasts. Homer was a rhapsodist and rhapsodized his own divine verses. 13-Paradise Lost. A. G.-The criticism of Addison and the opinion of Dr. Johnson, were alone sufficient to give it celebrity, but it cannot be dissembled that its absurd machinery of devils and angels, yields in our days to commou sense, and though it has many admirers it has few readers.

14-Value of Time. M.-Much time may be saved by learning to do everything in the best manner, by taking hold of things in the right way; but much may also be wasted in finical nicety. Whilst it is important to do everything well, it is equally so not to bestow more pains and time on anything than it is worth. needle-work, for instance, there is often a useless sacrifice of time, labour, and eyesight, and twice as many stitches are put into a garment as are requisite for durability or appearance.

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15-Rudeness in Public. G. S.- In France, where politeness is found in every class, the people do not run against each other in the streets, nor brush rudely by each other, as they sometimes do in our cities. It adds much to the pleasure of walking, to be free from such annoyance; and this can only be brought about by the well-taught few setting a good example to the many. By having your wits about you, you can win your way through a thronged street without touching even the extreme circumference of a balloon sleeve; and, if each one strove to avoid all contact, it would be easily accomplished.

16-Simplicity of Living. W. M.--Happy is it for those whose childhood has been guided by enlightened parents, and who then formed a habit of simple living. Happy they, who are used to drink nothing stronger than water with their dinner, and that in very moderate quantities; who have a fixed habit of dining on one dish of meat, and one or two of vegetables; whose stomachs are never filled with trash between meals; and who can deny their palates what they know to be unfit for their stomach. As they grow older and wiser, they will appreciate such a bringing up; but it is feared, that in this day of unlimited indulgence, there are few who have to thank their parents for any such habits.

17-A Good Name. B. G.-Always be more solicitous to preserve your innocence than concerned to prove it. It will never do to seek a good name as a primary object. Like trying to be graceful, the effort to be popular will make you contemptible. Take care of your spirit and conduct, and your reputation will take care of itself. The utmost that you are called to do as the guardian of your reputation is to remove injurious aspersions. Let not your good be evil spoken of, and follow the highest examples in mild and explicit self-vindication. No reputation can be permanent which does not spring from principle, and he who would maintain a good character should be mainly solicitous to maintain a conscience void of offence towards God and towards man.

18-Behaviour to Gentlemen. H. L. C.-Very young girls are apt to suppose, from what they observe in older ones, that there is some particu

lar manner to be put on, in talking to gentlemen, and, not knowing exactly what it is. they are embarrassed and reserved; others observe certain airs and looks, used by their elders in this intercourse, and try to imitate them, as a necessary part of company behaviour, and so become affected, and lose that first of charms, simplicity, naturalness. To such we would say, your companions are in error; it requires no peculiar manner, nothing to be put on, in order to converse with gentlemen, any more than with ladies; and the more pure and elevated your sentiments are, and the better cultivated your intellect is, the easier will you find it to converse pleasantly with all.

19-Early Rising. C. S.-The feelings of which you complain arise entirely from the unaccustomed novelty of the change. Dr. Wilson Philip, in his "Treatise on Indigestion," says

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Although it is of consequence to the debilitated to go early to bed, there are few things more hurtful to them than remaining in it too long. Getting up an hour or two earlier often gives a degree of vigour which nothing else can procure. For those who are not much debilitated and sleep well, the best rule is to get out of bed soon after waking in the morning. This at first may appear too early, for the debilitated require more sleep than the healthy; but rising early will gradually prolong the sleep on the succeeding night, till the quantity the patient enjoys is equal to his demand for it. Lying late is not only hurtful, by the relaxation it occasions, but also by occupying that part of the day at which exercise is most beneficial."

20-Profession of a Governess. E.-A recent writer has well observed: To all who have to select an occupation for life, I would say tremble at the idea of becoming a Governess; and if you do not tremble you are unfit to become one: choose anything else; be an embroideress, a knitter, an inventor of patterns, the last a lucrative employment, and one that may be pursued in perfect privacy. Undertake the ornamentation of papier maché, hair ornaments, illuminating vellum and missal, herald painting, the innumerable appliances of leather-work; or take up some other branch of design,-be an artist if you can, an engraver on wood, a lithographer. Be anything but a Governess unless your heart and soul are in the work of human advancement; if they are, though you tremble at the responsibilities you would incur. the very feeling of your own insufliciency will rouse you to the most strenuous course of selfdiscipline, in order that you may raise yourself to the standard you would have your pupils emulate."

