ness of the destruction of the monument on follow a sword, axe, and gold mask captured in the 27 April , 1788, and of the discovery beneath it Ashanti expedition, which

are again followed by the of tho lead coffin containing the skeleton of Sir dirk, sword, and cucked-hat of Lord Nelson, and

again

by the sword and scabbard found with the dead body of William Weston. He adds, "This noble mond: Tippoo Sabib in the gate of Seringapatam. Beautifully ment......was purchased by Sir George Booth and executed are these designs—B0 beautifully, indeed, that removed to Burleigh." Peradventure the ema- they would each and all serve for framing. Descriptive ciated effigy of the Lord Prior was considered too notes are furnished by Mr. Richard R. Holmer, F.S.A.,

librarian at Windsor Castle, and the whole, when comgruesome for appropriation for ancestral purposes, pleted, will be furnished with an introduction by Fieldand was eventually deposited in the vaults beneath Marshal Viscount Wolseley. The work is to be como the present church, where it remained uncared for pleted in nine monthly parts. Its cover happily reprountil 1882, the greater part of a century. E. C. duces the flags used by Lieut. Pasco on the Victory at

Trafalgar, constituting Nelson's immortal signal. It is At St. Andrew's Church, Feniton, in this county, difficult to convey an idea of the beauty and luxury of on the north side of the sanctuary and on a recessed the number, which is, indeed, worthy of the place it is altar tomb, is a hideous stone representation of sure to occupy on a royal table. We look to Mr. Nimmo a dead body, wrapt in a shroud, the folds of which for the handsomest of volumes, and our hopes are never

disappointed. are tied over the head. So ghastly is the subject, that curtains are now hung in front of it, that Les Keepsakes et les Annuaires Illustrés de l'Epoque children, at least, may not be frightened by its M. Gauss ekon, who to his distinguished gifts as a writer

Romantique. Par B.-H. Gausseron. (Paris, Rondeau.). horridly realistic appearance.

HARRY HEMS.

and a bibliographer adds a complete knowledge of our LANDING OF FRENCH TROOPS AT FI8HGUARD bibliography of the Keepsakes which, originating in

language and literature, has compiled an admirable little IN 1797 (8th S. ix. 247, 318, 433).—In looking England about 1820, were copied in France. The inforover some old papers I have come upon a copy mation supplied is fúll

, occupying sometimes many pages. I made of an inscription I saw on an old silver. This is not the first eseay M. Gausseron has made in this mounted cutlass, which may be of interest in direction, he baving supplied a list, less ample than the

prescnt, to the Annales Littéraires of the Société des connexion with the above subject. It runs as Bibliophiles Contemporains. The book is issued in an follows :

edition strictly limited to 200 copies, on vellum paper, “Presented by the Commissioners of His Majesty': all numbered. It should find a place in every important Customs to Captain John Hopkins of the Speedwell bibliographical library and on the shelves of the collector. Cutter at the Port of Milford in testimony of his The few copies will soon be absorbed, and the brochure meritorious conduct and services at the landing of a

may hope before long to be as icarco as some of the party of French troops at Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, on

works with which it deals. tbe 21st of February, 1797."

The History of Suffolk. By the Rev. Jobn James Riven, Perhaps inquiry at the Treasury Department D.D., F.S.A. (Stock.) would elicit further particulars; and, if same are This is one of the excellent series known as “ Popular made, I, amongst the rest, would be pleased to County Histories.”. We need bardly say that the various see the result.

forty-five of these towers in Suffolk, some of which Dr. start, as Mr. Thoms did "folk-lore.") To be sure the Raven believes to be later than the Norman conquest. way was made easy for him by the successive collecA useful alphabetical list of them is given.

tions of Hislop, Nicolson, Henderson, and Chambers; Dr. Raven is an authority on bells as well as bell. nevertheless he has made many additions on his owa towers. Speaking of the many beautiful towers built account, and some omissions and oversights. We have during the perpendicular period, he points out a fact compared his book here and there with Hislop's Pro which will be new to many of his readers. “The cages verbs of Scotland' (third edition), and can testify that for the bells," he says, were placed as soon as the the accessions are very considerable, especially in the building had reached the belfry floor, and the towers matter of pithy sayings and quaint turns of expression were then built around them. This is proved by the which hardly amount to being proverbs. In this departlength of the wooden pins which fasten the beams to- ment he has hardly made adequate use of the works of gether, such that they could not have been driven in Prof. Wilson, which are a rich quarry for such a purafter the walls had been constructed round them." pose. Many proverbs which are given by Hislop are,

