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turally flow. We find in the centre of light and civilization a multitude of precious souls perishing for lack of knowledge." -We cannot expect even civilization to exist, where the scriptures are not known; or are despised by word, or trampled on in practice by those who do know them. Never has the necessity of a learned evaugelical ministry appeared more urgent, than when passing through a country, destitute of such a blessing. Who can expect religion, or even morality to be practised, when some Christians in profession, and I may say, some teachers of religion, live dissipated lives?"-" When professors neglect family prayer and instruction, and reduce the Sabbath to a level with the other days of the week; when teachers of religion never pray, except on the Lord's day, and spend but half that day in public worship; the tone of morals must be low, piety must be nearly bauished."

that in the counties of ROCKINGHAM and STRAFFORD, containing (exclusively of Portsmouth and Exeter) seventy six towns, and according to the census in 1810, 88,047, inhabitants, are forty-five towns, which, with their inhabitants, 40,286 souls, are destitute of the stated means of Grace. Of these forty five towns some have been destitute 10, some 20, some 30, some 40 years, and in some the gospel ministry has never been statedly enjoyed. One lamentable consequence is, that in some towns a Christian church has not yet been formed; and in some, where churches exist, the Lord's supper has not for ten, twenty, or thirty, years been once administered. Most of these churches are also much reduced in number; one from sixty-two members to two females; several to but one male member, and in one town, containing one thousand and sixty three souls, the visible church of Christ, after a stated ministry of twenty-eight years, has been many years totally extinct The unhappiness however of these barren places does not cousist merely, nor principally, in of grace; nor in the reduced state of the their privation of the public, stated means churches. Had these destitute people been left to the sole guidance of the Bible, and to the influence of instructions and habits, in early life imbibed from ministers and paThe urbanity of old and young has as-rents; their situation had been eligible, tonishingly increased within two years; compared with what it now is. But sithe morals of the people are greatly re-tuated, as most of these people are, they formed; the piety of many appears more hearty, rational, and scriptural; prejudices against congregationalists are pidly subsiding; and there is an increasing sense of the value of early instructing children in science, morals, and religion.

It must not, however, be concluded, that these people were incapable of better things, provided they were properly instructed; or of attending to better instruction, provided it were offered them. The same writer, after repeated visits, closes his fourth journal with these remarks:

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have not only to overcome the avarice and apathy of worldly men; but to encounter the errors of enthusiasts and sectaries of various name; by whom they are counteracted, out-voted, and discouraged. Hence the condition of the few friends of order and religion in each town, if not desperate, is truly deplorable. In the advance of life, having themselves seen better days, and earnestly wishing their children may

"In the higher orders of society there is an evident increase of good breeding, and a sense of the value, attached to the steady habits of their sister States." In one town, in particular, East Green-be taught the right way of the Lord, they wich, the Missionary writes, Feb. 25, 1815. "A mortal sickness, prevailing here, has doubtless opened the ears of many to instruction; they are more attentive hearers;

and resolutions of amendment are many."

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

"Without descending to particulars, (some of which are detailed in the Schedule annexed) it may be stated generally,

are subjected to the distressing apprehension, that their descendants will be no other, than unbaptised infidels.

"The freewill Baptists are most numerous here, and their doctrines the most popular. This order is wretchedly ignorant in divine things; the word of God is slighted and contemned even by their teachers, and the Sabbath profaned. They follow visions, dreams, and revelations given (as they say) immediately from Heaven, which they know to be true.".. Many By this expression is doubtless intend- pretend that God converses with them faed New England, or rather the middle re-miliarly, and tells them, what to do; and gion between Massachusetts Proper and Connecticut, the most enlightened part by far of the United States.

a woe is pronounced against them, if they disobey his voice. If a person preaches according to the word of God; they say,

he preaches the scripture very well, but they can read that at home; and are not satisfied, unless a minister preach something, that is not in the Bible, viz. something, he has immediately received from Heaven. Those, who are impious enough to say God has commanded them to preach so and so, however contradictory to one another, are heard with attention, as messengers from Heaven. What among them, fills me with the greatest horror, is the familiar and profane manner, they speak of, and to, God. In their prayers they address the Saviour with this title, brother Jesus;' and many other expressions they use, calculated to bring religion into contempt.'

"Some of their exhorters observed that, when any thing was strongly impressed on their minds, though forbidden in the Bible, they chose to follow their inward light, against the light of Scripture.'-A man, who at times was a teacher among them, spoke much of the success of a Mr. Clarke, as a preacher, who, he said, was unable to read the scriptures."

