The Machine in the Nursery: Incubator Technology and the Origins of Newborn Intensive CareJHU Press, 1996 - 247 sidor In the late nineteenth century French obstetricians reported that a new medical device, the infant incubator, made possible the rearing of premature infants whose prospects until then had been nearly hopeless. The announcement set off a wave of enthusiasm that swept the United States. Hospitals opened the first premature infant nurseries, and incubator shows (complete with live infants) opened in numerous public fairs and expositions. Yet Americans did more than adopt the incubator; they reinvented it in the process. A simple domestic warming device became a complex life-support system intended to provide a complete artificial environment for the premature infant. In The Machine in the Nursery Jeffrey Baker examines the transformation that overtook the incubator after it arrived from France in the United States. He argues that the apparatus furnishes an example of how social and cultural factors can fundamentally alter the evolution of medical technology. The analysis centers on the interaction between the technology and its intended "target", the premature infant. To the extent that particular medical specialists in distinct institutions and cultures saw different populations of such infants, they were bound to interpret the incubator's purpose differently. The factors of institutional, professional, and national context - along with that of gender - were of special importance in shaping physicians' attitudes. Taken together, these elements enable us to understand the complex "branching' pattern that characterized development of the incubator in the early twentieth century. |
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The Machine in the Nursery: Incubator Technology and the Origins of Newborn ... Jeffrey P. Baker Fragmentarisk förhandsgranskning - 1996 |
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Abraham Jacobi American Journal American Medical American Pediatric Society artificial asphyxia Association Auvard Baby Incubators became Berthod birth Boston Chapin child Children clinical congenital context Couney Couney's couveuse cubator deaths débiles DeLee DeLee's developed device Dwight Chapin early Emmett Holt environment Exposition fants feeding foundling France French obstetricians fresh air heat Hess History hygiene incubator room incubator show incubator station incubator's infant hospital Infant Incubation infant mortality infection institution Joseph Judith Walzer Leavitt Julius H Lion incubator Lying-in Hospital Maternité maternity hospitals Meckel Medicine mortality rates mother neonatal neonatology newborn nineteenth century nursery Nursling obstetric obstetricians oxygen Paris patients pediatricians percent physicians Pierre Budin Pinard popular premature babies premature birth premature infant prenatal problem profession professional reform role Rotch scientific social statistics Stéphane Tarnier Tarnier temperature thermostat Thomas tion treatment United University Press ventilation Voorhees ward warm wet nurses Whitridge Williams William York
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