Foreign Literary Gazette. ABYSSINIA. Persecution of the Mons A monk has arrived on board a Turkish vessel at Ancona, who is come from Gondar, the capital of Abyssinia. A persecu tion has been commenced against the monks; but they had contrived to interest in their favour the son of the reiguing sovereign, who had obtained for them the indulgence of being allowed to quit the country within a limited time. The monks had done great services; and in consequence, in many provinces, the chief places in the government were put into their hands; aud this, it is supposed, is the cause of the present persecution. AUSTRIA. Rural Economy taught by Authority. The Emperor of Austria has ordered, by an Edict, dated April 20, 1814, that Rural Economy shall be taught, as a part of education, in all the establishments for Communicating Theological-Episcopal In- | struction in Austria below the Ens; and for this purpose he has ordered Professors of Rural Economy to be nominated at Krems, at Admont in Styria, at Pilsen, Brixen, Leutomischl, and Budweis, in Bohemia; and at Brunn and Nicolsburgh in Moravia. [780 Dramatic Observer, and the Theatrical Gazette are still carried on. Among the political journals the Austrian Observer, and the Gazettes of Vienna, and of Ofen, enjoy the most extensive sale. lace, has begun to publish a Theological M. Frint, Curé of the Chapel in the PaCatholic Journal. his Hesperus, and his Economic Newspaper, M. André continues to publish, at Bonn, intended to communicate the newest discoveries and all improvements in useful knowledge. the Indicator, edited by M. Gurende. Another journal publishing at Bonn is telli continues his Almanack under the tiAmong the poetical publications, M.Castle of Selum; and M. Erickson also continues his Almanack of the Muses. These publications, like most others, are compilations of good, bad, and indifferent: the selection is thought to be in favour of the latter. engage in very few novelties or speculaIn general, the booksellers of Vienna tions, because, during some years past, the dearness of paper and of workmanship at the press, has obliged them to put prices on their books which are much beyond those at which they can retail works of the same description imported from abroad. This last remark concerns more than the booksellers of Vienna: the consequenThe Edict directs, among other things, there: the same consequences will un ces of high prices have already taken place that the Bishops charged with the nomina-doubtedly follow the same causes in other tion of these Professors, shall carefully select persons well instructed, of good reputation for moral conduct, and who shall previously undergo due examination. tt The intention of this establishment apparently, is to promulgate, by means of the Clergy, a greatly improved system of Rural Economics among the peasantry, where the lot of these clergy may be cast; as well as to improve the comforts of their own situation. Remarks on the JOURNALS publishing at Vienna. The Literary Journal of Vienna, formerly edited by Dr. Sartori, is continued with success under the direction of M. Hartmann, as also are the Patriotic Sheets, and the Conservator. The Historical Archines, including Geography, &c. by M. de Hormayr, is also confinued; but the number of original pieces contained in it is now greatly reduced. The Musical Journal is dropped; but the two Journals of Public Spectacles, the VOL. IV. No. 23. Lit. Pan. N. S. Aug. 1. countries; and when the evil is felt, reme. dy will be too late. COMPLETE LIST OF AUSTRIAN JOURNALS. In the Patriotic Sheets of Austria is the following list of journals, literary and political, which are in course of publication at Vienna, and in the Austrian States, for the year 1816. Literary Journals, and Periodical Works. 1. The Universal Indicator: a Journal Historical, Statistical, and Political. 2. Archives of Geography, of History, of Statistics, and of the Military Art. 3. The Letters of Eispeldau. 4. The Spirit of the Times. 7. Kronos. 8. The Novelists' Magazine. 12. The Collector. 13 The Journal of the Spectacles. 2 F 14 The Theological Journal. 15 Tydennik: in Hungarian. 16 The Patriotic Sheets. 17 The Vienna Literary Journal. Political Journals, in German. 1 The Observer. The Tyrolese Messenger. 3 The Gazette of Brunn. Dr. Wahlenberg, a Swede, who in 1813 travelled over the Carpathian Mountains, botanizing, is on the point of publishing a Flora Carpathica. BAVARIA. The population of the city of Munich is estimated at 60,000 souls; that of the sub 4 The Gazettes of Clagenfurth-of Lay-urbs at 18,659, and the number of stran bach-of Lemberg-of Lintz-of Offen of Prague-of Presburgh-of Vienna -and of Transylvania. Political Journals, in Italian. gers which annually visit that metropolis is nearly 26,000. The number of volumes in the Central Library is about 400,000. Among the The Ladies' Courier-The Milan Gazette-MSS. are reckoned, 300 Oriental-and The Venetian Journal-Notices of what passes in the World-The Trieste Ob server. In Polish and in Latin. 1. Cysarka Krakowska wydenske Now- In Hungarian and Servian. 