INDIANS.- ·Valley || 105; of whom 28 are preachers, nine male and Towns, (Cherokees,) commenced in 1818. The missionaries are Rev. Evan Jones, Mrs. Jones; Mr. L. Butterfield, School Teacher, Mra. Butterfield; Miss Sarah Rayner; Five native assistants. Miss Mary Rice, Miss Mary Ann Colburn; Mr. John Davis, Native Preacher, Cherokees;-1832. Church 20. Missionaries-Rev. Samuel Aldrich and Mrs. O'Briant. Choctaws;-1832. Missionaries---Rev. Charles E. Wilson, and one native preacher. Delawares;-1833. Visited by the missionaries from Shawnee. A school taught. Kickapoos;-1833. Mr. Daniel French is trying to establish a mission. Potawatomies;-1833. Mr. Robert Simerwell and wife. 35 female assistants, sent from this country; and seven are native preachers and 26 other native assistants. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SCOTTISH MIS- Brief Notice of the Missions of the Society. ASIATIC RUSSIA.-The report states that society have decided to abandon their stations, Karass and Astrachan, in Asiatic Russia. Mr. Galloway, however, preferred remaining and prosecuting his labors at Karass, though no longer supported by the society. The inhabitants of that vicinity have suffered in an unprecedented manner from a dearth, which has raised the cost of provisions to ten times their usual price. By a late letter, it appears probable that Mr. Galloway, will be employed for sometime by the British and Foreign Bible Society in travelling through the country, and circulating the copies of the Tartar Scriptures, which were translated by the Scottish missionaries, and printed at the expense of that Society. Should this measure be carried into effect, it may also be expected to afford him extensive opportunities of making known the gospel to the Tartar population of those districts of the Russian empire, through which he may travel. Mr. Glen, at Astrachan, was expected to complete the revision of the Persic translation of the prophetical and poetical books of the Old Testament, for the British and Foreign Bible Society, about mid-summer of last year, when he would relinquish the station and return to his native country. INDIA. In the Bombay Presidency, the society have three stations, Hurnee, Poonah, and Bombay; and four missionaries. The schools of Hurnee had been reduced to four. The pupils at the schools are from va Otoes and Omahaws;--1833. Numbers 6,000. rious denominations, Jews, Parsees, Moham medans, Roman Catholics, and Hindoos. At Bombay 202 of the pupils were females, and 68 were adults. It is in contemplation to establish a boarding-school at Poonah. The Summary.-The whole number of stations occupied is 21; of churches established 16, to which about 1,500 members have been receiv-books used are all of a Christian character. ed since the organization of the Board in 1814, Churches.-At Hurnee none have been adand about 200 during the past year. The whole number of missionaries and assistants named in the Magazine for January, including Messrs. Teague and Waring at Monrovia, is mitted during the year, though some profess to be inquirers. At Poonah there were three candidates for baptism, and the character of the church members was fair. Two have been baptised at Bombay, and two were candidates. Others profess to believe in the Christian religion. Press. During the past year, Mr. Wilson has availed himself to a considerable extent, of the facilities afforded by the press for the diffusion of knowledge. He published, in one of the native newspapers, a refutation of Mohammedanism, in reply to the "defence" of it by Haji Mohammed, which was mentioned in the last report. It appeared in Gujarathi and English; and translations of it are preparing in Hindoostanee and Persian. In compliance with the wish of a number of respectable Parsis, Mr. Wilson lately published a Lecture on the Vendidad Sade, which has already given rise to a good deal of spirited discussion in the native newspapers. During the past year a considerable part of Mr. Wilson's time has been occupied in the translation of the Scriptures into Mahratta. With a constant reference to the original Greek, and the most important critical works, and to the versions of the Rev. Messrs. Graves and Mitchell, he prepared a translation of the Gospel by Matthew, of which 8,000 copies have been printed at the American mission press, for the Bible Society. The lithographic press connected with the mission, has been very effective during the period to which Mr. Wilson's account refers. Nine small books and tracts have been published at this press, besides school tables, forms, etc., amounting in all to 494,000 pages. Rev. John Cooper has been compelled by ill health to leave this mission and return to Scotland.