Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative StudyCambridge University Press, 5 maj 2003 This book offers the first detailed comparative study of the seven best-documented early civilizations: ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Shang China, the Aztecs and adjacent peoples in the Valley of Mexico, the Classic Maya, the Inka, and the Yoruba. Unlike previous studies, equal attention is paid to similarities and differences in their sociopolitical organization, economic systems, religion, and culture. Many of this study's findings are surprising and provocative. Agricultural systems, technologies, and economic behaviour turn out to have been far more diverse than was expected. These findings and many others challenge not only current understandings of early civilizations but also the theoretical foundations of modern archaeology and anthropology. The key to understanding early civilizations lies not in their historical connections but in what they can tell us about similarities and differences in human behaviour. |
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Sida 3
... produced by patterns of thought and behaviour common to all human groups or shaped by similar environmental or functional constraints and therefore constitute examples of parallel development or coevolution. Cross-cultural variation ...
... produced by patterns of thought and behaviour common to all human groups or shaped by similar environmental or functional constraints and therefore constitute examples of parallel development or coevolution. Cross-cultural variation ...
Sida 16
... produce a surplus capable of supporting such an institution. It would be very surprising if more intensive investigations produced evidence of even one example of that combination. The first effort to collect information that would ...
... produce a surplus capable of supporting such an institution. It would be very surprising if more intensive investigations produced evidence of even one example of that combination. The first effort to collect information that would ...
Sida 43
... produced by farmers, (3) primary producers paying surpluses to a deity or divine ruler, (4) monumental architecture ... produce a general characterization of early civilizations, Childe defined terms such as Defining 'Early Civilization' 43.
... produced by farmers, (3) primary producers paying surpluses to a deity or divine ruler, (4) monumental architecture ... produce a general characterization of early civilizations, Childe defined terms such as Defining 'Early Civilization' 43.
Sida 44
... produced distinctive material and institutional expressions. Such complex entities cannot usefully be defined by establishing a monothetic set of specific attributes that each of them must possess. A useful characterization of early ...
... produced distinctive material and institutional expressions. Such complex entities cannot usefully be defined by establishing a monothetic set of specific attributes that each of them must possess. A useful characterization of early ...
Sida 54
... produced either by the civilization being studied or by outsiders - tend to be patchy and incomplete, and what is available varies considerably from one early civilization to another. By far the most valuable archaeological data come ...
... produced either by the civilization being studied or by outsiders - tend to be patchy and incomplete, and what is available varies considerably from one early civilization to another. By far the most valuable archaeological data come ...
Innehåll
3 | |
15 | |
40 | |
53 | |
66 | |
Kingship | 71 |
City and Territorial | 92 |
Urbanism | 120 |
Appropriation of Wealth | 375 |
Economic Constants and Variables | 395 |
Cognitive and Symbolic Aspects | 407 |
Conceptions of the Supernatural | 409 |
Cosmology and Cosmogony | 444 |
Cult | 472 |
Priests Festivals and the Politics of the Supernatural | 495 |
The Individual and the Universe | 522 |
Class Systems and Social Mobility | 142 |
Family Organization and Gender Roles | 167 |
Administration | 195 |
Law | 221 |
Military Organization | 240 |
Sociopolitical Constants and Variables | 264 |
Economy | 277 |
Food Production | 279 |
Land Ownership | 315 |
Trade and Craft Specialization | 338 |
Elite Art and Architecture | 541 |
Literacy and Specialized Knowledge | 584 |
Values and Personal Aspirations | 626 |
Cultural Constants and Variables | 638 |
Discussion | 651 |
Culture and Reason | 653 |
Conclusion | 684 |
References | 689 |
Index | 733 |
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Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Begränsad förhandsgranskning - 2003 |
Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Ingen förhandsgranskning - 2007 |
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agricultural ancestors ancient Egypt animals appear associated ayllu Aztec Bascom believed Benin calpolli central China Chinese city-state systems city-states Classic Maya commoners complex corvee corvee labour cosmic order craft workers crops cross-cultural cult cultural Cuzco dead deities divine early civilizations Early Dynastic earth ecological economic Egypt Egyptian elaborate elite extended families farmers full-time gods groups hereditary highland human behaviour important individuals Inka kilometres king kingship land large numbers leaders lineages living logograms major male Mesoamerica Mesopotamia Middle Kingdom military natural nobility nobles officials Old Kingdom Olorun Ometeotl organization palace period pochteca political population density Postgate priests produced realm region relations religious rituals role royal sacrifices Shang slaves social societies soldiers specific square kilometres status stone supernatural power symbolic taxes temples Tenochtitlan territorial Texcoco tions trade underworld upper classes urban centres Valley of Mexico wealth women Yoruba Zhou