every room to hope, that from respect for him, and for their own interests, they will sooner or later, be reconciled to this Charter, which is now become a fundamental Jaw of the kingdom. desires peace and tranquillity, the stabi lity of the Constitution, and of the Laws, the support of which is absolutely necessary to enable them to look to their own affairs, and to pursue their lawful occupations. This party is composed of persons of dixme and the feudal droits are irrevocably suppressed. That this great mass includes almost every inhabitant of the cities, and of the country at large, admits of no question or dispute." Difficult Prize Question won by a Lady. The nobles in general being the principa! proprietors of vested interests, will dis-property, manufacturers, merchants, and cover, that they, of all men, are the most tradesmen; it comprises also the laborious deeply interested in the punctual execution classes, so that the population at large is of this charter, which guarantees to them on this side: It curses the Imperial Gothe peaceable enjoyment of their property.vernment, and its agents, the tyranny and The second party is that of the Friends injustice of which it has so often experi of Buonaparte, into which the Republicans enced: it is singularly attached to the Conwere mingled and amalgamated. He had stitutional Government, and it will become made friends of those who composed this more and more attached, by the repeated last party, by giving them places and em- assurances given, that the Charter shall be ployments civil or military, by his distri- preserved inviolate, by which its property bution of honours, by favours and dona-is secured, with the laws, by which the tions, and most of all by promises of advancement, and of what he would do for them, by which means he had secured the devotedness of the officers and soldiers. It may be supposed, that these last, especially, regret a government that loaded them with wealth and honours, and granted to their profession a marked preference over all others. . . These are the most dangerous enemies of the Constitutional Government. This party also includes many individuals who have joined it, through apprehension of the disturbance of sales of National Property, and of other institutions throughout France. These are mistaken, but they have not separated their interests from those of their fellow citizens: and it may be hoped, that the prudence of the King and the two Chambers, will reconcile them, by correcting their opinions The number of Friends of Buonaparte, is not so great as some have imagined. When he proceeded to execute his plan for form-pected, was by far the most noticed. ng a body of Fédérés, to oppose the national guard, he failed in many depart'ments: at Paris he never could assemble more than from two to three thousand, of which many were incorporated by force. The inhabitants of the Fauxbourgs St. Martin, St. Denis, and the Temple, obstinately refused to enter into these federations. The acclamations which the presence of the King excited in the Fauxbourg St. Antoine, and in all the others, demonstrated the loyalty of the labouring classes in Paris. The same observations have been made in all the departments. The most numerous, active, and dangerons partizans of Napoleon, were unques-leys, of lakes, and other elevated points of tionably in the army. The third party is that of the Great Mass, the sound part of the Nation, which equally fears the excess of anarchy, and the arbitrary acts of an absolute government, which At the sitting of the first class of the Institut, December 26, 1815, a circumstance somewhat remarkable took place. A prize question that had been proposed three different times, and was kept on the list of prizes during six years, was at length answered by a lady, who obtained the highest prize. It is the first instance of the kind in France. The lady is Mademoiselle Sophie Germanes: the subject was a very Natural Philosophy :-On the resolution of important question in Mathematics and the Problem of the Vibrations of Elastic Surfaces. Various other prizes were awarded at the same time, but this, as might be ex GERMANY. The Society of Sciences at Goettingen has proposed among other things, a prize for the discovery of a cheap and easy method of preparing, during the burning of wood, the pyroligneous acid, or Vinegar of Wood, in such a manner, and to such extent, that it may be used instead of vinegar, in domestic service, and for the purposes of the Arts and Manufactures. Die Hochen der Erde, &c. The Heights of the Earth have lately been treated in a descriptive volume, printed at Frankfort In the first section of the work, the author treats on the heights of mountains, of val the globe; such as-the Maritime Alps, with the Appenines-the Grey AlpsMount Cenis, &c. The Peninine Alps and Mount Blanc, &c. The Lepontine Alps; those of the Canton of Berne; From the tenor of certain essays which appeared in the years 1810, 1811, it should seem that there was a serious apprehension of the return of barbarous times, in Germany, in consequence of the tyranny ex the other Alps of Switzerland; &c. He then adverts to mountains, as the Haemus, the Lacha, the Carpathiau, the Sudetes, the mountains of Upper Lusatia, of Bohemia, the Hartz, the Jura, the Cevennes, the Pyrennees, those of Britain, ofercised by Napoleon. Que of these pubIceland, &c.