You ask, how many denominations in cach town?--In every town may be found Congregationalists, Calvinistic Baptists, Methodists, Universalists. Freewillers, and Christyans. At Meredith Bridge about one third are Congregationalists, four or five Calvinistic Baptists, and six or seven Freewillers, two or three inclining to Universalism; the rest have their religion yet to choose, who will be likely to fall in with any man of popular talents. The Second division in Meredith is principally Freewillers. The Third Division is made up of Calvinistic Baptists and Congregationalists, most however of the first. Centre Harbor is about equally divided into Methodists and Congregationalists, with a few Freewillers. Tuftonborough has about thirty five families of Congregationalists, the rest Freewillers and Christyans. Wolfborough is divided in much the same manAlton is wholly carried away by Freewillers and Christyans, except fifteen

ner.

We are sorry to say that the same incautious and irreverent manner of expression has its counterpart in London: a minister in the act of praying, has been heard to say, "Brother Jesus! if you don't do so and so, I shall make my complaint, and tell your Father of you!" It is no excuse to say this must be the language of an ignorant Fanatic: granted;-but why does the respectable denomination which knows this-we suppress its appellation-keep such a man in its connection, and continue to compliment him with the title of " the Reverend Mr.

or twenty families of the regular order. Middleton and New Durham, if possible, are in a more deplorable state."

"There are about thirty ordained and licensed preachers in this vicinity, and about sixty, who preach and exhort in their public assemblies. Among the whole not one has much more than a common school education, many with difficulty read a pslam or hymn, and some cannot read, so as to convey the sense. Most of the Calvinistic Baptist preachers are of good moral character, but some are not. All the others are Antinomian, and shape their course accordingly. No violation of the divine or of human laws occasions any breach of charity or fellowship among them."

They believe a person may be regenerated, more times thau once; and that it is common for men to be perfect in this fe. Oue of their distinguished leaders, in conversation with a Missionary, declared that he himself was as perfect, as Jesus Christ. They believe that learning is unnecessary, as a qualification for the ministry. The more there are speaking at once, and the louder they scream, the greater, in their opinion, is the power of the Spirit. The word of God is despised, when it opposes revelations, communicated to them. The Christyans in many respects harmonize with the Freewillers; but are distinguished in the following particulars. Their professors belong to no church, are subject to uo discipline, and believe it of no consequence to partake of the Lord's supper. They deny the foreknowledge of God in all instances, and that he is acquainted with many things, now taking place. They hold that the wicked are to be burnt up, and cease to exist after the judgment of the great day."

It cannot be wondered at, that the people so taught, or rather untaught, should be chargeable with " lying, drunkenness, uncleanness, sabbath breaking, fraud, and

theft." The methodists are better in some respects; for when they can no longer hide the wickedness of their adherents, they shut them out of their societies. They have their rival preachers also, in some places: who anathematize each other.

Thus the kingdom was divided against itself; and the people knew not, which to discredit; as they believed both to be sent them from Heaven, with the counsels of the Most High."-In conversation with this W

she asked him, whether he enjoyed as much of religion, as he wished? To which he replied, O yes, and a great deal more ;-that he had been so over

powered with it, and so burdened, that he had repeatedly prayed, that God would take some of it away, lest he should sink and die under it."

lightened parent, relative to her personal religion, I found that her mind was not decided; but her heart was tender, and she melted into tears. I left the cot, between which and its furniture, as well as tenants, there was an utter contrast, much pleased with having stumbled upon such an interview from mistaking my way, and resolved, if possible, to repeat my visit."

in a desert, merits a place in our notes as well, as in his laconic journal.-The refinement of a town in the midst of the woods, the family having been deposited Journal. "These creatures [Freewill here (New Durham) by the whirlwind of Baptist preachers] mark out with their the times. Three lovely children, edueye one or two, whom they intend con- cated from the alphabet by an intelligent verting at one of their meetings; and their and polished mother, showed discernment, object is usually effected. For, if they can feeling, and proficiency; which, in a ho make them cry, then quiet, and prevail on vel, and in such a place, surprised me. them to go into the water; the work in their | Two of them, about five and seven, read a opinion, is effected."- -"But they do not morning and evening prayer with the eloalways succeed. The following was re- quence of devotion; recited the commandlated to me by a respectable attorney, ments with correctness and interest; while who was an eye and ear witness of the one, the eldest, a sensible boy, was so fact, having been at a quarterly meeting overcome, after having been addressed on of the Freewillers at Sanbornton. He the subject of religion, as hardly to speak. said, there was a great many preachers,Upon questioning the amiable and enand a vast multitude of people collected to hear; and that while he was present one JB was the principal speaker. He began his discourse on a cart, and at first addressed himself to the people collectively. But, observing a girl, standing near him in the crowd, whom he knew, he immediately turned from his sermon (if sermon it might be called) and began to converse with her; whose given name was Mercy. He first described the bodily agonies of her father, when dying, to which he was a witness; but did not succeed in bringing her to tears. He then painted the dy ing convulsions of her mother; and endeavoured to imitate the contortions of nature, in her last moments. Here he succeeded, and brought the girl to tears; for the recollection was too painful, to bear without emotion. The preacher then called with a loud voice, is there no one, who will pray for poor Mercy?' Upon which one rushed through the crowd, knelt by her side, and began to scream as loud as he was able. A second and a third came in like manner, and added their voices to the one, who was already vociferating. B-theu jumped from his cart, and came to her side; and in the midst of their prayer repeatedly spoke to her so as to be heard by the people, now is your time to be converted; and, if you are not converted now, you never will be.' And sometimes he would say,(O, horrid blasphemy)Now Jesus, convert her, for thou never canst bave so favourable an opportunity; and, if thou dost not now convert her, thou never canst.'-Upon which some one, who had more sense, or more kindness for the girl, than others, came through the crowd, took her by the hand, and led her from the horrid scene."