We are glad to find marked attention drawn to the for some unexplained reason, wanting here, such as "Å family of Winthrop, so well known in New England. gudo cause maks a strong arm,'

"“A gude conscience is The race, there cannot be much doubt, took its name the best divinity” (Hislop, p. 24), " A gude green turf from a village now called Winthorpe, in the Lincoln- is a gude gudemother”. (id., p. 26), and the curious im. shire marshes. Dr. Raven speaks of Winthrop as a cor- precation of mythological interest, “Go (or gae) to ruption of Winthorpe, but the error is the other

way. Hecklebirnie".

(id., p. 107). The Lincolnshire villages with names ending in thorpe Among positive errors may be noted the comment on were almost always spelt throp in former days, and the “I'll bring him down on his marrow banes," which is peasants of to-day whose speech bas not been corrupted

“bend bis knees as he does to the Virgin Mary” (as if by" book larnin!” still speak of Gunthrup, Scunthrup, " Mary-bones”.!); "Gae to the deil and he'll bishop and Althrup, while those who have imbibed school. you,” explained, after Hislop, as applicable to one " well board learning say Gunthorpe, Scunthorpe, and Althorpe. worthy of a high position in the devil's service"; but

The remarks concerning the men who fought for the "to bishop " is not to make a bishop of one, but merely King or the Commons in our great civil contest in the a well-known old phrase for to confirm. "Where the seventeenth century are worth careful attention, as they carrion is there doth (1) the eagles gather," one of the are evidently based upon long.continued biographical re- most familiar sayings in Scripture, is cited as a Danish search. There has been for many years a tendency to proverb (p. 79)! Then there is a superfluity of trite idealize those who took part in that great struggle. expressions in use everywhere, such as “To be chopFancy history is in all cases harmful, but it is especially fallen," “ To be meally-mouthed," " To come from

far 80 when applied to a time wherein principles bo like and near. " With Mr. Cheviot's classical quotations the some of those which are matters of controversy to-day printer makes sad work, unreproved, e.g., ** Kathemata, were debated at the point of the sword.

mathemata-Heroditus" (p. 402); capnas" for canas,

p. 88; “bedera" for hedera, p. 121 ; and similar mon. Some Notes of the History of the Parish of Whitchurch' trosities on pp. 265, 273, 288, &c.

Oxon. By the Rev. John Slatter. (Stock.)
This is a most useful volume. It does not profess to be

MESSRS. CASSELL bave begun, in a people's edition, & a parish history of the higher kind, such as no one who reissue of their Natural History. With the first number, had not spent on it years of labour could bring to per- which at sixpence is a marvel of cheapness, is given : fection, but it will be a very great belp to any antiquary large-sized print of Mr.

Hardy's "Kings of the Desert."who shall be moved to take up the subject in an exhaus. Part XXXIII. of the Gazetteer of the same firm, from tive manner

. The latter part of the work is by far the Latheronwheel Burn to Liddington, has views of Lauder, better. Mr. Slatter has found some valuable papers and other places.

Launceston, Leamington, Ledbury, Leeds, Leominster, relating to the condition of the poor in the time of Elizabeth and later reigos, which he has done well to publish. In 1569, though the names of twenty-four

Notices to Correspondents, persons are given as contributors to the poor, the subscription for

three months only reached the modest sum We must call special attention to the following notices: of 5s3d. The greatest contributor was a Mr. Gaape, On all communications must be written the name and who gave ls. In 1582 the quarterly collection had in- address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but creased to 9s. 10d.

as a guarantee of good faith. The author gives several lists of church goods. One

We cannot undertake to answer queries privately. made in 1574 shows that several of the vestments used in the unreformed services were yet in the custody of

