Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative StudyCambridge University Press, 5 maj 2003 This book offers the first detailed comparative study of the seven best-documented early civilizations: ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Shang China, the Aztecs and adjacent peoples in the Valley of Mexico, the Classic Maya, the Inka, and the Yoruba. Unlike previous studies, equal attention is paid to similarities and differences in their sociopolitical organization, economic systems, religion, and culture. Many of this study's findings are surprising and provocative. Agricultural systems, technologies, and economic behaviour turn out to have been far more diverse than was expected. These findings and many others challenge not only current understandings of early civilizations but also the theoretical foundations of modern archaeology and anthropology. The key to understanding early civilizations lies not in their historical connections but in what they can tell us about similarities and differences in human behaviour. |
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Resultat 1-5 av 87
Sida vii
... Inka kingdom 135 7.4 Urban centres in China 138 9. 1 Houses in early civilizations 170 12.1 Inka battle scene 246 12.2 Mesopotamian battle scenes 258 14.1 Mesopotamian irrigation system 291 14.2 Egyptian agricultural basin system 296 ...
... Inka kingdom 135 7.4 Urban centres in China 138 9. 1 Houses in early civilizations 170 12.1 Inka battle scene 246 12.2 Mesopotamian battle scenes 258 14.1 Mesopotamian irrigation system 291 14.2 Egyptian agricultural basin system 296 ...
Sida 28
... Inka kingdom during the early sixteenth century A.D., and the Yoruba and Benin peoples of West Africa from the mid-eighteenth century to the beginning of the colonial era in the late nineteenth century (Figs. 2.1, 2.2). The Yoruba ...
... Inka kingdom during the early sixteenth century A.D., and the Yoruba and Benin peoples of West Africa from the mid-eighteenth century to the beginning of the colonial era in the late nineteenth century (Figs. 2.1, 2.2). The Yoruba ...
Sida 29
... Inka civilization developed in a region of the Andean highlands where political institutions had not previously advanced beyond the chiefdom level. The material culture that was distinctive of the Inka state also developed from local ...
... Inka civilization developed in a region of the Andean highlands where political institutions had not previously advanced beyond the chiefdom level. The material culture that was distinctive of the Inka state also developed from local ...
Sida 56
... Inka records consisted of knotted cords which, despite some claims to the contrary (Urton 1998), appear to have been used only for keeping accounts. For descriptions of early civilizations that did not record the spoken word, we are ...
... Inka records consisted of knotted cords which, despite some claims to the contrary (Urton 1998), appear to have been used only for keeping accounts. For descriptions of early civilizations that did not record the spoken word, we are ...
Sida 58
... Inka, and Egyptian civilizations, in approximately that order. Written information about the Inka appears to be inferior both in quantity and in quality to that on the Aztec, perhaps because the centre of European intellectual life in ...
... Inka, and Egyptian civilizations, in approximately that order. Written information about the Inka appears to be inferior both in quantity and in quality to that on the Aztec, perhaps because the centre of European intellectual life in ...
Innehåll
3 | |
15 | |
40 | |
53 | |
66 | |
Kingship | 71 |
City and Territorial | 92 |
Urbanism | 120 |
Appropriation of Wealth | 375 |
Economic Constants and Variables | 395 |
Cognitive and Symbolic Aspects | 407 |
Conceptions of the Supernatural | 409 |
Cosmology and Cosmogony | 444 |
Cult | 472 |
Priests Festivals and the Politics of the Supernatural | 495 |
The Individual and the Universe | 522 |
Class Systems and Social Mobility | 142 |
Family Organization and Gender Roles | 167 |
Administration | 195 |
Law | 221 |
Military Organization | 240 |
Sociopolitical Constants and Variables | 264 |
Economy | 277 |
Food Production | 279 |
Land Ownership | 315 |
Trade and Craft Specialization | 338 |
Elite Art and Architecture | 541 |
Literacy and Specialized Knowledge | 584 |
Values and Personal Aspirations | 626 |
Cultural Constants and Variables | 638 |
Discussion | 651 |
Culture and Reason | 653 |
Conclusion | 684 |
References | 689 |
Index | 733 |
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Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Begränsad förhandsgranskning - 2003 |
Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Ingen förhandsgranskning - 2007 |
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agricultural ancestors ancient Egypt animals appear associated ayllu Aztec Bascom believed Benin calpolli central China Chinese city-state systems city-states Classic Maya commoners complex corvee corvee labour cosmic order craft workers crops cross-cultural cult cultural Cuzco dead deities divine early civilizations Early Dynastic earth ecological economic Egypt Egyptian elaborate elite extended families farmers full-time gods groups hereditary highland human behaviour important individuals Inka kilometres king kingship land large numbers leaders lineages living logograms major male Mesoamerica Mesopotamia Middle Kingdom military natural nobility nobles officials Old Kingdom Olorun Ometeotl organization palace period pochteca political population density Postgate priests produced realm region relations religious rituals role royal sacrifices Shang slaves social societies soldiers specific square kilometres status stone supernatural power symbolic taxes temples Tenochtitlan territorial Texcoco tions trade underworld upper classes urban centres Valley of Mexico wealth women Yoruba Zhou