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One solitary exception, to our Missionary unexpected and delightful, as the rose

We cannot but suppose that many other families, equally lovely and interesting, might be found; but the wildernesses of America are extensive; and they must be sought at the imminent danger of worse than " mistaking the way."

It will be remembered, that this work is an official publication by a Society consisting in great part of ministers, who are well aware of the infidelity to which America is exposed, for lack of knowledge. They are endeavouring as a part of duty to God and man, to stem the torrent of these evils; in which all must wish them success. We forbear from asking many questions, which the papers suggest,-but, it cannot be taken amiss, if we enquire, Whether under such circumstances it was the duty of America to send missionaries abroad, or to have directed their efforts to the conversion of the worse than heathen population, at home?

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* Compare pp. 469. 470.

A fact that deserves notice, is stated in note to one of the Missionary Reports, viz. that one of the missionaries employed walked from twelve to twenty miles every day, for three months together, preached, exhorted, &c. and kept his health perfectly all the time, living only on milk. He cer tainly would not have been equally well, in these wilds, under equal fatigue, had he, as most do-indulged himself in the use of ardent spirits.

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this memoir.

Considering the circumstances of his family, it is probable that James received but a common education. An anonymous writer in the Gentleman's Magazine says, ❝at a very early age, his taste and industry in drawing were exercised in designing and painting fans for Goupy of the Strand; and he thus contributed very essentially to the support of his mother and her family." This account is probably correct: the writer

of this Memoir has seen all Mr. Stuart's original drawings of his views in Athens, &c.; they perfectly answer the description of them given by himself in the preface to the first volume of the Antiquities of Athens, being executed with great care and attention, to make them fac-simile delineations of the places represented, with out any endeavour to improve them by attempts at picturesque effect; they are done in that most untractable of all modes of painting called body colours, in which all the fan-painting of that time was performed, and which, in a higher department of the art was practised with success, by Marco Ricci, March, &c. &c. but most successfully by Goupy himself: this artist was likewise an eminent engraver, as must be acknowledged by those who examine the prints of Castel Gandolpho, after F. Bolognese, but more especially the Death of Pyramus and Thisbe, after Nicolo Poussin; he was celebrated for his copies or imitations of Salvator Rosa, performed in body colours; and the copy he made from the Pyramus and Thisbe of the same size as the print, is perhaps the finest specimen of that mode of painting which exists. If an artist, possessed of such talents, was obliged to support himself by selling fans, and employed Stuart to paint them, there can be no doubt but that he gave him both information and instruction during that time; if the fact that he was so employed by Goupy be established,

it follows of course that he must be considered as a pupil of that artist.

In this situation he continued till the year 1742, when he set out for Italy to prosecute his studies as a painter; the most authentic account of him is to be found in the preface to the first volume of the Antiquities of Athens, p. 5: he says, 66 we were then at Rome, where we had already employed six or seven years in the study of painting, and there it was that towards the end of the year 1748, I first drew up a brief account;" &c. &c. and from that time till his return to England, he was steadily employed in carrying into execution the design in which he had embarked.

In some papers which have been communicated to the Editor of this volume by the family of Mr. Revett, it is stated, "that the design of visiting and drawing the Antiquities of Athens, originated with Mr. Revett and Mr. Gavin Hamilton, the painter; whose knowledge of the temper, talents, acquirements, and reputation of Stuart, induced them to persuade him to join them in an undertaking, from which, in the enthusiasm of youthful hope, they promised themselves pleasure, honour, and great emolument."

The speculative turn of Hamilton's mind, as shewn in the whole of his conduct through life, renders it probable that the design originated with him; and both Revett and himself evinced their judgment and good sense in inviting Stuart to join them. How it came to pass that Hamilton abandoned his part of the design, it is impossible now to know; but he was never before mentioned as being in any way concerned in it.

It cannot now be discovered what branch

of the art of painting Stuart practised to support himself during the six or seven years of his residence in Italy, before he engaged in this undertaking; but it is certain that during that time he acquired all the literary knowledge which he has displayed in the work, and an acquaintance with those sciences, which enabled him afterwards to engage practically in the profession of an architect.

While at Athens, and previously to his departure from Rome, Stuart was liberally assisted with money by the Earl of Malton, afterwards Marquis of Rockingham, Lord Charlemont, Mr. Dawkins, &c. who, with

* J. Hawkins, of Bignor Park, Sussex, is in possession of a portrait of Stuart in Crayons by himself. On it is a ticket marked, “Class 121, S. the fourth premium, three guineas." The head is that of a boy of thirteen or fourteen.

many other noblemen and gentlemen, pro-cester square. The professed object of this moted with great zeal the subscription to Society was to examine and discuss subthe intended publication; but it is not jects of Grecian literature and antiquity, known that he had acquired any patron in though, at the time, it was pretended, that his architectural profession, until after the the political proceedings of the Rockingpublication of the first volume in 1762. It ham party were arranged there. The Marwas published in a style that gave the quis's late sister, Lady Charlotte Wenthighest satisfaction, and excited a wish to worth, continued her friendship to Mr. see the completion of the work, which, by Stuart's orphan family to the end of her a concurrence of circumstances, many of life. He likewise supported an intimacy which cannot now be detailed, has not with our lamented circumnavigator Cook, taken place till the present time. which continues between the remains of their respective families. The late Sir Philip Stevens, first, secretary to, and afterwards one of, the Lords of the Admi

from his arrival in England till his Lordship's death. He numbered among his numerous friends the late Daniel Wray, Esq. of Richmond: to the friendship of Mr. Wray's late widow, Stuart's only surviving daughter has been greatly indebted.

On the publication of the first volume, the knowledge of Grecian art burst upon the public in all its splendour; its author acquired the surname of "Athe-ralty, was his intimate friend: he, as well nian," par excellence; was chosen a mem- as Stuart, owed the foundation of his forber of the Royal Society, and the Society of tune to the patronage of Lord Anson; this Antiquaries; and became afterwards a it is probable, produced an intimacy bemember of the Dilletanti Society: he tween them, which lasted as long as the acquired the patronage of many noble life of Stuart; and Sir Philip continued families in his profession of an architect, his friendship to the family of his departed and had as much employment as he chose friend until his own life terminated. Mr. to accept: as a designer he was frequently Stuart was warmly patronized by the late applied to, on subjects not merely archi-Earl Spencer and the first Lord Camden, tectural, when any thing peculiarly elegant was required; of these I shall only mention the medals that were struck to commemorate Lord Clive's victory at Plassey, the taking of Guadaloupe, the battle of Minden, and the medal given by the Society for the encouragement of Arts, &c. all of which are conceived in the purest style of Grecian art; many others probably exist, of which the present writer has no knowledge. If Mr. Stuart had chosen to make a large fortune, he had more favourable opportunities of doing so than most men in his profession; he had introduced into Britain the knowledge of a style of art, which, though the oldest in existence, was new to this country, and every person of good taste admired and was willing to adopt it ; but, having acquired a competence by other means, he soon withdrew from the practice of his profession, to enjoy the society of his friends, and the comforts of his family, in the way that was most congenial to his feelings and habits of life.

Lord Anson, who had early patronised Stuart, procured for him the place of Surveyor to Greenwich hospital, which being almost a sinecure, and the income considerable, added to the property he had already acquired, and placed him in a state of independence equal to his wishes.

Stuart's distinguished friend and patron the Marquis of Rockingham, was one of a society which consisted of many noblemen and gentlemen who were connected with the Rockingham party, and which held a weekly meeting at Stuart's house in Lei

Mr. Stuart was twice married: by his first wife he had one son, who died at an early age; by his second he had five children, one of which died a short time before himself; his eldest daughter died of a decline some years afterwards; his eldest son was in the navy, and died in the year 1800; the youngest son is in the same profession, and has attained to the rank of lieutenant, and the youngest daughter is still living.

Mr. Stuart died Feb. 2, 1788, in the 75th year of his age, and was buried in the vault of the church of St. Martin in the Fields.

Having said thus much of his history, it may be proper to add something of his cha, racter as an artist, in which light alone he will be known to posterity.

If it be true that the character of an artist is best known by his works, the me< mory of Stuart will be respected by his countrymen as long as a taste for the real beauties of architecture shall remain among them.

Stuart's literary reputation was first established by a Latin work written at Rome, and published at the expense of the Pope, in the year 1750 it is entitled"De Obelesco Cæsaris Augusti, Campo Martis Nuperrime Effoso, Epistola, Jacobi Stuart, Angli, ad Carolum Wentworth, Comitem de Malton." This work pro cured him the honour of being presented

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