To secure insertion of communications correspondente the church wardens. There was a church house here in must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, 1593, and in it were kept a caldron and a great chest, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the which latter was a repository for pewter spoons, wooden signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to platters, spits, trenchers, a kettle, and other things that appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested were needed for the village ale-feasts. Church houses to bead the second communication Duplicate,' are now exceedingly rare, if even there be a single speci. GROWLER.—Unfortunately our space is limited, and it men left. In former days they must have been very is impossible to print every query in the next issue," common. They were, in fact, for the rural village what as is too often demanded by querists. the town hall was to the incorporated boroughs, or the vestry halls are at present to the large unincorporated places of modern growth,

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "Tho

Editor of Notes and Queries'"- Advertisements and Proverbs, Proverbial Expressions, and Popular Rhymes Business Letters to “The Publisher"-at the Office,

of Scotland. By Andrew Cheviot. (Paisley, Gardner.) Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. MR. CHEVIOT bas made a very good book on Scottish We beg leave to state that we decline to return com. folk-saws. (Surely there is room for this convenient word munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and if only some writer of authority would give it a fair to this rule we can make no exception.

ment, 486.

a

LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1896.

Ball, a dance, and ball, a spherical body, both

seem to come from the stem ball, wbich seems to CONTENTS.-N° 234.

have been borrowed from the Greek Báddelv, and NOTES :-English Words from Romance Sources, 481,_The the primary meaning will have been to set in cirDrought and the Rain - Harmony in Verse steridame calar motion ; cf. Ital. ballare, to dance; balla,

–Translation, Life of -Daniel Colwall, F.R.S., 484 — Horatiana "Sicker"

ballone. Coleridge and Sainte-Beuve, 485—Grace Darling Monu

Baron, from baro, originally a simple man; in QUERIES :- Two Peacocks of Bedfont'-Boak, 446- Early this senso used by Cicero; thon a soldier's servant, Belgian Pedigrees--Force of Diminutives in Latin-Order of Council, 487–Peryam - Windmills-Games in Church- cf. scolion to Persius, 'Satires,' v. 138 (0. Jahn); yards – Heraldic

-- Southwell MSS.-Arms of Jenner and thus a stout strong man. National Debt-Nelson's “Little Emma"-Banks in Cal

Barren, baranea (feminine man), baro, accordcutta-Civil War, 1645 - Alley - Name of University 1. Young, 488—'The New Help to Discourse –Chinese ing to Diez, the origin of O.Fr, subst. baraigne Collection- Nickleby Married '-Curious Tenure, 489. (sterile woman); whence N.Fr. bréhaigne. REPLIES:-Samuel Pepys, 489–Our Lady of Hate-Marish -St. Emmanuel, 480_Parson of a Moiety of a Church- Bastile, bâtir, root bast; cf. basterna, & litter The Giaour,' 491-Heraldic"Gazette"-Poem Wanted made of batons laid across a frame.

Coronation Service, 492–Handel's “Harmonious Blacksmith"-Patriot-Our Seven Sense8—" Abbeyed

"Ben

Baccara, little jag, from Latin biccarium. Jonson-Salter's Picture of the Waterloo Dinner, 493—“A Berth, from barth, a west-country word signifyGreen Bag Maker"-"To pay in monkey's coin". No ing a shelter ; perhaps from Cornish loan-word pars. Quarter” -Spider Folk-lore, 494-House of Previte—“Luck Money,” 495–Gilt-edged Writing-paper-"Running the Bice, Ital. bigio, bombycius, coloured like dark gantlope”-Fool's Paradise, 498—"Sample"-BookIllus- silk. trated by their Authors—"Judgement”- French Prisoners of War-Robert Huish-Topographical Collections, 497–

Bigot, assumed by K. (1175) to come from Heraldic Anomalies—The Chinese in London-Mitton, 498 biga (L.L.), root form of Prov. biga, O.Fr. bigue,

-Flags-Thomas Brett, 499.
NOTES ON BOOKS : – Powell's “The Rising in East Anglia a beam ; Ital. bigotta, sail-blocks ; sbigottire would

in 1381 – Burton's "Life of John Leland'Channings then mean to throw a ship into confusion by losing
• United States of America'-Hems's 'Rood and Other the bawsers made fast to blocks.
Screens in Devonshire Churches'— Proceedings of the
New England Historic Genealogical Society.'