-Liberal donations have been made in Bombay for supporting the schools of the society, so that they have not been abandoned as the society anticipated, for want of funds.At Hurnee is an asylum for relieving the temporal wants of the old and diseased, in which were forty-five persons, many of whom were lepers. change is to take place in the frame of society in these islands, of which there is perhaps no parallel instance in the history of the world. On that day, near 700,000 human beings are to be emancipated; slavery is doomed to cease forever. Now the emancipation of the negroes lays Christians under new and powerful obligations to communicate to them religious instruction. The system of slavery, under which they have so long groaned, has sunk and degraded them, as intellectual and moral beings, and has unfitted them for participating at once of all the advantages and privileges which are usually connected with freedom. Christian instruction is essentially necessary to their reaping the full benefits of emancipation. Scotland has put forth a vigorous arm to break the chains of the slave. Will she now allow her hands to hang down, satisfied with the achievement of this one deed? Will she stop in the midst of her efforts, and leave the work half undone. Twenty millions are to be paid by the country on account of the emancipation of the slaves. Shall we not be at some further cost for their Christian instruction, that this large sum may not be paid comparatively in vain? By the measures which we have adopted for the abolition of slavery, we have virtually brought ourselves under new obliga tions to devise liberal and extended measures for the instruction of the slaves. Emancipation is not a partial measure-it extends to the whole of the slaves throughout the British dominions. Now, the one measure should correspond in extent with the other; the instruction of the slaves should be as general as their emancipation. Besides, the emancipation of the negroes may be expected greaily to increase the facilities for instructing them; and we should never forget, that new facilities of doing good always involve a corresponding obligation to improve them. Besides the negroes in the West Indies have peculiar claims on British Christians for instruction, there is, perhaps, no class of heathens who have so many and so powerful claims on our exertions as the negro slaves. They have not only claims in common with other unenlightened nations-they have the claims of fellow-subjects; they have not only the claims of fellow-subjects-they have pow erful claims arising out of the multiplied and unspeakable injuries which, for two centuries and a half, they have suffered at our hand as a nation. Others may lay claim to our be nevolence, but they have a claim on our justice. And shall we not make them compensa. tion for the deep and lasting injuries which we have inflicted upon them? We cannot, it it true, make any compensation to the past The report contains the following remarks generations of negro slaves-to the millions on the WEST INDIES.-On the island of Jamaica, the society has six missionaries and eight stations. The congregations and schools have generally been in a flourishing condition during the year, though considerable opposition, and even persecution has been, in some instances, encountered. Importance of extending the Society's Opera tions in the West Indies. A new era is now about to commence in the British West India Islands. For two centuries and a half, they have been a land of slavery; but on the first of August next all VOL. XXXI. who are now in their graves-they are beyond the reach of our exertions. But this very cir cumstance increases our obligations to make compensation to the present race of their children, and to their children's children, by communicating to them instruction, and espe cially, Christian instruction, in order to raise them from that state of degradation into which they have been sunk by the system of slavery➡ 10 to elevate them in the scale of intellectual and moral beings and to bring them into "the glorious liberty of the children of God." This is the best compensation we can now make them, and we are bound to make it with a liberal hand, and that without delay. expected to take place in their condition, in a state of freedom, it would not perhaps be wonderful, if in half a century they should increase to two millions. Now, should the supposition we have made, be realized, and should the West Indies be neglected at present, how greatly will the work to be effected have aug It is also worthy of notice that the negroes in the West Indies shew a particular disposi-mented in the course of fifty years, when in ment of the reign of George III. how powerful might have been its effects compared with what they can now be expected to be! Then it had to operate on a population of perhaps not more than 3,000,000; now it has to operate on a population of nearly 8,000,000. We have lost the favorable moment for evangeliz tion to receive the gospel. It is a fact not gen- stead of 700,000 souls, 2,000,000 will require erally adverted to, that in the West Indies to be cared for! We have a striking example there are perhaps more converts to Christian- of the evil of delay in the case of Ireland. ity than in all the rest of the heathen world put || Had the same moral machinery which is now together. By recent accounts there were