208. Who were the leading men of the Puritans, who came to New England? 209. By whom was Plymouth in Massachusetts settled? 210. When did the Puritans leave Holland, and what disasters befell them in the voyage? 211. When did this company arrive at Plymouth, and what were their sufferings? 212. What grain furnished the pilgrims with their principal subsistence. 213. When and by whom was a patent of New England obtained? What were the limits? 214. When and to whom was granted the country which now comprehends New Hampshire? 215. When was New Hampshire settled? 216. When and to whom was Nova Scotia granted? 217. When was mount Wollaston, now Quincy, settled? 218. When was the charter of Massachusetts granted, and who was the first governor ? 219. When was Salem settled, and by whom? 220. When was Charlestown settled? 221. When was Boston settled? 222. What is the date of the Plymouth patent? How long did Plymouth continue a colony distinct from Massachusetts ? 223. Who, besides the English, claimed and first settled on the banks of the Connecticut river? 224. When and where did the English first erect a trading house on the Connecticut? 225. When was Wethersfield settled? 226. When was Windsor settled? 228. When and by whom was Hartford settled? 235. When was Saybrook annexed to the Connecticut colony? 236. When did the colonies confederate for their safety? 237. When were the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven united? 238. When was Plymouth united to Massachusetts ? 239. When and by whom was Providence settled? 240. When and by whom was Newport settled? 241. When were Warwick, Westerly, Kingston, East Greenwich and Conanicut settled? 242. What was the government of Providence? What was the date of the first charter of Providence, and who obtained it? When was the present charter obtained? 243. Who obtained the first grant of Maine? Who first attempted a settlement in Maine, and where? Who disputed the right to trade in Maine? 244. What Englishman obtained a grant of Maine? When did Maine become a state? When and how was Maine placed under Massachusetts ? 245. Who obtained a grant of Maryland, and when? 246. How long did Maryland continue in the family of lord Baltimore? When was the Protestant religion established in Maryland? When was the property restored to the family, and how long did it continue in it? 247. Who began the settlement of Delaware? When did some families from New Haven settle in Delaware? 248. How did Delaware become annexed to Pennsylvania? 249. When did the Duke of York obtain a grant of land in America, and what lands did it include ? 250. How was the grant of New Jersey obtained, and of whom? 251. When was the division of New Jersey? 252. Who obtained a grant of Carolina? When was Charleston settled? 254. What calamities did the settlers in Carolina suffer? 255. When did the proprietors of Carolina surrender their charter? 256. Who obtained the charter of Pennsylvania, and when? Who were the first settlers of Pennsylvania? 257. Who first settled North Carolina ? 258. Who first settled Georgia; in what place, and when? 260. What were the motives of the Spaniards in settling America? What were the motives of Puritans in migrating to America? 261. What circumstances were favorable to the settlers of New England? CHAPTER VII. INDIAN WARS. 262. Massacre in Virginia. In the year 1622, the settlers in Virginia lost three hundred and forty-nine of their numbers by a sudden massacre. The Indians had, for some time before, lived on very familiar terms with the English; but in the spring of that year, they secretly plotted to exterminate the colony. The direct occasion was this. A young Indian chief, had murdered one Morgan, an Englishman, for some toys which he was carrying to sell to the Indians. The English attempted to seize him, and he making an obstinate resistance, was killed. To revenge his death, a conspiracy was formed, and on the 22d of March, the Indians fell on the inhabitants who were unprepared, and killed all they found. This compelled the people to abandon most of their plantations and retire to James Town. The consequence of this massacre was a furious and unrelenting war, in which the savages were slain without mercy. 