n's Tfia. Sia. Lat. Siccitas. Si. Navis. pl. Siim Naves. item arida, deferta loca. Metaphor. Barbari, feri, defertorum locorum incolæ. Fera animalia. Quid enim feris vel defertorum locorum incolis, cum navibus? Sed tanti vifum non eft prioribus fcriptoribus. Si, Navis, non ineptè forfan duceretur à Ny iafa (facere) elifo, vel ab y Ef. Lignum. (Thommaffin. Gloff. Lex. Hebr.) Hence the great Navigator of our Scythians was named Miles, the Hero of the Ship, (i. e Hercules) fynonimous to Siim Breac. Miles Septentrionalis eft, notior fub Herculis nomine. (S. Jerom. Edit. Veron. tom. 1. c. 672.) Miles et une conftellation Septentrionale qu'on connoit sous le nom d' Hercule. (Religion des Gaulais. Tom. I. p. 440.) (See Chapter Milefius.) The first Etrufcan King after the fabulous times is faid to have been Meleus. He led the Pelafgian Colony to Spina and to Spain. Herodotus mentions him, finds him there under the name of Melefigenes, and thinks it was Homer. (See Collectanea, No. 13. Pref. LVI. Helladius tells us that a man called Oes who appeared in the Red Sea, with the tail of a fish, taught Aftronomy and Letters (o). Thus fays Sir J. Newton they painted a Seaman. Oes, Euhadnus, and Qannes feem to be the fame name a little varied by corruption, and this name feems to have been given in common to feveral feamen, who came thither from time to time, and by confequence were Merchants-fo that Letters, Aftronomy, Architecture and Agriculture came into Chaldea by fea, and were carried thither by feamen, who frequented the Perfian Gulph (p). Thus Ofar-fiphus, Uforthon, Ofor-chor is the Hercules Egyptius of Manetho (q). The name Ulyffes feems to be compounded of Aoula. princeps, & Si. a Ship, and Hercules may derive from Aireac-Aoul-eff. i. e. primus Rex Navis. (o) Photius, p. 1594. So So ND Alpha in Chaldee is the trunk of a tree, and a fhip; hence the wNy Es-ais, i. e. the fhip-man, or tree-man of Sanchoniatho, the Ufous of Philo, having taken a tree and broke off its boughs, first ventured upon it in the fea. Crann-fnamb, i. e. a floating tree, is a common name for a boat in old Irish. The twifting of the fmall branches into a kind of watling, and covering them with the hide of a cow or a buffalo, was the next and most useful contrivance for inland navigation. With these they croffed the Euxine and Cafpian Seas, and even ventured on the Ocean, as the Irish of the Western Coaft ftill do, in the fame kind of boat. Hence Scoth, Sgoth, or Scuth, fignifying small branches, or wattles, that is, fmall branches interwoven (Arabicè Sachut Virgas) might also fignify a skiff or ship, the name being applied, from their use. But the true derivation of the name Sace and Scuthi, i. e. Ship-men, Navigators, or Swimmers, I think, is from the Oriental n Sachu, or in Sachuth, Natatio, from n Sachah, or D Sachah natavit; Syriaic and Sacha (r) natavit, remigavit aquis: it alfo fignifies profunditas; and fhields being made of wattles covered with hides, we have Nw Shacha, xnny Shaeta, Gabata, Scutella, whence the Irish Sciata, Sciutha, a (r) Hence the Shewa of Barbary; a colony of Scythi from the Cafpian and Euxine feas, who peopled Africa, under Nemed, a Scythian. See Salluft Bell. Jug. c. xxi. These people call themselves Amazigh, a corruption of the Old Arabic and Persian Almazun, Naucleri. (See Golius in V. Oman.) We shall treat fully of this people hereafter. They were navigators and merchants, hence their Hebrew name Mabar corruptè Maur, from Mahar, pretium, merx. mercator, et ♫ Tana mercede conducere, whence Mauritani. Hence their metropolis was named Tagger, negociator, Irish Togra, Græce Tiyyip, now Tangier. The celebrated