Blond, connected with Germ. blind; vide Kluge,

1

8.V.

Blazon (K., 1243), from 0.H.G. blass, so that Hotes.

the meaning would be a white spot on a dark

shield. ENGLISH WORDS FROM ROMANCE SOURCES.

Bribe, O.H.G. bilibi, bread, not Celtic. The following words, which have mainly come Broider, from broder, which is from bord, Gerinto the English language from Romance sources, man, side of a ship; French border, to bem ; have been discussed by recent etymologists such as broder, to knit. Körting and Hatzfelt, and the derivations assigned Breeze, from brise, the cold north wind called seem worth noting.

in Italian brezza (K., 1348). Accoutre, Lat. culcita, cushion, mattress ; *cul- Brush, Celtic ; cf. Ir. brosna, bundle of sticks. cita; Ital. colcitre; 0.Fr. colstre, coutre; hence Cameo surely cannot be separated from the accoutrer, to cover or dress. The word couture, Slavonic kamen", a stone ; cf. cam-inus. from coudre, probably influenced the meaning. Canton, connected with Celtic *cambitos (from

Ace, from root ak, to see sharply ; cf. Vaniçek, root camb.), a bend; so the meaning will be 1, § 10; properly the eye on the die Körting, corner, country-side. 793). Hence as, assis, a unit.

Carcase, from carrus, capsa, a chest to contain Achieve, *a(c).căpo, to come to the head or end the flesh; carquois probably comes from carche(K., 68; Diez, 545, "Chef").

sium. Ágnail, Fr. angonaille, of which the origin seems Carol, from choraulo, not from Celtic (Körting, to have been Lat. angonal (inguen); cf. Ital. anguin- 1851). aglia for inguinaglia.

Carrousel, from Latin carrus, not from gara. Andiron, O.F. andier, ambitarius, environing. Chasuble, probably connected with casaque, and

Antler, Fr. andouiller; 0.Fr. antoillier; *ante- of Slavonic origin. oculare, Lat. subst. (K., 603).

Cajole, caveolare ; cf. enjôier, to entice into a Bag, bagatelle, and baggage seem all referable to cage (K., 1760). the same root, bag, which, aocording to Körting, is Charade, *caractuin (xapartýs), magic formula probably connected with pac in pac-isc-i, pa-n-g.o, engraved on stone (K., 1647). and was productive in the latter shape. 0.Fr. Camisia (K., 1539), probably originally German, bagua, bague, =bundle. Possibly bague, ring, not Celtic, though it passed into French and into that which encloses; bagatelle, small packet, trifle; its English form chemise from the Celtic. Fr. bagasse and Ital. bagascia, are from the same Chiffonier, chiffon, explained by K. as coming root; cf. use of pack in German and paquet in from an interjectional root chip, expressive of French.

66

Coach, cocca, concha, coque, from its fancied This poem by William Jeffrey Prowse deserves resemblance to a hollow shell.

to be remombered ; no less than the one beginning Coney, cuniculus, from a Basque word meaning |“Snow, snow, beautiful snow!" written by some rabbit, probably influenced by cuneus.

unnamed American girl, very dear to fancy." Curmudgeon, orig. corn-mudgin; see Skeat, Need we recall to mind the splendid description 8.V.; the last part of the word of Celtic origin ; of how “Marseilles lay burning in the sun one mac, to hide ; French musser, O.Fr. mucher. day," in the opening chapter of 'Little Dorrit'? BERBERT A. STRONG.