1 Magyar Kuriz. In Modern Greek. The Telegraph. The French and English Journals which are permitted at Vienna, are delivered by the Post-master-General at the following prices, in Bank Bills. 1 The Moniteur, 420 florins. 2 The Journal des Debats, 236 florins. 8 The Frankfort Journal of Fashion for among them Malabar Poetry, written on palmetto leaves; 250 Hebrew MSS.; 580 Greek, and nearly 8,000 Latin, French, Italian, German, &c. The Museum of Natural History contains, among other articles, a collection of 500 Tropical butterflies. The number of Greek and Roman coins in the Royal Cabinet of Medals is nearly 10,000. The Museum of Antiques is beyond a doubt the most considerable in Germany, and boasts a complete series of busts of the Roman emperors. We learn these particulars from the second edition of a Description of Munich, published in that city, in 1814, which has also a series of fifteen views of places, and a plan of the city. FRANCE. The Budget-a term, by the bye, ori ginally given in derision to Lord North's Proposals for Ways and Means, in the British Parliament, at length naturalized among us, and now currently used among the French, who have borrowed it from usthe Budget continues to occupy the cal 9 The Paris Journal of Fashion, 150 flo-culators of France ;-it has given occasion to rins 10 The Courier, 1090 florins. Turkish Government and Constitution. Joseph de Hammer, the celebrated Orientalist, has published at Vienna, in 1815, Staatsverfassung, &c. Historical and Statistical Picture of the Ottoman Empire. 2 vols. each of 500 pages 8vo. This is one of the most complete works of the kind that have appeared on the constitution and adminstration, especially the internal administration,of the Ottoman Empire: the author has consulted various works, printed and MSS. as well of Oriental writers, as of Europeans, a list of which he has prefixed. "Moral Considerations on the Finances," by M. de Levis; and to "the Spirit of the Budget, or the Budget of 1816 modified and extended to 1820," by M. Pellegrini, This is spoken well of; it states the present condition of the Finances; and after examining the Minister's Budget, proposes another, referring to the interven ing five years 1816 to 1820. The author is described as a clear headed man. Seclusion of Women. From the Chinese language has been translated into the Russian, and from the Russian into the French, a treatise on the Advantages resulting from the Seclusion of Women, and the inconveniences inseparable from giving them liberty. It is to be hoped that the Chinese Author has adduced good reasons for this custom, which certainly | Leipsic, and may be considered as either has prevailed in most nations, even the the commencement of a new series, or a most polished as well as the barbarous, at continuation of the former, as the twentydifferent times. On the other hand, good fifth volume. The work cousists of origi reasons are given for placing the restraints nal memoirs, chiefly of a practical nature; to which the sex ought to submit, rather and of translations of valuable articles from on their minds than on their persons; and foreign papers. for producing the most powerful effects, rather by the operation of excellent principles implanted, than by the jealousies of perpetual imprisonment. The benefits received by allowing liberty to the female sex, are very reconcileable with the preservation of their own honour and that of their families. Perhaps, however, this treatise may prove extremely à propos at Paris, for cer tainly the intrigues for which French women are so famous, and which they manage with a dexterity unattainable and incredible, by other nations, could not possibly be conducted, as they conduct them, were the agents and prime movers of them secluded à la Chinoise. New Journal. It A new journal has been started at Paris, under the title of Le Diable Boiteux. professes to be critical and literary; and if it possesses but half the wit and the spirit of observation which distinguish Le Sage's famous novel of the Devil on two Sticks, it cannot fail of meeting applause and support. It appeared for the first time on the first day of April, and from that date it appears every fifth day: each number contains a sheet and a half. National Institut: Gilding on Copper. Among other prizes proposed by the National Institut, one is—to discover a simple and easy method, at the same time, cheap; to prevent all the dangers which attend the use of mercury, and which arise from the vapour of the mercury, employed in the art of gilding on copper. GERMANY. Antient Poems Published. and Trades at Hamburgh, has published at The Society for Encouragement of Arts its own expense, Ueberdas Bauwesen, &c. A Memoir on the Art of Construction, and tion of Public Buildings and Public Works on the Method of directing the Construcin general, in a manner at once economical and solid. It includes also Observations on the principles of Cheapness, as connected with the Building of Private Houses. Report affirms, that among the great quantity of speculative writings and pamphGermany on political affairs, and especially lets which daily issue from the press in on Constitutions, distinction is due to a volume by J. C. Betarens, intitled Ueber the