Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative StudyCambridge University Press, 5 maj 2003 This book offers the first detailed comparative study of the seven best-documented early civilizations: ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Shang China, the Aztecs and adjacent peoples in the Valley of Mexico, the Classic Maya, the Inka, and the Yoruba. Unlike previous studies, equal attention is paid to similarities and differences in their sociopolitical organization, economic systems, religion, and culture. Many of this study's findings are surprising and provocative. Agricultural systems, technologies, and economic behaviour turn out to have been far more diverse than was expected. These findings and many others challenge not only current understandings of early civilizations but also the theoretical foundations of modern archaeology and anthropology. The key to understanding early civilizations lies not in their historical connections but in what they can tell us about similarities and differences in human behaviour. |
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Resultat 1-5 av 91
Sida vii
... Valley of Mexico 305 16.1 Female weavers in early civilizations 361 19.1 Deities as depicted in early civilizations 427 24.1 Classic Maya and Valley of Mexico painting styles 546 24.2 Early Shang ritual vessels cast in bronze from ...
... Valley of Mexico 305 16.1 Female weavers in early civilizations 361 19.1 Deities as depicted in early civilizations 427 24.1 Classic Maya and Valley of Mexico painting styles 546 24.2 Early Shang ritual vessels cast in bronze from ...
Sida 28
... Valley of Mexico in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries A.D., the Classic Maya (A.D. 250-8oo), the Inka kingdom during the early sixteenth century A.D., and the Yoruba and Benin peoples of West Africa from the mid ...
... Valley of Mexico in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries A.D., the Classic Maya (A.D. 250-8oo), the Inka kingdom during the early sixteenth century A.D., and the Yoruba and Benin peoples of West Africa from the mid ...
Sida 29
... Valley of Mexico has been described as a third wave of urban development in that region, which drew upon the cumulative experiences of over fifteen hundred years of complex societies in Central Mexico (Charlton and Nichols 1997b). The ...
... Valley of Mexico has been described as a third wave of urban development in that region, which drew upon the cumulative experiences of over fifteen hundred years of complex societies in Central Mexico (Charlton and Nichols 1997b). The ...
Sida 33
... Valley of Mexico). This requirement of substantial written sources meant that I could never study the earliest stage in the development of civilization in any particular area. Societies that evolved their own writing systems did not ...
... Valley of Mexico). This requirement of substantial written sources meant that I could never study the earliest stage in the development of civilization in any particular area. Societies that evolved their own writing systems did not ...
Sida 34
... (Valley of Mexico, Inka, Yoruba) can be studied only for the brief period between earliest European contact and the establishment of direct colonial control. In the case of civilizations that produced their own literary documentation ...
... (Valley of Mexico, Inka, Yoruba) can be studied only for the brief period between earliest European contact and the establishment of direct colonial control. In the case of civilizations that produced their own literary documentation ...
Innehåll
3 | |
15 | |
40 | |
53 | |
66 | |
Kingship | 71 |
City and Territorial | 92 |
Urbanism | 120 |
Appropriation of Wealth | 375 |
Economic Constants and Variables | 395 |
Cognitive and Symbolic Aspects | 407 |
Conceptions of the Supernatural | 409 |
Cosmology and Cosmogony | 444 |
Cult | 472 |
Priests Festivals and the Politics of the Supernatural | 495 |
The Individual and the Universe | 522 |
Class Systems and Social Mobility | 142 |
Family Organization and Gender Roles | 167 |
Administration | 195 |
Law | 221 |
Military Organization | 240 |
Sociopolitical Constants and Variables | 264 |
Economy | 277 |
Food Production | 279 |
Land Ownership | 315 |
Trade and Craft Specialization | 338 |
Elite Art and Architecture | 541 |
Literacy and Specialized Knowledge | 584 |
Values and Personal Aspirations | 626 |
Cultural Constants and Variables | 638 |
Discussion | 651 |
Culture and Reason | 653 |
Conclusion | 684 |
References | 689 |
Index | 733 |
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Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Begränsad förhandsgranskning - 2003 |
Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Ingen förhandsgranskning - 2007 |
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agricultural ancestors ancient Egypt animals appear associated ayllu Aztec Bascom believed Benin calpolli central China Chinese city-state systems city-states Classic Maya commoners complex corvee corvee labour cosmic order craft workers crops cross-cultural cult cultural Cuzco dead deities divine early civilizations Early Dynastic earth ecological economic Egypt Egyptian elaborate elite extended families farmers full-time gods groups hereditary highland human behaviour important individuals Inka kilometres king kingship land large numbers leaders lineages living logograms major male Mesoamerica Mesopotamia Middle Kingdom military natural nobility nobles officials Old Kingdom Olorun Ometeotl organization palace period pochteca political population density Postgate priests produced realm region relations religious rituals role royal sacrifices Shang slaves social societies soldiers specific square kilometres status stone supernatural power symbolic taxes temples Tenochtitlan territorial Texcoco tions trade underworld upper classes urban centres Valley of Mexico wealth women Yoruba Zhou