21-Gold Countries. B. R.-The Indus and the Euphrates were the earliest spots from which man obtained gold. Nubia and Ethiopia on the south, and Siberia on the north, in the course of a short time, handed up their auriferous treasures to gratify human necessity, and to indulge human luxury. Europe then began to unfold its golden stores, and Illyria and the Pyrenees, together with the lands of the Hungarians, and many parts of Germany, to the Rhine, were sought successfully for gold. Our islands yielded something to the store; and then the New World of the Americans opened by Columbus a source from which the Old World was to supply its golden waste. On and still

westward rolled the golden ball-which, in many respects, was not unlike the ball of the Oriental tale-until at length it rested in California. Europe and Asia rush equally to that new El Dorado, and the man of China is found at the side of the English gold-seeker. Then, as if to double the girdle, the islands of the Pacific and our own Australia open their exceeding stores.

22-The Effects f Female Education. B. D. -The difference between the mental qualities of the sexes is owing, we apprehend, far more to education than to nature. At all events, there is no such natural difference as warrants the distinction we make in the mental discipline we provide for them. There are certain professional studies with which no one thinks of vexing the mind of any one man or woman, but those who practice the professions; but why, in a good English library, there should be one-half of it, and that the better half, which a young woman is not expected to read, this is difficult to understand, and will not admit of patient reflection. Why may not a Locke, or a Paley, or a Dugald Stewart train the mind of a future mother of a family? or why may not an intelligent young woman be a companion for her husband in his more serious moods of thought as well as in his gayer and more trifling hours. Would the world lose anything of social happiness or moral refinement by this intellectual equality of the two sexes? You vex the memory of a young girl with dictionaries and vocabularies without end; you tax her memory in every conceivable manner; and at an after age you give the literature of sentiment freely to her pillage; but that which should step between the two, the culture of the reason, this is entirely forbidden. If she learns a dozen modern languages, she does not read a single book in any one of them that would make her think.

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23-Schemes and Projects. G. B.- Act cool and advisedly. In any public scheme or project, it is advisable that the proposer or projector should not at first present himself to the public as the sole mover in the affair. His neighbours will not like his egotism if it be at all ambitious, nor will they willingly co-operate in anything that may place an equal a single step above their own heads. Dr. Franklin was the first projector of many useful institutions in the infant state of America. He attained his object, and avoided envy, for he himself informs us, that his secret was to propose the measure at first, not as originating in himself alone, but as the joint recommendation of a few friends., The Doctor was no stranger to the workings of the human heart for if his measures had failed, their failure would not be attributed to him alone, and if they succeeded, some one else would be forward enough to claim the merit of being the first planner of them. But whenever this happens, the original projector will be sure to gain from the envy of mankind, that justice which he must not expect from their gratitude; for all the rest of the members will not patiently see another run away with the merit of that plan which originated in the first projector alone, who will, therefore, be sure to reap his full due of praise in the end, and with that interest which mankind will always cheerfully pay, not so much for the justice of rewarding the diffident, as for the pleasure of lowering the vain.

24-Does Snow quench Thirst? L. R.-The

use of snow when persons are thirsty does not by any means allay the insatiable désire for water; on the contrary, it appears to be increased in proportion to the quantity used, and the frequency with which it is put into the mouth. For example, a person walking along feels intensely thirsty, and he looks to his feet with coveting eyes; but his good sense and firm resolutions are not to be overcome so easily, and he withdraws the open hand that was to grasp the delicious morsel and convey it into his parching mouth: he has several miles of a journey to accomplish, and his thirst is every moment increasing; he is perspiring profusely, and feels quite hot and oppressed: at length his good resolutions stagger, and he partakes of the smallest particle, which produces a most exhilarating effect; in less than ten minutes he tastes again and again, always increasing the quantity, and in half an hour he has a gum-stick of condensed snow, which he masticates with avidity, and replaces with assiduity the moment that it has melted away: but his thirst is not allayed in the slightest degree; he is as hot as ever, and still perspires; his mouth is in flames, and he is driven to the necessity of quenching them with snow, which adds fuel to the fire: the melting snow ceases to please the palate, and it feels like red-hot coals, which, like a fire-eater, he shifts about with his tongue, and swallows without the addition of saliva: he is in despair, but habit has taken the place of his reasoning faculties, and he moves on with languid steps, lamenting the severe fate which forces him to persist in a practice which in an unguarded moment he allowed to begin.

