they are applied, apparently, to one and the same. And did not the author write magnam Canariam ?" The title of the Munich book of 1657, with some knowledge of its trustworthiness and the context of the quoted passage, might be of help in solving this curious problem. PRIVATE USE OF EDWARD BENSLY. CORPORATION SEAL (cxlvii. 444; cxlviii. 12).—This was apparently quite usual in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, when persons of the middle class either possessed no private seal, or (as in the instance given) their seals were unknown generally and carried small guarantee. A full account of this use of Community or Corporation seals-or even of those of private persons of rank-will be found in Jeaffreson's Book about Lawyers,' vol. i. I cannot give the page, but it will be found in the chapter dealing with Seals. M. C. B. GLOUCESTERSHIRE EPITAPHS (cxlvii. 458). I was interested in the curious and interesting blacksmith's epitaph from Cheltenham, for I have two M.I.'s of a similar character from Huntingdonshire, which, as they are good variations, I subjoin: St. Ives, Huntingdonshire. TO OLIVER DRING, May 16th, 1830. THOMAS GARDNER, Died, September 30th, 1826, My sledge and hammer lie declined. Cirencester. DRUMS OF OF HUMAN SKIN: ZISKA (13 S. i. 430; cxlvi. 139, 312; cxlvii. 468). Byron in The Age of Bronze,' iv. (last line), wrote of Napoleon: ANCELOT: DERIVATION (cxlvii. 407 : LAN cxlviii. 14). — “Lancelot" is a French trouvères' presentation of the Germanic name of WLANCILOTH. It sometimes occurs in French translations of Arthurian romance in the decapitated form "Ancelot." That is a diminutive like Michelot, Jacquelot, etc. Those who wrote and said Ancelot for Lancelot supposed that they were dealing with a diminutive of the Old French word ancel (Latin ancilla), and that the initial I was the definite article and was negligible at will. It was with these ideas in mind that the Vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué, many years ago, proceeded to identify Sir Lancelot du Lake with a Somersetshire prince named Maelwas. The Vicomte gave two reasons: 1. Maelwas, like Lancelot, abducted King Arthur's wife. 2. "Maelwas" equals mael gwas and means young servant," i.e., ancelot. But the Welch representation of Irish "mael," a "tonsured slave," is not mael, it is moel, "bald." The Welch mael in proper names represents Maglos, and that means a prince or hero: cp. the name of Magilos, the Gaulish king who opposed Hannibal: Hence v. Polybius, III. xliv. Maelwas derives from Maglo-uas and means a young prince, or young hero, and not jeune serviteur. The suggestion, renewed at the reference, that "Lancelot " means "Ladislas" is worthless. The name of Lancelot is unquestionably His name shall beat the alarm, like Ziska's Germanic in origin. Its endword is really drum; loth (with th as in there); but that had to and, in Werner' (Act I, Sc. i.) he makes be accommodated to French pronunciation Idenstein say: in the same way as "Goth" which became Ghot." In Old English a lotha was a small cloak and in the eighth-century Latin and Anglo-Saxon Corpus Col. Glossary (ed. Hessels, 1890) lotha glosses sagulum (a small military cloak); lacerna (a thick upper garment); lodir (a blanket), etc. proper names of Germanic princes loth is a very ancient endword. It occurs in the Gothic name "Vinoviloth," recorded in the Getica' of Jordanes (scr. c. 560). In The use of this deuterotheme was exceptionally rare among the Anglo-Saxons, and the only instances in insular writings that are known to me are "Unlot " and "Guingelot." Both these names came to us through Norman-French writers. "Unlot" represents Huniloth and it occurs in Domesday Book; v. Ellis's General Introduction to D. Bk.,' Index B. 'Guingelot" represents Wingeloth (cp. Winge-drud, Wing-beald) and it is the name given to Wade's boat, by Walter Map (c. 1175); 'De Nugis Curialium,' ed. Wright, 1850, ii. 17. V. kinsman" (Thurloe State Papers, i. SEYM YMOUR FAMILY AND NORTHUMBERLAND (cxlvii. 198; s. v. 'The Mistletoe Bough').-MR. W. COURTHOPE FORMAN is mistaken in believing that the Seymour family had no connection with the County of Northumberland. Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, married Lady Elizabeth Percy, the heiress of Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland, and the Seymour connection lasted till the marriage of this grand-daughter, Lady Elizabeth (Seymour) Percy, to Sir Hugh Smithson, of Stanwick, in Yorkshire, who was subsequently created 1st Duke of Northumberland after taking by Act of Parliament the name of Percy in lieu of Smithson. Charles Seymour succeeded his brother, Francis, 5th Duke of Somerset, when the latter was assassinated at Lerice in Italy, The headword in the name of Lancelot April 20, 1678. Francis Seymour, accordwas a dissyllable and it corresponds with ing to Gerald Brenan, A History of the the headword in the name Wlencing, House of Percy,' was а member of the the younger son of Elli, the first Breten- "Hector" brotherhood. What was this wealda and king of Sussex. This name brotherhood, and what were its objects? presents an infected form of the O.E. Wlanc-, proud. It is found in the Sussex Lancing and Linchmere, formerly Wlench-YERTON HALL, CUMBERLAND (cxlvii. 466). I know of no such place as Yerton Hall in Cumberland. Is it not Ireton Hall which is meant ? I have no doubt that Irton and the Irt, the river on which it stands, are dialectically pronounced Yerton and the Yert. mere. In the Shropshire Domesday Book there appears a "Walanceslau "--the burial mound of some-one named Wlanci. It is the Walkerslow of to-day. The initial w was rejected before 1, in course of years, as in Linchmere and Lancelot. This rejection took place in Old High Dutch in even earlier times: cp. Lancfer, Lancpertus, Lancbart, Lancpret, of the ninth century. MONK, MORICE ALFRED ANSCOMBE. AND PRIDEAUX FAMILIES (cxlvii. 444).-Elizabeth, Dame Morice (wife of Sir William Morice, Knight) was second cousin (by marriage) to Elizabeth, Lady Prideaux (wife of Sir Peter Prideaux, 3rd baronet, of Netherton). This lady Prideaux was a granddaughter of Sir George Smythe, Knight, of Matford, Heavitree, and she was first cousin to Monk, who was a grandson of the same Sir George. In the petition (1671, ? March) of Lady Prideaux to be appointed a dresser to Queen Catherine, she is stated to be a daughter of Sir Bevil Grenville (Cal. State Papers Dom., p. 161). Sir Bevil addressed Morice as his "most honor'd H. ASKEW. Assuming that it is Irton Hall to which MR. LEONARD C. PRICE alludes, then its situation is south-west Cumberland, about midway between Lake Wastwater and the mouth of the Irt, which enters a branch of the Esk estuary. The manor to which the hall is attached was in possession of the Irton family from the Conquest to about half a century ago. The ball was built in the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, and is a stone building. One of the owners, Samuel Irton, is stated to have said in 1764 that he was above twenty years collecting the materials for a window in the family chapel. A member of this family who died in 1292 was Bishop of Carlisle. Dr. Taylor's 'Old Manorial Halls of Cumberland and Westmorland' (Ant. Soc., Extra Series, 1892) will be worth consulting. H. ASKEW. CRON ROMWELL ALIAS WILLIAMS (AND NEEDHAM) (cxlvii. 409, 449).-T. W. L.'s reply is most interesting. If the papers and articles came to T. W. L. together, through the late Admiral Sir Thomas Williams, as I gather was the case, it seems evident that the crest is Cromwell alias Williams, and that the Admiral was descended from that family. Has T. W. L. no particulars of Admiral Williams's ancestry? The Cromwell alias Williams paternal arms were, as I mentioned at cxlvii. 409, Sable, lion rampant argent. a Their paternal crest was, A demi-lion rampant argent, in his dexter gamb a javelin. After the tournament the gem-ring was substituted for the javelin. But not universally. Some members or branches of the family still kept the javelin. The Protector at different times bore both; at first, like his father, the javelin, later, after his assumption of sovereign power, the gemring-which MR. HAIG suggests would seem to indicate that the demi-lion with the javelin was still regarded as the family crest, and that the gem-ring was regarded as a distinction peculiar to the head of the family, which Öliver considered he was justified in assuming himself to be when he became Protector. I take T. W. L's ring or quoit (or annulet ?) to be the gem-ring; and the naval crown, I suggest, was adopted, instead of the usual crest-wreath, as a difference or fancy by Admiral Williams or some other naval member of his line. The gem-ring has been often confused by heralds and others with similar, or more or less similar, objects: a crescent; an ancient mace; and now; an annulet. The crest of my family of Williams is, A stag lodged, which is evidently, like their arms, Needham. The present-day Needham crest is a phoenix, but from its similarity to the arms I think the stag lodged must have been the ancient crest. I would add one more point of interest regarding Cromwell alias Williams heraldry. I mentioned at cxlvii. 409 that the Williams did not change their arms when they changed their name. There was one exception, Sir Richard Williams himself, who, when he assumed the name of Cromwell out of compliment to his uncle Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, also took the arms of the Cromwells of Putney. These arms-Azure, on a fesse between three lions rampant or, a rose gules between two choughs proper were a new grant to the Earl, but his son, Gregory Lord Cromwell, claiming descent from, or common ancestry with, the Cromwells Barons of Tattershall' (which Barony was recently successfully claimed by the BerwickeCopleys) took instead the ancient arms of those Cromwells, Quarterly, per fesse indented, azure and or, four lions passant counterchanged; and this connection is now clearly established, though the actual link is missing. Q. W. EYWORTH (cxlvii. 465). - In Burke's ΚΕ General Armory' (1878) the arms of (a) Kneysworth or Knesworth (Lord Mayor of London, 1505, Counties Cornwall and Staffordshire) are given as, Erm, a chevron wavy gules between 3 greyhounds in full course sable. (b) The embattled chevron, as quoted at the reference, but with the greyhounds' collars or, is given as the arms of another Kneysworth. Neither of these families is shown as having a crest, but (c) to a third Kneysworth (county not specified) is assigned the crest quoted by your correspondent; but the field of this shield is or, not ermine, the charges being as in (a) above. In Dr. Heylyn's Help to English History,' edited by Paul Wright, B.D., F.S.A., Lond. (1786) the arms of Sir Thomas Kneesworth (sic) are given as, Or a leg couped at the thigh azure. Lord Mayor of London, 1505. iiijd on view of frank pledge for that he had uttered and exposed for sale Bulle flesh not baited (10 Aug. 7, Car. I). Three similar cases occur at Great Yarmouth at a later | date (7 Apr. 26, Car. II), but these are in the Criminal Court of Quarter Sessions: in these cases the defendants were fined 6s. 8d. each for killing the bull without baiting-the actual words are: ипит taurum sine bubetia mactavit, and sold the flesh "for good steers beefe. It was therefore at one time thought that bull-baiting was necessary for health. E. B. O. K. L. FIELD NAMES (cxlvii. 265, 301, 363, 415, 450, 470).—I welcome R. S. B.'s correction of my more than rash suggestion about "Boozer pit field, and if there is, or was, a cowshed near it there can be no doubt he is right. But I wish he had given N. & Q' the benefit of his knowledge earlier. I venture to add a short list of field names hereabouts which perhaps R. S. B. and others may help to elucidate: Bawtern mead, Baybans or Baybands, Blue bottle field, Boterys cross (on road), Bottel or Bottlemead, Clamp, Clings, Dowsemead, Gamesfield, *Hellfield, Isabells, Lewiscornes, Misimed, Moresinsens, Motherips, *Puckmire, Pydmer, Ryebumps, Shatefont, Shaftisfont, Shastisfont (1451-1519). Strodemede, Tilgate, Vusshes, Welchern. Those marked with an asterisk are in an ancient deer-park, laid out in farms in Cromwellian days, so can only date from the middle of the seventeenth century. May I make one correction on p. 416? The field name I quoted was Chucks, not Chucky, but my writing was in fault, no doubt. South Park Farm, Blechingley, Surrey. UVEDALE LAMBERT. RICHARD BARNES (cxlvii. 46, 126, 470). Jane Dyllycotes, a Frenchwoman, married Barnes at his castle in Durham, 20 March, 1588 (Reg. St. Oswald's). She married, secondly, Leonard Pilkington, master of S. John's College, Cambridge, and brother of Barnes's predecessor in the see of Durham. Her will was dated 31 Dec., 1605, and was proved at Durham 25 July, 1609. "Proved her husband's will at York 26 May, 1600." She was buried near Bishop Barnes June 20, 1605 (Cathedral Register). The above is taken from Harlland's Genealogy of the Pilkingtons,' edited by Axon, and printed for private circulation in 1875. T. R. THOMSON. collotype plates, accompanied by a note upon each, and a competent and pleasantly Roubiliac agreed with written introduction to the whole. Mrs. Esdaile remarks very justly that Roubiliac is not sufficiently well known to the general public-the statue of Newton itself not itself unreservedly excepted. This collection should bear a part in getting neglect remedied, partly through the pleasure any lover of art may have, in contemplating the of the criticism, and even of the information, reproductions, partly through the freshness offered. The Newton statue stands out above the rest. It is said to have cost £3,000. The bust of Chichele was done for £52 10s.; Mrs. Ann Lynn to execute a marble monument not less than seven ft. broad and fourteen ft. high, containing a marble figure life-sized, for £500. The price of the Newton statue is, therefore, most unusual, and should, our author thinks, be received with caution. She relates, on the Roubiliac's great-great-grandauthority of daughter, that the sculptor was compelled to modify the original pose of the figure, Decause, when he came to carve the hand holding the prism, he found an unexpected flaw in the marble. Roubiliac possessed two copies of the death-mask of Newton, one of which now belongs to the Royal Society, the other to the Library at Trinity. Not much has been discovered in the way of history about Roubiliac's work at Trinity. Of the Willoughby, Ray, and Cotton terracotta models exist in the British Museum, which has likewise plaster models of Barrow and Bentley. Of these, which are almost more interesting than the marble itself, illustrations are also given, as well as of a delightful plaster cast at Lambeth which Mrs. Esdaile herself first recognised as work of Roubiliac's, and then perceived to be a cast of the Bentpedestal. The Cotton terracotta is likewise of ley before that bust mounted on its was Mrs. Esdaile's identification. By some confusion of Eliab Harvey, the donor, with the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, it had been labelled as a portrait of " Harvey;' and, on a visit to Trinity Library to inspect the Roubiliacs again, Mrs. Esdaile discovered its true character. She has been similarly happy over the bust of Daniel Lock. We do not entirely agree with her in her wonder that Roubiliac was able to give to a head modelled from a portrait no less vivacity than to portraits from the life. He had a great gift of wit, and we fancy he hardly needed to sweep the cobwebs out of his head "-to use Scott's expression in praise 66 of Chantrey. At any rate he worked with Sidelights on Elizabethan Drama. By H. 12s. 6d. net.) OUR one UR readers are already familiar with the majority of these studies, in which Mr. Dugdale Sykes has subjected the text of about half-a-score of Elizabethan plays to the most minute criticism, and thrown fresh light on the often intricate problem of their authorship. To them are added in this volume a paper on The Taming of the Shrew' and The Famous Victories of Henry V,' brought out in 1920 by the Shakespeare Association, one on The Spanish Gipsy,' reprinted from The Modern Language Review, and a new one on Webster's 'Appius and Virginia,' which here appears for the first time. A writer's use of words and phrases forms one of the main threads in Mr. Sykes's argument. This requires close knowledge of the given writer and of his contemporaries, as well as imagination characterised by some unusual tact. Even so, much allowance must be made for inevitable uncertainty in more than direction. Thus, we confess that in studies of this nature we have often found ourselves inclined to think that some resemblances, imputed to borrowing or unconscious memory. arise, in reality, from coincidence in invention. But, on the whole, we believe that Mr. Sykes's acumen and his well-practised judgment lead him truly. He has reached that intimacy with the Elizabethan dramatist which many editors and critics fail to reach in regard to their subjects-an intimacy which concerns not merely the subject himself or itself, but equally and with equal sureness relations with external matters, persons, and the spirit of the time. We hope Mr. Sykes will continue and extend his labours: the result of them, so far as they now go, is a notable increase of insight into Elizabethan dramatic literature, and in a larger entirety they would constitute important contribution to the development of critical method, in which, in somewhat modified way, the use of so-called "scientific principle" is being applied, and is justifying itself better than of old. a an ironwork, etc.-survivals of past glory amid present squalor. But the disappointing emptiness and lack of the suggestion of life and movement, so characteristic of every byway and alley in London, is very marked, and makes for monotony. The letter-press consists of rather curiously abrupt pieces of information, with numerous quotations from the well-known diaries of Evelyn and Pepys and such-like mines of interest, together with extracts from old histories and surveys of London. With these at his disposal, the author might have dispensed with mention of works of fiction which have no historical value. BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES. A few notes from the Catalogue (No. 545), which we have received from Herr Karl W. HIERSEMANN, of Leipzig, may be found acceptable (the prices are in gold marks). He has a portfolio and case of red leather, containing numerous rough drafts of letters by Napoleon II, King of Rome (1829-30)-9800 gm. From the period of the Thirty Years War there is a letter of Count Tilly-160 g.m. Under Poets, men of letters and Authors,' we noticed a presentation copy to Carlyle of Varnhagen von Este's Denkwürdigkeiten des eigenen Lebens (560 gm.); a draft in Schiller's handwriting of a version of a passage in the 'Phèdre of Racine' (280 gm.) and a letter of Schiller's to his publisher, 1788 (900 gm); with an unpublished letter of Voltaire-accepting an invitation to visit a friend at Lyons--1773 (100 gm.) NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. CHURCHYARD OF ST. MARY, ISLINGTON (see cxlvii. 407). MR. W. E. GAWTHORP sends reference 12 S. x. 188, 232. F. V.--We regret that we cannot advise correspondents, nor insert queries, as to the value of old books or other objects, or as to the means of disposing of them. MR. W. E. GAWTHORP: Many thanks for answers (Registers and Poll-books wanted'; London Alleys, Byeways and Courts. By Allen Theatre Pass') anticipated at ante p. 13. Stapleton. (John Lane. 15s. net). THE sixty-two drawings with which Mr. Stapleton illustrates his book, are valuable in so far as they depict bits of London fast disappearing; and some of them are really good from an architectural point of view (notably Strand Lane, Ducking Pond Yard and Devereux Court, the last rich in interesting detail). Letters forwarded to MR. H. CURTIS. MR. They give examples of hidden-away porches, J. B. WAINEWRIGHT, MISS MYRTLE E. WILLIAMS, overhanging storied houses, old chimney stacks, and HARMATOPEGOS. PRIME MINISTER (see s. r. Quotation from Swift,' exlvii. 428).-H. C-N writes: Ought there not to be mention here of the strong case I made at 12 S. ix. 446, for Sir John Reresby having been the first (and not Clarendon) to write these two words (not 2 equivalent words) in 1667? whoever published first." Printed and Published by The Bucks Free Press, Ltd., at their Offices, High Street, |