Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative StudyCambridge University Press, 5 maj 2003 This book offers the first detailed comparative study of the seven best-documented early civilizations: ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Shang China, the Aztecs and adjacent peoples in the Valley of Mexico, the Classic Maya, the Inka, and the Yoruba. Unlike previous studies, equal attention is paid to similarities and differences in their sociopolitical organization, economic systems, religion, and culture. Many of this study's findings are surprising and provocative. Agricultural systems, technologies, and economic behaviour turn out to have been far more diverse than was expected. These findings and many others challenge not only current understandings of early civilizations but also the theoretical foundations of modern archaeology and anthropology. The key to understanding early civilizations lies not in their historical connections but in what they can tell us about similarities and differences in human behaviour. |
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Sida 16
... assistants and published (partly posthumously) in fifteen volumes between 1873 and 1932. These volumes, organized by region, consisted of tables of statements summarizing the institutions and, if known, the histories 16 Introduction.
... assistants and published (partly posthumously) in fifteen volumes between 1873 and 1932. These volumes, organized by region, consisted of tables of statements summarizing the institutions and, if known, the histories 16 Introduction.
Sida 28
... region (Frobenius 1913, 1: 153). The same is true of the Late Aztec period in the Valley of Mexico in the broader context of highland Mesoamerica, of the Inka kingdom in the context of Peru, of the Shang state in relation to all of ...
... region (Frobenius 1913, 1: 153). The same is true of the Late Aztec period in the Valley of Mexico in the broader context of highland Mesoamerica, of the Inka kingdom in the context of Peru, of the Shang state in relation to all of ...
Sida 29
... region of the world. That would be necessary only if Marcus ( 1998) were correct that first-generation early civilizations differed in some striking fashion from all later ones. Late Aztec-period civilization in the Valley of Mexico has ...
... region of the world. That would be necessary only if Marcus ( 1998) were correct that first-generation early civilizations differed in some striking fashion from all later ones. Late Aztec-period civilization in the Valley of Mexico has ...
Sida 33
... region for which we have not only good archaeological evidence but also substantial written records produced either ... regions. The vast majority of the surviving Maya texts relate to the Late Classic period, which, because of the Maya ...
... region for which we have not only good archaeological evidence but also substantial written records produced either ... regions. The vast majority of the surviving Maya texts relate to the Late Classic period, which, because of the Maya ...
Sida 35
... region in the fourth millennium B.C., substantial written documentation first becomes available in the Early Dynastic III period. The lasting incorporation of southern Mesopotamian cities into larger regional states, which became normal ...
... region in the fourth millennium B.C., substantial written documentation first becomes available in the Early Dynastic III period. The lasting incorporation of southern Mesopotamian cities into larger regional states, which became normal ...
Innehåll
3 | |
15 | |
40 | |
53 | |
66 | |
Kingship | 71 |
City and Territorial | 92 |
Urbanism | 120 |
Appropriation of Wealth | 375 |
Economic Constants and Variables | 395 |
Cognitive and Symbolic Aspects | 407 |
Conceptions of the Supernatural | 409 |
Cosmology and Cosmogony | 444 |
Cult | 472 |
Priests Festivals and the Politics of the Supernatural | 495 |
The Individual and the Universe | 522 |
Class Systems and Social Mobility | 142 |
Family Organization and Gender Roles | 167 |
Administration | 195 |
Law | 221 |
Military Organization | 240 |
Sociopolitical Constants and Variables | 264 |
Economy | 277 |
Food Production | 279 |
Land Ownership | 315 |
Trade and Craft Specialization | 338 |
Elite Art and Architecture | 541 |
Literacy and Specialized Knowledge | 584 |
Values and Personal Aspirations | 626 |
Cultural Constants and Variables | 638 |
Discussion | 651 |
Culture and Reason | 653 |
Conclusion | 684 |
References | 689 |
Index | 733 |
Andra upplagor - Visa alla
Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Begränsad förhandsgranskning - 2003 |
Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study Bruce G. Trigger Ingen förhandsgranskning - 2007 |
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agricultural ancestors ancient Egypt animals appear associated ayllu Aztec Bascom believed Benin calpolli central China Chinese city-state systems city-states Classic Maya commoners complex corvee corvee labour cosmic order craft workers crops cross-cultural cult cultural Cuzco dead deities divine early civilizations Early Dynastic earth ecological economic Egypt Egyptian elaborate elite extended families farmers full-time gods groups hereditary highland human behaviour important individuals Inka kilometres king kingship land large numbers leaders lineages living logograms major male Mesoamerica Mesopotamia Middle Kingdom military natural nobility nobles officials Old Kingdom Olorun Ometeotl organization palace period pochteca political population density Postgate priests produced realm region relations religious rituals role royal sacrifices Shang slaves social societies soldiers specific square kilometres status stone supernatural power symbolic taxes temples Tenochtitlan territorial Texcoco tions trade underworld upper classes urban centres Valley of Mexico wealth women Yoruba Zhou