Surely yes;

ince he wretched “new humour" critiolings koow nothing of Dickens, who is far

above their ken. Here is the disentombed song, *TAE DROUGHT AND THE RAIN.'

which

way be called Leaving to others the task of settling the dates

TAE RAIN OF TERROR. of former calamities caused by a spowless winter

Telling what followed the Great Drought and a dry spring, such as the present season, which is increasing the agricultural depression," I desire

(An Old Song, newly recovered.) bere (with the Editor's favour) to give to N. &Q.' Farmer Marks and old Pedro were jogging along

(They had both been at market together), an old song, newly recovered from tradition, and perfectly genuine, never seen by me in any printed They grumbled at this thing, and tbat thing, as wrong;

And they grumbled about the dry weather. volume, broadside, or single sheet" slip-song." They talked of the drought, of the times old and new, It is worth rescuing from Time's wallet,“ wherein They talked of the Sainte, and their sing not a few, he puts alms for oblivion." It is of small merit as And they prayed to those Saints for a shower or two, literature. Let me, therefore, give, as a prelude,

As grumbling they jogged on together, the beautiful lines written by dear little " Jeft. Chorus: Tol lol de rol lol, de riddle lol de ray,

And they prayed to those saints for a shower Prowse," who died in his thirty-fourth year, at

that day. Nice, on 16 January, 1870. “'Whom the gods Now the Saints beard their prayer, for the sky 'gan to love die young !" All that he left bebind him cloud, makes as regrot his having passed away so soon; Which put both the farmers in terror; but, as he wrote, “It is the pace that kills." He For the rain patter'd down, and the thunder roar d loud, wrote the poem at Cimier, near Nice. I believe But now, by good luck, to a church they came nigh,

So they wished themselves safe home together, it was in 1868.

And into the church.porch for shelter they ily;
THE DROUGHT AND THE RAIN.

Where they talked of the folk that around them did lie, 1. Drought.

Regardless of wind or wet weather.

Tol lol, &c.
The lips of Earth the Mother were black;

They talked of the folk, &c.
They gaped through fissure and crevice and crack;
O for the fall of the rain !

Old Mark says, " This rain it will glorious be found. And the life of the flowers paused; and the wheat

Oh, my heart is as light as a feather ! That was rushing up, seemed to droop in the heat,

It will shortly bring everything out of the ground;

Yer, all tbings will rise up together!” And its gra88-green blades they yearned for the sweet,

“Lord forbid !" (said old Pedro) “for 'twould be my The sweet, sweet kiss of the rain !

sad lot: The secular cypress solemn and still,

Three wives in this church.yard snugly buried I've got The sentipel pine on the edge of the bill,

If it rains cats and dogs, I won't stay on this spot,
Watched, but they watched in vain;

For fear they should rise up together."
And the glare on the land, the glare on the sea,

Tol lol, &c.
The glare on terrace, and tower, and tree,

If it rains cats and dogs, &c. (repeat).
Grow fiercer and fiercer, mercilessly :
O for the fall of the rain !

I can remember it as an old crusted joke," or The streams were silent, the wells were dry,

chestnut," from an early date, before the first The pitiles8 clouds passed slowly by,

80-called Reform Bill of 1832; but never met With never a drop of rain.

the song in print. J. WOODFALL EBSWORTE, The priests in the town exbumed a saint,

The Priory, Agbford, Kent.
They passed in procession with prayers and paint,
But the heavens were cruel, or faith was faint :
Came never a drop of rain.

HARMONY IN VERSE.
O for the fall of the rain !

(See 8.6 8. ix. 225.)
11. The Rain.

May I sapplement MR. YARDLEY's note by One night the lift grew ragged and wild.

pointing out—what I dare say has been noticed by With a sound like the lisp and the laugh of a child Fell the first sweet drops of the rain !

many of Tennyson's readers—how many of the Moist lips of the mist the mountain kissed,

poet's most musical lines owe their music largely And cooled the hot breath of the plain ;

to a skilful use of the liquid 1 ? I quote twelvo The emerald wheat leapt gaily to meet

examples, and no doubt a loving search would disThe welcome kiss of the rain; And the roses around, as they woke at the sound,

cover many more.

I take first what I thinkBroke into blossom again :

speaking for myself—is Tennyson's most musical O beautiful, bountiful rain !

single line in the 'Bagle-Song ') :

The horns of Elfand faintly blowing.

