managed by the painter so as to appear quite unlike. This picture is more easily read than the other, and there is no point about it that can be mistaken, without the slightest reference to the explanatory account, excepting a few of the names of the French, and a few of the American officers, whose countenances were not sufficiently known to be readily named. The discipline of the American troops, which surprised and astonished the English general, is admirably seen in this picture. Many of the American army were then veterans in war, and they showed Earl Cornwallis that against such troops it would be in vain for the king his master to contend any longer. There are thirty-four large figures in this picture, and a fine background, exhibiting the British forces marching between two lines of the victorious army to lay down their arms. A greater number of that noble animal, the horse, were introduced than in the picture of the taking of Burgoyne, which to many gives it more of a military air. Many of the likenesses in this picture are also admirable. This was the closing scene of the revolutionary war.

WASHINGTON RESIGNING HIS COMMISSION TO CONGRESS, is the last of the four great pictures the property of the United States, and is, perhaps, to most spectators, the most interesting of the whole, rather, however, from its moral than natural sublimity. A warrior in the prime of manhood, on whom the glow of manly beauty was still to be seen; who had accepted the command of an undisciplined army, in every way unprepared for war, which had nothing but the justice of their cause, and an indomitable courage to support it; and who, after enduring with them every hardship and privation, had now hastened to resign his commission, without rewards or stipulations of honours from his countrymen, was a scene unparalleled in the history of nations. This scene exhibited the greatness of the patriot, free from the vulgar ambition of the military chieftain; a triumphal car, or an ovation, decreed by his country, would have diminished the effect of this solemn unostentatious ceremony, which deserves to be handed down to the latest posterity, to show how much above the level of ordinary greatness was the leader of our armies in those perilous times. It is of importance to us to retain the likenesses of some of this congress, which had then become a small and feeble body, but still contained some excellent men; but it is more important to preserve an accurate likeness of General Washington, which this is said to be, by those who knew him at that period of life. Stuart's picture of him was painted several years afterwards, when a portion of the soidier was lost in the statesman. Trumbull's was taken when Washington was unharnessing from the fight, and the chivalrous spirit of the warrior

was in every word and look. This likeness should be often copied for those who wish to preserve his lineaments as a soldier.

It is to be deeply regretted that the opportunity of extending the number of the remembrances of historical events, arising out of our struggle for independence, should have been suffered to escape us. We have only a third part of those which might have been obtained and kept as rich memorials of that age. The veteran from whose pencil we have had these four pictures, was obliged to end his labours from false notions of economy arising up among our national representatives, while his eye had not lost its accuracy, nor his hand its steadiness. A youth of prudence has given him a vigorous old age. Col. Trumbull is not only at the head of the historical painters in this country, but is among our most accomplished gentlemen and scholars. A fine early education, improved by travel, and with more than half a century's intimate acquaintance with the most polished and enlightened minds in Europe and America, have enriched his understanding with vast stores of knowledge upon almost every subject, have given to his manners ease and grace, and to his style of conversation a charm and finish, that make him the delight of all circles of fashion and taste in our country. He connects the former with the present age, and is an honour to both.

New institutions, it is said, develope new talents, or awaken those which have lain dormant. The militia of the United States, which was organized soon after the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and which in some parts of the country grew up at once into a formidable body of well disciplined men, who were fond of every military appendage, and prided themselves on their standards, every company having a right to one. An emulation soon arose in the militia, for those of great splendour and taste. The custom of carrying a waving standard, made of silk or light stuff, was of eastern origin. It is said that the custom was drawn from the standard of Mahomet, which was the turban of a convert chieftain, who, on espousing the prophet's cause, fixed it, on an emergency, to the head of his lance, and unfurled it to the breeze. The standards of the christian warriors were of a different appearance. Those of the crusaders were small and square, and drawn tight over a frame. The waving ensigns were first adopted by the maritime nations of Europe, from the mussulmans',as being far more beautiful, and more easily managed, than others; and then they came into use among the military forces of the same nations. We took our colours from England; but with true characteristick ambition, we have given it a more magnificent expansion; we were not confined by the laws of any herald office. The GARTER of Arms had nothing to do

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with our northern or southern ridings; we had no fees to pay for armorial bearings, and no fears of forfeitures for trespass on another's rights, or assumption of what was not our own. pendent corps, as those who have certain privileges, have been called with us, took great pains to appear, not only "completely armed and equipt, as the law directs," but also to support a most splendid uniform, and other imposing appendages. A superb banner was therefore indispensably necessary;—to effect this, they employed painters of taste, whenever they could be found, to design and paint them. Among the first painters in this branch was Johnson, whose talents we have spoken of in a preceding part of this lecture; but after a few years he was surpassed by Penniman. He has brought this style of painting to very great perfection. His designs are often classical and ingenious, and frequently have an appropriate bearing upon the name of the corps, or on some circumstance of its history. The fashion has been prevalent for young ladies to present these standards to military companies, with patriotick addresses, and eloquent prayers for the prosperity and success of the brave defenders of the country; and if but few opportunities have been found for the youthful soldier to fulfil his promise to the fair—that he never would prove a recreant—not one particle of the admiration bestowed on the beauty and elegance of the standard was lost on the artist who painted it; he became freshly inspired by the smile of beauty, and the publick admiration.

Engraving is a sister art to painting, and follows her in every age. This art has grown up among us with astonishing rapidity. Thirty years since, there were not more than half a dozen engravers in the United States, and these of a secondary order, as their works in our periodicals of that age will show; but since Bradford published the Encyclopedia, the art has been cultivated with zeal in the United States; and there are now to be found a very considerable number of engravers, whose works are admirable, and are held in high estimation. A taste for fine engravings is extending far and wide in our country, and patronage makes artists.

Sculpture is now attracting the attention of some of our young men of talents, who have produced some fine specimens of the art. They will find encouragement, for there are every day exhibited new proofs of the partiality of the opulent in this country for this branch of the fine arts.

LECTURE XII.

But, then, it must be remembered, that these men were bred and educated in the principles of a free government. 'Twas hence they derived that high and manly spirit, which made them the admiration of after ages. HARRIS'S HERMES.

"Tis LIBERTY, that is formed to nurse the sentiments of great geniuses: to inspire them with hope, to push forward the propensity of contest, one with another, and the generous emulation of being the first in rank.

LONGINUS.

A good orator should pierce the ear, allure the eye, and invade the mind of his hearer.

Words are not all, nor matter is not all, nor gestures; yet together they are. 'Tis most moving in an orator, when the soul seems to speak as well as the tongue.

Surely, nothing decks an orator more, than a judgement, able to conceive and utter.

The scriptures are penned in a tongue of deep expression; wherein almost every word hath a metaphorical sense, which does illustrate by some allusion.

Nor is it such a fault as some make it, now and then to let a philosopher or a poet come in and wait, and give a trencher to this banquet of eloquence. St. Paul is a precedent for it.

I never knew a good tongue, that wanted ears to hear it.

I will honour sacred eloquence in her plain trim; but I wish to meet her in her graceful jewels, not that they give addition to her goodness, but that she is more persuasive in working on the soul she meets with.

OWEN PELTHAM, on Pulpit Oratory.

EVER since the Almighty gave to man the faculty of speech, he has been proud of using the prerogative well. In every age, to speak well has been thought to be one of the highest human accomplishments, as well as necessary instrument, in gaining and sustaining power and authority. It has led to the direction of the affairs of nations, and to the establishment of creeds in philosophy and religion. The great lawgiver of Israel felt and avowed the want of eloquence in undertaking his divine legation.

"And Moses said unto the Lord, O my Lord, I am not eloquent, neither heretofore, nor since thou hast spoken unto thy servant: but I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.

"And the Lord said unto him, Who hath made man's mouth ? or who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the seeing, or the blind?⚫ have not I the Lord?

"Now therefore go, and I will be with thy mouth, and teach thee what thou shalt say.

"And he said, O my Lord, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him whom thou wilt send.

"And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Moses, and he said, Is not Aaron the Levite thy brother? I know that he can speak well. And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee, he seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart.

"And thou shalt speak unto him, and put words in his mouth : and I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth, and will teach you what ye shall do.

"And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people: and he shall be, even he shall be to thee instead of a mouth, and thou shalt be to him instead of God."

The first efforts of poetick inspiration were those that gave immortality to eloquence. The different kinds of speakers are described by Homer with a precision and beauty that has never been surpassed; like the productions of the Grecian chisel, they remain as models to this day. All religions have been promulgated and supported by eloquence; even ours, which descended from heaven, was preached with tongues of fire, the miraculous gift of its author. Error has been propagated by eloquence; Mahomet was the most eloquent man of his race, and composed his Koran in the choicest verses of a lovely literature.

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A passion for eloquence is not confined to civilized man. sons of the forest are as fond of it as the best cultivated minds in polished life. Indian history is full of the passion for eloquence. The speech of Logan is only a common specimen of their capacity for high attainments in the noble art.

When the Winnebagoes had a deputation at the seat of government last year, the interview between them and the President of the United States was conducted with great ceremony. After sitting a while in the audience chamber, the most aged chief, then ninety years old, bald headed, with his manly arms and chest bare, arose and advanced to the president; in a few words he stated the object of his visit, and his happiness in finding the great father of his people so kind and good, but should speak but little, but leave the details and exemplifications of the mission they were sent on, to the orator of the tribe. The aged chief retired with great dignity; the signal given, the orator advanced; he was of fine size and noble proportions. He stood an almost naked