-adding also those of Africa, Asia, and America. lished in the Vaterlandisches Museum, the Museum of our Native Country, was intitled On the Fear of a Scientific Barbarism, approaching: The author deduces the corruption of the German character, from the evident diminution of national industy." If this be well founded, what an escape had Europe, by means of the expedition of Napoleon to Moscow! HUNGARY. The first Supplement contains the heights of 794 cities, towns, valleys, lakes, &c. in alphabetical order. The second marks the heights of various edifices, columus, and obelisks: the heights of nineteen churches and towers: of the Pyramids as well those of Egypt, as those of New Spain. The number of mountains described, is two hundred and five-with The number of students in the Univernotices on their structure, and most re-sity of Pesth, in 1814, was 805; of which markable productions. The Constitution sketched out for Ger-dicine and Surgery; 192 in Jurisprudence; many by the Congress at Vienna, has, as and 361 in Philosophy.-The number of it might be expected, given occasion to students in the Gymnasium of the same various publications. Among others, one city was 576; that of the College of Deprofesses to be the History of Civil Li-breezin was 550. In the Catholic Lyceum berty in Germany; or the rights of the citizens, of the nobility, and of the ecclesiastics. Wurtzburg. 2 vols. 8vo. 70 were students in Theology; 182 in Me of Clausenberg, were reckoned students in Philosophy 136; in Surgery 16; in Jurisprudence 80; in all 232. In the College of the Reformed Religion of the same town, were reckoned 636; and in the Unitarian College 206. The writer, M. Montag, treats on these subjects in several distinctions; which we conceive must be very acceptable in his own country, though they would not, per-sium at Presburgh, has lately been consiThe Library of the Lutheran Gymnahaps, greatly interest British readers. Barbary Powers, to reduce. The proposals made by our naval hero, Sir Sydney Smith, for reducing the power of the Barbary States within due bounds, -a proposal which is likely to be supported by all the Chivalry of Europe, has excited considerable emotion on the Continent. It has also given occasion to the publication of a volume, entitled Ueber die Seeraeuber im Mittelmeer, &c. Observations on the Measures to be taken to exterminate the Corsairs in the Mediterranean, accompanied by historical and statistical illustrafions. It was published at Lubeck, in 1815. derably augmented by voluntary donations. PRUSSIA. The state of the public mind in Prussia is not entirely understood by those who have no immediate communication with that country; did we not know this from other means, we might easily infer it, from the publication of a sett of Satirical Lectures, delivered at Berlin in the winter of 1813-14. The first volume has been published, and has already reached a second Edition. The subjects treated on in this sett areOn the present age of Gold-On Hell, and those who are in Hell-fire.-On the This work was addressed to the Con- Art of becoming rich-On the Art of obgress at Vienna. The author begins with taining a good place--On the Art of obtaina rapid glance at the history of the Bar-ing immortal renown-The tactics of the bary States, and their connections with the slipper, or the Art of domineering over States of Europe during the last three cen- men-On Education--The Natural History turies. He next examines their strength of the Ass-The Natural History of the by land and by sea, at the early part of Monkey-On the Landsturm fever. the nineteenth century, and closes with general remarks on their mode of exercis ing their piracies. This matter is under further consideration; and these pirates have already made restitution of nearly 200 captives to the Emperor of Austria. In a sitting of the University of Berlin, held August 3, 1815, Dr. Tralles communicated a notice of the calculations made by M. Bessel, at Konigsburg, of the orbit of the comet of Olbers, seen in that year:➡ the periodical revolution of which he fixes at seventy-four years. The Prussian press is very diligently employed in naturalizing, so far as description can do, whatever new inventions or discoveries in Arts, Mechanics, &c. are rendered useful in foreign parts. Indeed, this appears to be the disposition of the whole of Germany, at this moment; and several Works are in course of publication, with this intent. RUSSIAN FINLAND. Present State of the University of Abo, in Finland. The University of Abo was founded by Queen Christina, of Sweden, in 1640, at the request of Count P. de Brahé; at that time Governor of Finland. It was originally, nothing more than an Academy, to which a few Professors were attached, and also a few exhibitions, or donations, for the benefit of students whose circumstances required assistance. It was not, therefore, in any degree able to rival Upsala, the only University then existing in Sweden-for, in fact, it had neither library nor printing office, nor collection of Natural History, nor museum of objects of Art, nor instruments, or other Philosophical Apparatus. All these objects were gradually and successively obtained by the liberality of various individuals, who contributed them as presents; and in time, Professors' Chairs were added, for anatomy and surgery, for chemistry, rural economy, &c. : afterwards, a theological seminary, a botanic garden, an anatomical theatre, a laboratory, a cabinet of medals, a collection of mechanical and agricultural implements; and further, masters of languages, teachers of music, fencing masters, &c. &c. an Imperial Decree comprised in five artí- of Russia. To this decree, dated February 11, 1811, was annexed a plan of organization, comprized in several articles; by which, 1. The number of chairs, and the appointments of the Professors were increased. 2. The funds for supporting and improving the botanic garden were also increased. 3. One hundred tous of wheat were as signed to the widows and orphans of Professors, already dead. 4. The sum of 960 rubles was assigned for the annual increase of the library. 5. As much for the support of the museums and cabinets. 6. Several other sums in favour of the anatomical theatre, the laboratory, and the necessary instruments of the art of surgery. Among other things, the buildings of the of 1440 rubles was assigned for keeping University were not forgotten; the sum them in repair; and the same sum for the current expences of the University. paper. Nevertheless, there was still a deficiency The Academic Printing-Office was also in the funds necessary to turn these objects confirmed in its privilege of importing to good account, and not less embarrassed were the Professors in what manner to yearly, without paying the duties of imdisplay their property;-they were strait-portation, one thousand reams of printingened for room. This was remedied by the erection of an Academical College, the first stone of which was laid in July, 1802. This structure is large and commodious, and forms one of the principal ornaments of the town. It was in this state, that the University of Abo was transferred, with all Finland, to the dominion of Russia. The Russian government began by confirming the existence, and all the privileges of the Univertity, at the same time demanding from the Academical Senate a circumstantial report of the state of the University, and of the means by which it might be improved. As a favourable answer to this report, the University quickly afterwards received On the 28 of June 1811, the University celebrated the Epoch of its invigoration by a solemn assembly, in which several discourses were pronounced in the Latin language, also in the Swedish, and in the Russian language. All these pieces have been since printed, in one Volume 4to, under the title of Orationes Panegiricæ quibus in Evergetem summum potentissimum Alexandrum primum Rossiarum omnium Imperatorem et Autocras torem, &c. &c. Magnum Principem Finlandiæ, &c. &c. Pietatem suam diebus xxvii. et xxviii. Junii MDCCCXI, testatum fecit Academia Aboensis. Aboe. Typis Frenkelianis. NEW SOUTH WALES. "Government-House, Sydney, June 10, 1815. CIVIL DEPARTMENT. "The Governor desires to communicate, for the information of the public, the result of his late tour over the Western or Blue Mountains, undertaken for the purpose of being enabled personally to appreciate the importance of the tract of country lying westward of them; which had been explored in the latter end of the year 1818, and beginning of 1814, by Mr. George William Evans, deputy-surveyor of lands. To those who know how very limited a tract of country has been hitherto occupied by the colonists of New South Wales, extending along the eastern coast to the north and south of Port Jackson only 80 miles, and westward about 40 miles to the foot of that chain of mountains in the inte rior which forms its western boundary, it must be a subject of astonishment and regret, that amongst so large a population no one appeared within the first 25 years of the establishment of this settlement posBessed of sufficient energy of mind to induce him fully to explore a passage over these mountains:-but, when it is considered that for the greater part of that time even this circumscribed portion of country afforded sufficient produce for the wants of the people, whilst on the other hand the whole surface of the country beyond those limits was a thick, and in many places nearly an impenetrable forest, the surprise at the want of effort to surmount such difficulties must abate very considerably. "The records of the colony only afford two instances of any boid attempt having been made to discover the country to the westward of the Blue Mountains.-The. first was by Mr. Bass, and the other by Mr. Caley, and both ended in disappointment-a circumstance which will not be much wondered at by those who have lately crossed those mountains. The favourable account given by Mr. Evans of the country he had explored, iuduced the Governor to cause a road to be constructed for the passage and conveyance of cattle and provisions to the interior; and men of good character, from amongst a number of convicts who had volunteered their services, were selected to perform this arduous work, on condition of being fed and clothed during the continuance of their labour, and being granted emancipation as their final reward on the completion of the work. "The direction and superintendence of this great work was intrusted to William Cox, esq. the chief magistrate at Windsor; and to the astonishment of every one who and sees what has been done, he effected knows what Was to be encountered, its completion in six months from the time of its commencement, happily without the loss of a man, or any serious accident. The Governor is at a loss to appreciate fully the services rendered by Mr. Cox to this colony, in the execution of this arduous work, which promises to be of the greatest public utility, by opening a new wealth to the industrious and enterprising. When it is considered that Mr. Cox voluntarily relinquished the comforts of his own house, and the society of his numerous family, and exposed himself to much personal fatigue, with only such temporary covering as a bark hut could afford from the inclemency of the season; it is difficult to express the sentiments of approbation to which such privations and services are entitled. source of "Mr. Cox having reported the road as completed on the 21st of January, the Governor, accompanied by Mrs. Macquarie and that gentleman, commenced his toor on the 25th of April last, over the Bine Mountains, and was joined by Sir John Jamieson at the Nepean, who accom panied him during the entire tour. The following gentlemen composed the Governor's suite: Mr. Campbell, secretary; Capt. Antill, major of brigade; Lieut. Watts, aid-de-camp; Mr. Redfern, assistant surgeon; Mr. Oxley, survevor ge Sce Lit. Pan. N. 5. Vol. II. p. 155, et al. 63 and New South Wales. rug deral; Mr. Meehan, deputy surveyor-ge-thickly covered with timber. 1. of Windsor, the river Hawkesbury, Prospect considere of good pasture land and soil fit for cultiva |