Constitution of a State. It is dedicated Staatsverfassung, &c. Considerations on to prince Hardenberg; and deserves, it is said, his patronage. Messrs. Rosini, Passetti, and Scotti, at Naples, continue their assiduity in unrolling the MSS. of Herculaneum. Several works which have been transcribed are proceeding at the press. ing with great activity. Since 1806, three The excavations at Pompeii are advanchundred men have been labouring at removing the earth, &c. in order to get at the ruins: before that time the number emThe two most antient German poems- A portion of the marble ceilings and beams ployed was scarcely more than a dozen. of the eighth century, have lately been which have been recovered, have been carpublished at Cassel, for the first time, in ried to the gallery of the Royal Museum, their original metre: the subjects are, 1. and others to the Academy of Arts as obThe Song of Hildebrand and Hadubrand.jects of study to the young artists. 2. The Prayer near the White Fountain. Medical Work revived. The work intitled Neue Sammlung, &c. | New Collection of Medical Memoirs, was closed in 1807, at the twenty-fourth volume: the first and second numbers of an additional volume appeared in 1815, at Antient Chronicle Recovered. Venice, in the island of St. Lazarus, has The Armenian Academy established at had the good fortune to discover a manuscript complete of the Chronicle of Eusebius, of Cesarea. It is translated into the Armenian language, and is of the fifth century. The Academy proposes to pub- | begun some years before by M. de Engellish the Armenian text with a Latin trans-hardt, in Germany and France. For this lation facing it. Distribution of Prizes-Machinery. On the 4th day of October, 1815, being the anniversary of the birth of the Emperor of Austria, a distribution was made of the prizes given at Milan for the encouragement of sciences and arts. The prizes were medals of gold or of silver. A gold medal was adjudged to Sig. Ant. Marie Guaita, proprietor of a manufactory of cloth, at Como, for several instruments of machinery, adapted to perfect the operations necessary in that process. Also to Sig. Giovanni Carlinetti, of Milan, for a new Balance suited to weighing of the heaviest loads. Also, to Sig. Luigi Rosa, of Milan, for a machine for raising heavy arti cles, and marking their weight with great exactness. The silver medals were given for various instruments, for dividing the coccoons of silk, by vapour--for a new Areonieter, and other philosophical instruments-for chromatic Telescopes-for an astronomic pendulum-for instruments to measure distances, circles, &c.-and for a new powder, which gives the most beautiful polish to steel. nounces The bookseller Alvisopoli, of Venice, ana History of the Pontificate of Pius VII. under the title of Storia del Pontificato di Pio Papa VII. gloriosamente regnante, dal di dell' esaltatione sino al faustissimo di lui ritorno alla Santa Sede. The work will form six octavo volumes, and will be published at the rate of one volume per month. The first has already appeared. The Typographic Society at Brescia announces the publication of Stephani Antonii Marcelli, Africa Christiani. The work will form three volumes in large quarto, accompanied with maps, and containing also a Portrait of his Holiness Pius VII. Some Jesuits are preparing to depart for Asia, and two of that order arrived from Russia, have been presented to his Holi This work is published by the School purpose he joined company with Dr. Frederic Parrot, who proposed to examine the vegetation of Southern Russia, of Moldavia, and of Wallachia, and to correct and complete by coincident observations, the barometrical levels of these mountains. After a residence of some months in the Crimea, the travellers, in July, 1811, visited Taman, and took their route along the Kuban, to Batal Paschinsk, near Constantinogorsk, whence they proceeded to Mosdok, and to the sources of the Terek, the course of which they followed to its discharge into the Caspian sea. The work is accompanied by several levels of the Black sea and Caspian, &c. maps and plates, explaining the relative RUSSIA. New Journal: by Authority. By order of the Minister for Public Instruction in Russia, Dr. Merkel has been invited to publish a Journal of Literature and the Arts, at Petersburgh. We have not seen the following work, but suppose it may be interesting equally to the scholar as to the antiquary. Dissertatio Academica de Libris linteis Antiquorum. Pars prior, Auctore Matth. Kalm: Pars posterior, Auctore, C. A. Gruner. pp. 22. in Quarto. Abo. 1815. SAXONY. Portraits of Illustrious Men. Lucas Cranach was the principal portrait painter of the Elector of Saxony in the years 1520, 1548, and 1546, he painted a series of portraits in miniature, on parchment, which have been preserved with great care, and from which engravings have lately been made with great accuracy. They are nearly eight inches high, and are signed at bottom with the handwriting of the persons represented. This series comprises the most eminent personages of the time: Frederic III. of Saxony, called the Wise; Martin Luther, aged 60; Melancthon, aged 46, and the