25-Ladies' Dresses. C.-It has been well observed that women, in their desire for comfort, have at last rebelled against the inconvenient shawl, hanging in the most ungraceful form, with a trailing peak behind, constantly slipping, unless pinned, and have taken to the paletot of the men. The result is rather droll.

A lady in

a sailor's rough pea-jacket, with outside pockets, buttoned over, large and long, and voluminous silken and other dresses and petticoats, has, at first sight, something of the aspect of a camp-follower, or some of the former race of barrowwomen, who were wont to add an old soldier's coat or jacket to their other dress. We have often watched this strange anomaly of the paletot and petticoat at a railway-station, and regarded it as the first move towards rational costume. It cannot be that the dense mass of petticoats should long continue to sweep up all the polution of the streets as ladies walk along. There is to us something unpleasant in it. And the movement is so impeded, all the motions of the limbs so interfered with, that we must regard it in the same light as the Chinese invention of small feet, a contrivance to prevent ladies from walking, and to make them dependent on carriages, or to hold up their robes as they walk. Modesty in female attire, however, is at all times most becoming; and the further we recede from that, in our opinion, we are making a nearer approach to degeneracy. Whatever improvements or inventions may take place in feminine dress, the Family Friend will watch them with the care of one who has a deep interest in all that appertains to the virtue and well-being of HAPPY HOMES.

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26-Gratitude in Adversity. R. S.-The reason why great men meet with so little pity or attachment in adversity would seem to be this. The friends of a great man were made by his fortunes, his enemies by himself, and revenge is a much more punctual paymaster than gratitude. Those whom a great man has marred, rejoice at his ruin; and those whom he has made, look on with indifference; because, with common minds, the destruction of the creditor is considered as equivalent to the payment of the debt.

27-Idleness. R. A.-Get rid of the habit as fast as you can, for you may rely upon it that it is one of those evils which grew amazingly. Some one, in casting up his accounts, put down a very large sum per annum for his idleness. But there is another account more awful than that of our expenses, in which many will find that their idleness has mainly contributed to the balance against them. From its very inaction, idleness ultimately becomes the most active cause of evil, as a palsy is more to be dreaded than a fever. The Turks have a proverb which says, that the devil tempts all other men, but that idle men tempt the devil.

28-Mice in Aviaries. A. L.-Yes; wherever there are birds, there most assuredly will be mice. It is next to an impossibility to keep them out, and they poison all they touch. Examine, therefore, very narrowly every corner of the room; and whenever you see a hole, nail over it a piece of tin or zinc. So cunning are these vermin that they conceal themselves in the most unsuspected situations. Kidd says, "I have actually found them secreted in the food 'hoppers.' They have raised the lid, and artfully ensconced themselves behind the seed until my back was turned! I hardly need tell my readers what was their fate when so discovered. Suffice it to say that they were tried,' and that I myself personated the witnesses, judge, jury, and executioner. They were taken in flagrante delicto."

29-Things to be Found Out. A. L.-No; Nature is no more exhausted than we are, and if you knew our stores, you might exclaim, "they are unbounded!" Within her fertile bosom there may be thousands of substances yet unknown as precious as the only recently found gutta percha. To doubt this, would be to repudiate the most logical inference afforded by the whole history of the earth. Corn and the grape excepted, nearly all our staples in vegetable food are of comparatively modern discovery. Society had a long existence without tea, coffee cotton, cocoa, sugar, and potatoes. Who shall say there is not a more nutritious plant than the sugar-cane-a finer root than the potato-a more useful tree than the cotton? Buried wealth lies everywhere in the bowels of the earth, which needs but the divin. ing-rod of organized action for its discovery.