emporium of Africa; and by tranfpofition of Letters we have the English Truck, i. e, traffic, and probably it is the origin of the name Turk. Irish Togra and Torc, traffic, forum. Suio Gothice Torg, forum; cæteræ dialecti Gothicæ omnes voce hae carent, quod facit, ut tanto obfcurior fit illius origo. (Ihre) Apud Polonas Targ, apud Ruffas Torg, mercem, nec non mercatorem et item forum denotat. (Bohorizii Litt. Carniol. in Præfat.) Hence Ho fays the Showa are composed of Gatulians, Numidians, and Turks, Q. Does Thor the Northern Mer. cury derive from this word? fhield, shield, a twig basket, or any thing concave like the ancient target. The word is used, in the Oriental tongues, to fignify whatever acts in, or upon, water; it fignifies alfo to wash, ND Sacha, lavit, ablutus fuit, quia natator non natat, nifi lavet (Schindler.) Nino Mi Sachua, navigable rivers, deep waters, which cannot be paffed without a boat, or by fwimming.-Quas fub pede tranfire non poterat, fed natando trajiciebant. nnon Mfcutha, balneum-and hence the Scythian or Irish Scuth, Scudh, a fhip, the Ægyptian oxuria fkeitia, rates, naves plane (Kircher) and the Turkish Saica, Navigii genus, vulgò Saique, (Du Cange). Scytho Scandice, Skeid, Lang baat ella Skuta, Navis longa. Ibid. Skaid, Skana, Skuta, rodarferior (Verelius. Lex.) In monumentis AngloSaxonicis Navigii genus nominatur Sceith, appellatum, fed quod hoc pertinere, non autumavero (Ihre). Sceith a σxuros, Corium ut navigia corio inducta (Junius). In like manner, the words fignifying a hide, do alfo fignify a boat, as axudas, Coriarii; oxutomoxis, Coriarii Urbs, Scythopolis. In Irish, Bolgh, Bolo, a hide from ya bolgh tegere, whence na Bolun, a hide; and this word gave name to the Belgi or Scythians, on the Cafpian Sea, and to the river Bolga or Volga, because inhabited by these Scythians, who paffed weftward; whence Phlugh in the Armenian, Fluk Arabicè, Vlog Sclavonicè, and Filuka in Italian, a fhip. Gr. B. Bax, Navis, Scapha (s). A mo (s) The Celts or Gomerites, and the Scythians or Magogians, were both named Bolgi or Belga, from the invention and ufe of the boat or ship covered with Hides. Why may not the Keltoi or Celts have derived their name from another invention in boat-building, that is, from the Phoenician or Hebrew Kala Ets Kala, fignifies, affare, torrefacere, and Ets a tree. Kali et Kalia, toftum, whence the Latin Culina, and non a colendo igne, ut ait Varro. (Tomaffin. Gloff. Hebr.) From the Oriental Kala, this learned Etymologist derives Kaxor, Lignum. Kaav, Chalybes, ferrum, fcilicet ignitum; et Xenadiov, Chalandium, Navicula ad incendenda omnes alias, hinc Chalanņus. Calannus, Media Lat. dictus, Gallice Challan, bateau challan. A Kala eft Saxon, Caele Angl. Keel, Gall, Quille, Hifp. Quilla. Forfan et hinc Chaloupe, Navis minor (Tomassin), If then the Greeks adopted the Scythian and Oriental word Bax, i, e, Navis from Bolg, a boat covered with hide, whence Belgæ; by the fame A modern Lexiconift (Willmet Lex. in Coranum) has given the Arabic word a different explanation, viz. fluk, and Chald. 5 plak in gyrando, circumvolvendo, fororiantes mammas habuit Virgo. Navis gyrando. spec. arca Noachi, tumentior rotundiorque pars cujufque reitrue, our bolg fignifies a fwelling or rotundity of any kind; but the application of the word to a fhip can have no reference to Noah's ark. Coth, Corrach, Croich, in Irish, fignify also a hide and a boat; hence the Magogians, or original Scythi, and Inventors of this kind of boat, called themselves, or were called Aiteach-Cothi, i. e. the Old Navigators or Ship-men, a name corrupted by the Latins into Attacotti; hence the Oriental M-Cutha