263. Principal Indian tribes in New England. The settlers at Plymouth and Massachusetts had no trouble with the Indians in their neighborhood, for many years. But westward of the Narraganset bay, lived many powerful tribes, which had not been reduced by the malignant fever. These were the Narragansets who possessed the country between the river of that name and the Paucatuc, which territory is now a part of Rhode Island-the Pequots, a warlike nation, inhabiting the territory between Paucatuc and the Connecticut, now a part of Connecticut, by the names of Stonington and Groton-the Mohegans, who resided on the west of the river Mohegan, and owned the land, now a part of New London and Norwich. Of these the Pequots were the most warlike, ferocious, and formidable to the other tribes, with whom they were often at war. 264. Occasion of the Pequot war. In the year 1634, the Pequots killed captain Stone and all his companions, being seven in number, who were bound up the Connecticut, merely for compelling two of the nation to be their guides. In 1636, captain Oldham was killed at Block Island, where he went to trade. Some others were killed the same year; and in April, 1637, a party of Indians went up the Connecticut in canoes, and surprising a number of persons in Wethersfield, as they were going into the field, killed nine, and took two young women prisoners. These murders called upon the inhabitants to take measures for their safety, and it was determined to make war on the Pequots. 265. Beginning and progress of the war. The murder of captain Oldham induced Massachusetts to send ninety men under general Endicott, to reduce the Indians on Block Island, and then to demand of the Pequots, the murderers of captain Stone, and a thousand fathom of wampum, by way of satisfaction, with some of their children as hostages. In October 1636, they landed on the isle, and the Indians fled, but their wigwams were all destroyed. The party then sailed to the Pequot country, where they could not effect their purposes, and after burning a number of huts, they returned. The expedition from Massachusetts gave offense to the settlers at Plymouth and Connecticut ; who complained to the governor that it would exasperate the savages, without being of any use towards subduing them. But the continued murders of the Pequots, induced all the colonies, the next year, to unite in an expedition against them. 266. Destruction of the Pequots. In April, 1637, the Connecticut people sent letters to the government of Massachusetts, expressing their dissatisfaction at the expedition of the former year; but urging a continuance of the war to a more decisive conclusion. Preparations accordingly were made in all the colonies. But Connecticut was beforehand in executing the design; for early in May, captain Mason, with ninety men from Hartford, Wethersfield and Windsor, went down the river, being joined by captain Underhill at Saybrook, and by Uncas, sachem of the Mohegans, the enemy of the Pequots. Sailing round to the Narraganset shore, they landed, and being joined by five hundred Indians of that tribe, who wished to see the Pequots exterminated, they marched by moonlight to the Pequot fort, and attacked it by surprise. Captain Mason entered, set fire to the huts, and slew or took most of the Indians, amounting to six or seven hundred, with the loss of only two of his own men. Those who escaped, fled and took refuge in a swamp now in Fairfield. A body of men, being joined by the troops from Massachusetts, under captain Stoughton, pursued them, killed some, took others and dispersed the rest, so that the tribe became extinct. 267. Philip's war. In the year 1675, Philip, sachem of the Wampanoags, who lived at mount Hope, in the present town of Bristol, in Rhode Island, began a war, the most general and destructive ever sustained by the infant colonies. It is supposed that he was induced to undertake it, by a desire of exterminating the English. The immediate cause was this. An Indian had made a discovery of his plots, for which Philip caused him to be slain. The murderers were tried and executed by the English. Philip soon commenced his hostile attacks on the English, and by his agents, drew into the war most of the tribes in New England. 268. Progress of the war. On the 18th of July, the English forces attacked the Indians at Pocasset Neck, now Tiverton, drove them into a swamp, but were obliged to retreat with a loss of fifteen men. At the close of the month, Brookfield was burnt, except one house which was defended by the people, until they had relief. After which Deerfield was burnt. Northfield was abandoned to the savages, after a number of its inhabitants had been killed; captain Beers, attempting to succor the town, being slain with twenty of his men. The 18th of September was a fatal day; for captain Lathrop, and eighty men, the flower of Essex county, while guarding some carts which were conveying corn from Deerfield to Hadley, were surprised, and almost every man slain. This melancholy event was soon followed by the destruction of a considerable part of Springfield. Hadley was assaulted, but relieved by major Treat, of Connecticut. 259. Attacks on the Narragansets. The English had endeavored to secure the friendship of the Narragansets; and to prevent them from joining Philip, had formed a treaty with them, July 15, 1675. But it was well known that they secretly aided the hostile Indians, and it was determined to reduce them by a winter expedition. For this purpose, about a thousand men, under governor Winslow, marched late in December, |