MR. YARDLEY, MR. THOMAS BAYNE, O. O. B., If poetry could be too musical, this line would and other true lovers of poetry, could add, I doubt certainly be open to that objection! It is small not, to the foregoing examples of Tennysonian l's. wonder that Tennyson, according to Mr. Knowles,

JONATHAN BOUCHIER. did not much care to have his songs set to music,

I have been a close stadent of this subject for feeling, justly, that they carried their own music with them. The 'Bugle-Song,' however, has been many years, and agree with much that your contriworthily set to music, I think, by Blockley. This butor writes, without stating it in the same way. wonderfully beautiful line, to use MR. YARDLEY'S

To begin with, I should prefer “melody" to "harlanguage, “is attractive for more than sound."

mony," because the former conveys a more correct The imaginative beauty of the idea unquestionably in their component parts and their collective agree

idea of the meaning. Harmony deals with chords adds to the music of the words. I have seen it stated that Teonyson himself con

ment. Melody means an agreeable succession

of sounds" (Nuttall); and from the examples -sidered his best single line to be

furnished it is evident that what is dealt with is, The mellow ouzel Auted in the elm. • Gardener's Daughter';

precisely, the succession of sounds. There have Qearly all l's.

beon phases of this subject which have been noticed The league-long roller thundering on the reef.

frequently by eminent authors in the past. Pope's 'Enoch Arden.'

reference to the matter is so well known as to have A splendid line, worthy of Virgil or Milton. In becomo hackneyed; but before his day Chaucer

this instance, however, r contributes as much as i bad said: “The wordes moste ben cosin to the dede." to the power and beauty of the line.

Then Coleridge declared—referring, however, rather

to Then the three lines, of which MR. YARDLEY

prose than poetry-" Wherever you find a senquotes two, in 'The Princess':

tence musically worded, of true rhythm and melody Myriads of rivulets hurrying thro' the lawn,

in the words, there is something deep and good in The moan of doves in immemorial elms,

the meaning too." Mark Pattison put it: “Words And murmuring of innumerable bees.

over and above their dictionary signification con. Charles Kingsley praises these three lines highly, note all the feeling which has gathered round them As he well may.

by reason of their employment through a hundred The island-valley of Avilion,

generations of song. And Thomas Ingoldsby Where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow.

comes to the point when, contrasting “ mellifluous The Passing of Arthur.' monotones" with their opposites in sound, he speaks Some full-breasted swan

of " changing our soft liquids to izzards and xes. That, fiuting a wild carol ere her death,

But in all this varied testimony we must seek out Rutiles her puro cold plume, and takes the flood the root of the matter, and beware of a very easy With swarthy webs. •The Passing of Arthur.'

pitfall. We are speaking of sounds, not signs, of The flickering fairy-circle wheeled and broke

vocables, not letters ; and the old maxim of the Flying, and linked again, and wheeled and broke Flying, for all the land was full of life.

philologist holds good that the consonants count

Guinevere.' for very little and the vowels for nothing at all. The wayside blossoms open to the blaze.

It would be very easy to demonstrate that point, The whole wood-world is one full peal of praise.

but it would take up too much space. Having got

Balio and Balan.' thus far, I should be inclined to assert that vowel
The building rook 'll caw from the windy tall elm-tree, sounds play at least as great a part in the music of
And the tufted plover pipe along the fallow loa,
And the swallow 'ill come back again with summer o'er poetry as consonant sounds; and, dealing with the

line
But I shall lie alone, mother, within the mouldering

Silent upon a peak in Darien, grave.

• The May Queen.' I should attribute its success as regards melody to O Swallow, Swallow, if I could follow, and light

the fact that an e sound occurs three times in the Upon her lattice, I would pipe and trill,

course of the line in the place of the empbasized And cheep and twitter twenty million loves. syllable.

• The Princess.

Out of many scores of examples of melodious Only the wan wave

prosody that I have noted, let me give two. The Swaying the helpless bands, and up and down

first dealing with vowel sounds :Tumbling the hollow helmets of the fallen,

The rose-red of the long departed saa.

Sir Lewis Morris.
And rolling far along tho gloomy shores
The voice of days of old and days to be.

Here we have an open vowel sound in each em“The Passing of Arthur.' phasized syllable, and the same weak vowel sound, Last, bat certainly not least :

&, in every unemphasized syllable. The mellow lin-lan-lone of evening bells.

The second example, dealing with consonant • Far-far-away.' sounds, is from Fanny Forrester :

the wave,

.

: