Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative StudyCambridge University Press, 5 maj 2003 This book offers the first detailed comparative study of the seven best-documented early civilizations: ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Shang China, the Aztecs and adjacent peoples in the Valley of Mexico, the Classic Maya, the Inka, and the Yoruba. Unlike previous studies, equal attention is paid to similarities and differences in their sociopolitical organization, economic systems, religion, and culture. Many of this study's findings are surprising and provocative. Agricultural systems, technologies, and economic behaviour turn out to have been far more diverse than was expected. These findings and many others challenge not only current understandings of early civilizations but also the theoretical foundations of modern archaeology and anthropology. The key to understanding early civilizations lies not in their historical connections but in what they can tell us about similarities and differences in human behaviour. |
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Resultat 1-5 av 59
Sida ix
... ecological and neoevolutionary analysis. I compared the ecological, demographic, economic, social, political, and cultural characteristics of five urban centres: Tenochtitlan, Akhetaton, Rome, and an ancient Mesopotamian and a medieval ...
... ecological and neoevolutionary analysis. I compared the ecological, demographic, economic, social, political, and cultural characteristics of five urban centres: Tenochtitlan, Akhetaton, Rome, and an ancient Mesopotamian and a medieval ...
Sida 5
... ecological or economic factors determine or at least severely constrain the development of sociopolitical organization and belief systems. Factors such as least effort, relative scarcity, and individual or collective security are ...
... ecological or economic factors determine or at least severely constrain the development of sociopolitical organization and belief systems. Factors such as least effort, relative scarcity, and individual or collective security are ...
Sida 6
... interests are complex and cannot be reduced to rational calculations relating only to personal benefits or the ecological adaptation of groups. Individuals rank the objectives they wish to pursue differently, and 6 Introduction.
... interests are complex and cannot be reduced to rational calculations relating only to personal benefits or the ecological adaptation of groups. Individuals rank the objectives they wish to pursue differently, and 6 Introduction.
Sida 7
... ecological and other external constraints in complex ways. In an attempt to deal with this diversity, those who believe that sociocultural phenomena are shaped most powerfully and directly by ecological or economic factors frequently ...
... ecological and other external constraints in complex ways. In an attempt to deal with this diversity, those who believe that sociocultural phenomena are shaped most powerfully and directly by ecological or economic factors frequently ...
Sida 10
... ecological adaptation (Rappaport 1968). Extreme cultural relativists deny that any effective form of cross-cultural comparison is possible - a position that essentially eliminates the basis for anthropology as a comparative study of ...
... ecological adaptation (Rappaport 1968). Extreme cultural relativists deny that any effective form of cross-cultural comparison is possible - a position that essentially eliminates the basis for anthropology as a comparative study of ...
Innehåll
3 | |
15 | |
40 | |
53 | |
66 | |
Kingship | 71 |
City and Territorial | 92 |
Urbanism | 120 |
Appropriation of Wealth | 375 |
Economic Constants and Variables | 395 |
Cognitive and Symbolic Aspects | 407 |
Conceptions of the Supernatural | 409 |
Cosmology and Cosmogony | 444 |
Cult | 472 |
Priests Festivals and the Politics of the Supernatural | 495 |
The Individual and the Universe | 522 |
Class Systems and Social Mobility | 142 |
Family Organization and Gender Roles | 167 |
Administration | 195 |
Law | 221 |
Military Organization | 240 |
Sociopolitical Constants and Variables | 264 |
Economy | 277 |
Food Production | 279 |
Land Ownership | 315 |
Trade and Craft Specialization | 338 |
Elite Art and Architecture | 541 |
Literacy and Specialized Knowledge | 584 |
Values and Personal Aspirations | 626 |
Cultural Constants and Variables | 638 |
Discussion | 651 |
Culture and Reason | 653 |
Conclusion | 684 |
References | 689 |
Index | 733 |
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Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Begränsad förhandsgranskning - 2003 |
Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Ingen förhandsgranskning - 2007 |
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agricultural ancestors ancient Egypt animals appear associated ayllu Aztec Bascom believed Benin calpolli central China Chinese city-state systems city-states Classic Maya commoners complex corvee corvee labour cosmic order craft workers crops cross-cultural cult cultural Cuzco dead deities divine early civilizations Early Dynastic earth ecological economic Egypt Egyptian elaborate elite extended families farmers full-time gods groups hereditary highland human behaviour important individuals Inka kilometres king kingship land large numbers leaders lineages living logograms major male Mesoamerica Mesopotamia Middle Kingdom military natural nobility nobles officials Old Kingdom Olorun Ometeotl organization palace period pochteca political population density Postgate priests produced realm region relations religious rituals role royal sacrifices Shang slaves social societies soldiers specific square kilometres status stone supernatural power symbolic taxes temples Tenochtitlan territorial Texcoco tions trade underworld upper classes urban centres Valley of Mexico wealth women Yoruba Zhou