30-The End of Prudence. G. C.-The great end of prudence is to give cheerfulness to those hours which splendour cannot gild, and acclamation cannot exhilarate; those soft intervals of unbended amusement, in which a man shrinks to his natural dimensions, and throws aside the ornaments or disguises which he feels in privacy to be useless incumbrances, and to lose all effect when they become familiar. To be happy at home is the ultimate result of all ambition-the end to which every enterprise and labour tends, and of which every desire prompts the prosecution. In

our opinion, a man who, when he has nothing else to do, can play with his cat at home by the fireside is a happier, and we are sure a better, man than he who must go abroad to knock about the balls on a billiard-table.

31-Mental Resources. C. A.-We would recommend to your careful perusal Foster's "Essay on Decision of Character." It would greatly help you to the establishment of certain principles within yourself, which, if acted upon through life, would prove invaluable. Amongst many other excellent things he says,-"I lately happened to notice, with some surprise, an ivy which, being prevented from attaching itself to the rock beyond a certain point, had shot off into a bold elastic stem, with an air of as much independence as any branch of oak in the vicinity. So a human being, thrown, whether by cruelty, justice, or accident, from all social support and kindness, if he has any vigour of spirit, and is not in the bodily debility of either childhood or age, will instantly begin to act for himself, with a resolution which will appear like a new faculty."

32-Australia the Antipodes of England. T. A. -Everything there is antipodical of home. The geranium is a large shrub, which forms good walking-sticks; the fuschia grows openly in abundance; and the valuable sarsaparilla is a coarse running weed. The rara avis in terrâ of the ancients-the black swan-is there in numerous flocks, frequenting the salt lakes, and is good eating, and the skin is valuable. The lark, with little song is a ground bird, familiar as the robin red-breast; while the note of the magpie charms the ear. The snakes are neither very numerous nor very dangerous, with the exception of the deaf adder, whose bite and sting occasion death in ten minutes the body changing to the prismatic colours of the rainbow. The north wind is hot and sultry-the south cold. west wind brings rain instead of driving it away; and the east is variable, seldom lasting above a few hours. From these considerations you may be able to form some opinion of the things natural in that country; and if it will be an additional aid to your decision, we assure you that even there you can get the Family Friend.

The

33-The Nautilus. T. S. sends us the following tribute,-and, at the same time, corrects the poetic notions which have hitherto prevailed in reference to this "strange fish." "Dear Sir,Not the least valuable and interesting part of your admirable publication is the Appendix, containing the answers to your numerous correspondents. In Rhymer Jones' Animal Kingdom,' p. 436, will be found the observations of M. Sander Rang, which prove that 'the belief in its progressing by the help of oars and sails on the surface of the water is erroneous; the Poulpe, with its shell, progressing in the open sea in the same manner as other Cephalopods. 2nd. The arms, which are expanded into membranes, have no other function than that of enveloping the shell in which the animal lives, and that for a determinate object to be explained hereafter. And, lastly, that when at the bottom of the ocean, the Argonaut, covered with its shell, creeps upon an infundibuliform disc, formed by the junction of the arms at their base, and presenting (alas!) the appearance of a Gasteropod Mollusk.' Such appears to be the fact cleared of its glossy coating of romance; and which,

partly from the difficulty of observation, and partly from our readiness to be satisfied with what we have been accustomed to hear, has remained so long undoubted."

34-Why do Literary Men not Marry Literary Wives. C. D.-Judging by your elegant hand that you are a lady, and perhaps a literary one, we confess to some degree of diffidence in answering your question, lest our plain and unadorned way of stating reasons and opinions may be more hard than palatable. Sir E. B. Lytton has told the world at large the reason, and we shall now leave him to tell you and other Family Friends who may wish to know the reason as well as yourself. "I know not why it is," says he, "but your very clever man never seems to care so much as your less gifted mortals for cleverness in his helpmate. Your Scholars, and Poets, and Ministers of State, are more often found assorted with exceedingly humdrum good sort of women, and apparently like them all the better for their deficiencies. Just see how happy Racine lived with his wife, and what an angel he thought her, and yet she had never read his plays. Certainly Goethe never troubled his lady, who called him Mr. Privy Councillor,' with whims about 'menads,' and speculations on colour,' nor those stiff metaphysical problems on which one breaks one's shins in the second part of the 'Faust.' Probably it may be that these great geniuses-knowing that, as compared to themselves, there is little difference between your clever women and your humdrum womenmerge at once all minor distinctions, relinquish all attempts that could not but prove unsatisfactory, at sympathy in hard intellectual pursuits, and are quite satisfied to establish that tie which, after all, best resists wear and tear ever-the tough household bond between one human heart and another."