Navis; Ægypt. Katoa. Sic Kitii populi Scythiæ circa mare Cafpium apud Strabonem: nec aliunde nomen hoc, quam a Kithiis hodieque Cataini (Boxhornius)- hence Cothi, Gothi, Geta, were fynonimous names of the children of Gomer and of Magog, confufed in fucceeding ages by a mixture of the Scuthi; whence Syncellus Exa, FOTO Jouevos ps Scythæ, qui etiam Gothi fua lingua; & Tribellius Pollio Scythæ, i. e. pars Gothorum Afiam vaftabant: the Greeks and Latins knew not how to make the diftinction, which caufed Salmafius to ob fame argument, they might have given the name Keltoi to the fame maritime people, who we know did also construct boats, by burning the tree hollow by fire, which operation would be named by the Qrientalists - Kalah-ets, and by the Grecks might have been corrupted to Keltoi, i. e. tree-burners, for making boats, in the fame manner they formed Kor Lignum; yet I must own, that Kalon is in my opinion formed of the Scythian Keile, Arbor; and not from Kala, ardere; hence in Arabic Kalaa, navigavit. So in the Suio-Gothica, Ek, an Oak, forms Eka, and Ekstock, a Ship, a boat. Scapha; inde dicta quod ab excavato robore confecta fuerit, quod genus navigiorum fine dubio omnium antiquiffimum fuit, et quo præcipue ufos fuiffe veteres Gothos, et Germanos, apud auctores, relatum legimus. Arrbianus de expedit, Alex, M. p. 9. Edit. Gronov, nominat eorum aroïa μorožura, quorum apud Getas woaaar suw@oplar fuiffe dicit. Plin. L. XVI. c. 40. Hift. Nat, perhibet Germaniæ prædones fingulis arboribus cavatis navigaffe, eorumque quafdam triginta hominum tuliffe. Nec dubito, quin veterum caudicæ ejufdem formæ fuerint, de quibus A. Gellius. Serecca de brevitate vitæ, &c, ibi notas, (thre. Gloff. Suio-Goth.) ferve, ,... ferve, hoc nomen Exvns varie a Græcis enunciatum eft, & multas μεταπτωσεις incurrit : nam Σκύθης, Γέτης & Γότθος idem eft. Thus also the Gomerites named one tribe of themselves Brigantes, from their being shipmen, and using a vessel called Brig or Brigantin. (See the conclufion of this Introduction.) Si tanto autem in pretio ftudiofe habentur vetera Principum numifmata, aut nummi eorum imaginibus infculpti; quanti eftimanda funt vocabula longè numifmatibus quibufcumque antiquiora, quæ licet magis fluxa ac fragiliori commendata metallo, hactenus tamen linguæ; mundo ipfi pænè coævæ veftigia servant. Hence the general name of these people was Scuthi and Go-im; that is, Shipmen and Seamen; and hence Goim and Cuthai are used by the Hebrew writers to express foreigners, or people that came from another country by water. In like manner the ancient Perfians were called Agem, that is, Japhetans, from Aigh, the Armenian or Scythian name of Japhet: the Arabs converted this word into an opprobrious meaning, and fignified thereby Barbarians, but it really means no more, than those nations which are not Arabians by birth or origin, and in particular the Persians, and all comprized under the Perfian Empire. The Perfians called their ancient Kings Molouck Agem, King of the Japhetans; they would not ftile their Kings Barbarians. The pofterity of our Magogians navigated the Euphrates in these Skin wattled Boats, in the time of Herodotus, who, in his Clio, gives a very particular account "The Veffels, fays he, that defcend the river to Babylon, are round, and in great measure com"posed of skins. of them. " For when they have cut the ribs out of willows, growing in the hills of Armenia, they cover them with "hides extended on the outside to ferve for a bottom, "making no diftinction of stem or ftern. Iu these vef fels, lined with reeds, and freighted with merchandize, and especially with cafks of Palm Wine, they venture |