Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative StudyCambridge University Press, 5 maj 2003 This book offers the first detailed comparative study of the seven best-documented early civilizations: ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Shang China, the Aztecs and adjacent peoples in the Valley of Mexico, the Classic Maya, the Inka, and the Yoruba. Unlike previous studies, equal attention is paid to similarities and differences in their sociopolitical organization, economic systems, religion, and culture. Many of this study's findings are surprising and provocative. Agricultural systems, technologies, and economic behaviour turn out to have been far more diverse than was expected. These findings and many others challenge not only current understandings of early civilizations but also the theoretical foundations of modern archaeology and anthropology. The key to understanding early civilizations lies not in their historical connections but in what they can tell us about similarities and differences in human behaviour. |
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Resultat 1-5 av 92
Sida v
... Military Organization 240 13 Sociopolitical Constants and Variables 264 Economy 14 Food Production 279 15 Land Ownership 315 16 Trade and Craft Specialization 338 17 Appropriation of Wealth 375 18 Economic Constants and Variables.
... Military Organization 240 13 Sociopolitical Constants and Variables 264 Economy 14 Food Production 279 15 Land Ownership 315 16 Trade and Craft Specialization 338 17 Appropriation of Wealth 375 18 Economic Constants and Variables.
Sida 24
... military leaders. Early civilizations became locked into cycles of increasing violence, which eventually undermined their economies and led to population declines. This made possible a new cycle of economic development, followed in turn ...
... military leaders. Early civilizations became locked into cycles of increasing violence, which eventually undermined their economies and led to population declines. This made possible a new cycle of economic development, followed in turn ...
Sida 47
... The ruling class was able to exert various forms of coercion, but demands for the production of surpluses, corvee labour, and mandatory military service were kept at a relatively low level, and officials Defining 'Early Civilization' 47.
... The ruling class was able to exert various forms of coercion, but demands for the production of surpluses, corvee labour, and mandatory military service were kept at a relatively low level, and officials Defining 'Early Civilization' 47.
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... military forces were more numerous, specialized, and institutionally distinguished from the state and from society in general. In early civilizations full-time soldiers tended to be few and to be led by kings, government officials, and ...
... military forces were more numerous, specialized, and institutionally distinguished from the state and from society in general. In early civilizations full-time soldiers tended to be few and to be led by kings, government officials, and ...
Sida 51
... military technology but also of superior organization, discipline, and self-discipline and more aggressive ... military elite. While the regional government structures created by this elite rose and fell as a consequence of military ...
... military technology but also of superior organization, discipline, and self-discipline and more aggressive ... military elite. While the regional government structures created by this elite rose and fell as a consequence of military ...
Innehåll
3 | |
15 | |
40 | |
53 | |
66 | |
Kingship | 71 |
City and Territorial | 92 |
Urbanism | 120 |
Appropriation of Wealth | 375 |
Economic Constants and Variables | 395 |
Cognitive and Symbolic Aspects | 407 |
Conceptions of the Supernatural | 409 |
Cosmology and Cosmogony | 444 |
Cult | 472 |
Priests Festivals and the Politics of the Supernatural | 495 |
The Individual and the Universe | 522 |
Class Systems and Social Mobility | 142 |
Family Organization and Gender Roles | 167 |
Administration | 195 |
Law | 221 |
Military Organization | 240 |
Sociopolitical Constants and Variables | 264 |
Economy | 277 |
Food Production | 279 |
Land Ownership | 315 |
Trade and Craft Specialization | 338 |
Elite Art and Architecture | 541 |
Literacy and Specialized Knowledge | 584 |
Values and Personal Aspirations | 626 |
Cultural Constants and Variables | 638 |
Discussion | 651 |
Culture and Reason | 653 |
Conclusion | 684 |
References | 689 |
Index | 733 |
Andra upplagor - Visa alla
Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Begränsad förhandsgranskning - 2003 |
Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Ingen förhandsgranskning - 2007 |
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agricultural ancestors ancient Egypt animals appear associated ayllu Aztec Bascom believed Benin calpolli central China Chinese city-state systems city-states Classic Maya commoners complex corvee corvee labour cosmic order craft workers crops cross-cultural cult cultural Cuzco dead deities divine early civilizations Early Dynastic earth ecological economic Egypt Egyptian elaborate elite extended families farmers full-time gods groups hereditary highland human behaviour important individuals Inka kilometres king kingship land large numbers leaders lineages living logograms major male Mesoamerica Mesopotamia Middle Kingdom military natural nobility nobles officials Old Kingdom Olorun Ometeotl organization palace period pochteca political population density Postgate priests produced realm region relations religious rituals role royal sacrifices Shang slaves social societies soldiers specific square kilometres status stone supernatural power symbolic taxes temples Tenochtitlan territorial Texcoco tions trade underworld upper classes urban centres Valley of Mexico wealth women Yoruba Zhou