35-Reason for Accepting the First Offer. J. M. N.-Well, we will give you our reason. Every young lady is taught to consider marriage as the great and ultimate end of her life. It is that to which she looks forward for happiness, and in which she hopes to rival or excel her associates; and even the first to be married in a family, or court, is a matter of no small consideration. These circumstances plead eloquently in favour of the first lover who makes the dear proposal. The female heart is naturally kind and generous it feels its own weakness, and its inability to encounter singly the snares and troubles of life, therefore is a Family Friend; and that it must lean upon another, in order to enjoy the delights most congenial to its natural feelings, and the emanation of those tender affections, in the exercise of which the enjoyments of the female mind chiefly consist. It is thus that the hearts of many young women become, by degrees, irrevocably fixed on those whom they were formerly wont to regard with the utmost indifference, if not with contempt; merely from a latent principle of generosity existing in the original frame of their nature; a principle which is absolutely necessary towards the proper balancing of our respective rights and pleasures, as well as the regulation of the conduct of either sex to the other.

36—The Every-day Married Lady. A. N.You make us smile, but she is inestimable, and her value not sufficiently acknowledged. The

every day married lady is the inventor of a thing which few foreign nations have as yet adopted, either in their houses or in their lan guages.-this thing is "comfort." The word cannot well be defined; the items that enter into its composition being so numerous, that a description would read like a catalogue. Well understood, however, what it means, although few of us are sensible of the source. A widower has very little comfort, and a bachelor none at all; while a married man, provided his wife be an every-day married lady, enjoys it in perfection. But he enjoys it unconsciously, and therefore ungratefully; it is a thing of course-a necessary -a right-of the want of which he complains without being distinctly sensible of its presence. Even when it acquires sufficient intensity to arrest his attention-when his features and heart soften, and he looks round with a half smile on his face and says-"This is comfort!" it never occurs to him to inquire where it all comes from. His every-day wife is sitting quietly in the corner; it was she who lighted the fire, or dressed the dinner, or drew the curtains; and it never occurs to him to think that all these, and a hundred other circumstances of the moment, owe their virtue to her inspiring; and that the comfort which enriches the atmosphere, which sparkles in the embers, which broods in shadowy parts of the room, which glows in his own full heart, emanates from her like an aureola.-There now! Go and form another estimate!

37-Marie de Medicis. U. A.-She was the wife of Henry IV., of France, and was even in exile pursued by the relentless persecution of Cardinal Richelieu, the Regent of France and governor of her children. In 1641 she was taking refuge in London at the court of her son-in-law, Charles I., from which she had to remove, through the intrigues of Richelieu, and the jealousy of the English Protestants, only a few months before the execution of the King. She took up her abode at Antwerp, and found a hospitable shelter in the house of Rubens the painter. At her request Rubens undertook to carry a letter to her son Louis XIII., under pretext of going to Paris to take the portrait of the Dutch ambassador. Rubens had not started before the Cardinal had again tracked out her place of abode, and having removed to a house of the painter at Cologne, she there awaited the result of his mission to Paris. Her appeals were in vain; and after various vicissitudes, this sovereign princess, the wife and mother of kings, after twenty years of struggle and suffering, died in poverty and loneliness in the house of Rubens at Cologne. In reference to this event, Miss Pardoe says:-"Thus perished, in a squalid chamber, between four bare wallsher utter destitution having driven her to the frightful alternative of denuding the very apartment which was destined to witness her deathagony, of every inflammable article that it contained, in order by such means to prepare the scanty meal that she could still command-and on a wretched bed which one of her own lacqueys would, in her period of power, have disdained to occupy; childless, or worse than childless; homeless, hopeless, and heart-wrung, the_haughty daughter of the Medici-the brilliant Regent of France; the patroness of art; the dispenser of honours; and the mother of a long line of princes."

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