painter himself, aged 80. The text contains the principal events of the lives of the parties. Fac-similes of their writing are given on a separate plate; with the citation of Luther to Worms, &c. SWITZERLAND. Exhibition at Zurich. The sites affording most interesting inLibrary. The journey was undertaken ingredients for landscape composition are so 1811, and ended 1812. The object of it numerous in Switzerland, that it can excite was to continue among the mountains of no wonder that the Artists of that country, Russia those researches which had been perpetually resident among them, should And themselves irresistably drawn to this branch of art, and should excel in painting landscape. The late Exhibition of works of art at Zurich proves this beyond all INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE PASSAGE FROM CHINA. doubt. Out of about a hundred and fifty BRITISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA. pieces, the major part was landscapes: and among these the greater number was of Views in Switzerland. A few Portraits and Sculptures were also exhibited. The art of engraving is practised with great effect and merit. Visit to the Holy Land. We have formerly mentioned to our readers the adventures of a Norwegian sailor, who determined on visiting Jerusalem, Bethlehem, &c. in the Holy Land. We have now to report an expedition somewhat similar, published under the title of chiksale eines Schweizers, &c. The Adventures of a Swiss, during his Journey to Jerusalem and Mount Lebanon, written by himself. Vol. I. St. Gall. 1815. The recent arrival of thirteen large heavy laden ships of the East India Company from China in our Channel, in one hundred and nine days, is a triumph of mercantile navigation, and a combination of nautical skill with good fortune, of which there is nothing equal upon record. To cut through fifteen thousand miles of ocean in that short time, is without example in marine experience. With similar passages we ought to communicate with our Asiatic Presidencies within six months, instead of once in twelve to fifteen months. The ships lately arrived from China had heard of the battle of Waterloo and cap The adventurer was Mr. J.M. H. Mayr, a commercial agent at the little town of Arture of Paris before their sailing, and left bon, on the Lake of Constance: his object was to extend his commercial connections in the Levant, and to obtain orders which might furnish employment and subsistance to a great proportion of his workmen, who had been thrown out of work, by the stag nation of commerce, and the distressing events of the war. The Journal has been revised by the Curé Appenzeller, of Arbon. The style is simple and natural. The observations on the manners of the Wallachians, the Greeks, the Turks, and the Jews, are evidently dictated by truth and impartiality. We should think it equally instructive and entertaining. TRANSYLVANIA. Dr. Baumgarten, of Segeswar, who undertook a Botanical journey for the purpose of inspecting the vegetable productions of Transylvania, in June 1812, proposes to publish a Flora Transylvanica. Dr. SEETZEN. There are reports abroad, not forbidding hope that this adventurous traveller is not dead; but, that he has been imprisoned by the Imam of Mascat; so that, there is a possibility of his re-appearance. His friends on the Continent are anxiously looking to England for intelligence; but, we believe, that nothing to be relied on has been lately received respecting him, from any of our countrymen residing in Arabia, or trading to the Arab dominions on the Red Sea. It still remains to be known what is become of that portion of his papers, which it is understood, was saved from the general destruction. which all reached St. Helena together; China in consequence, in three squadrons, were despatched from that rock two and two, and all made the Start Point in our Channel at once; a proof of skill, and an instance of good luck in navigation, which has no parallel. All the particulars of this extraordinary passage deserve well to be carefully collected and noted, for some evidence and guide in the practice of navigation. The concurrent observations of so many able seamen would be instructive, The writer was once, on a passage to and of an authority to admit of no dispute. India, 140 days out of sight of all land, and in that long time did not make more than three parts of the distance which has now been run through in one hundred and nine days! This eventful voyage ought not to be passed over without some reference to what would have been the incredulity of the antients had they been informed of a similar exploit. When it is next asked, whether the moderns have made any improvements on ancient skill, let this voyage be quoted: it must have its weight, as evidence. And we trust that the manes of our departed seamen, Lancaster, Middleton, Drake, &c. &c. who navigated those seas, will not take amiss our appeal to them,-as to what they would have thought of a voyage from India, in one hundred and nine days. CALCUTTA. THE DURGA POOJAH, Or Annual festival of the Goddess Durga, at Calcutta, has repeatedly occupied our pages; and we have had occasion to re |