near-in operation been set on foot at the commencely sixty thousand negroes and people of color connected with different missions as members of their churches or societies. Into the particular causes of the greater success of the gospel among the black population of the West Indies than among other heathen nations we shall not at present inquire; it is, however, a striking example of God's bringing good outing Ireland. Let us not also lose the favoraof evil-the cup of slavery having proved to such multitudes a cup of blessing. But whatever be the causes of this remarkable fact, the singular disposition which the negroes manifest to receive instruction, and to embrace the gospel, is a very powerful argument for more extended exertions among them. It is also an important consideration that missions among the negroes will probably be attended with only a temporary expense. Missionary societies were not formed with the view of permanently supporting the gospel in any country; they calculate on the people among whom it takes root, providing, in one way or other, for its maintenance and further extension among themselves; and, relieved of the expense in one country, they expect to be enabled to extend their efforts to other parts of the world. Hitherto this expectation has been only very partially realized. Among the negroes in the West Indies, however, a considerable disposition has been manifested, even while in a state of slavery, to provide for the support of the gospel among themselves; and after the act of emancipation takes effect we may hope that their ability as well as their disposition to do so, will be vastly increased. Indeed, if the Christians of Britain should, without delay, provide the negro population of the West Indies with adequate means of religious instruction, it does not appear to be too much to expect, that at no distaat period, they will be entirely relieved from all expense on this account, and at full liberty to direct their efforts to other parts of the heathen world. At all events, there is no part of the world where the prospect of this is so great, and unquestionably this is a powerful recom mendation of the West Indies as a field for missionary operations. ble moment for evangelizing the West Indies. The directors call then on their Christian brethren throughout the country, to support the society, in making extended efforts for communicating to the negro population of the West India islands the blessings of the gospel. Contributions for this special purpose they most earnestly solicit. To extend their operations in the West Indies, at the present crisis, they feel to be a most important object; but yet in order to do so with safety and success, it is necessary that they should be able to calculate on the steady and liberal support of the friends of missions. With the situation and the prospects of the negro slave, they feel assured that many hearts sympathise; and it will afford them unfeigned pleasure, to be enabled through their philanthropic exertions, to send forth to our West India islands, many new heralds of mercy, "to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord, and the day of salvation of our God." TENTH ANNIVERSARY AND REPORT OF THE THE annual meeting was held in Paris, April 17, 1834, Prof. Stapfer, one of the vice presidents, presiding. The number of ministers assembled from the several departments and from other countries was unusually large. Col. Phipps appeared as a delegate from the Church Missionary Society. After an address from the president, the annual report was read by Mr. Grand-Pierre. This represents the interest felt in the society, by the evangelical Finally, If missionary exertions in the West portion of the French Protestants, to be steadIndies are delayed, the extent of the work to be accomplished will be greatly increased. The ly increasing; monthly prayer-meetings for slaves in the West Indies amount at present the conversion of the world, held either on the to about 700,000; and though hitherto their first Sabbath or the first Monday of each numbers have diminished, instead of increas-month, have been commenced in many churching, according to the natural law of population, yet considering the fertility of these islands, es during the past year, and from contribuand the general improvement which may be tions at these the society has received a con siderable amount of funds; new auxiliaries have also been formed in various places; the Journal of Missions, the monthly publication of the society, is extending its circulation; the number of pupils at the Society's Mission House is four, the same as at the time of the previous report, and seven persons have recently applied for admission as candidates for future missionary service. Missions.-The society has but one mission, that in South Africa, under its patronage, which embraces four stations, six missionaries, and one male and three female assistant missionaries. The stations are Motito, among the Bechuanas; Caledon, among the Buschmen; Moriga, among the Bechuanas Bassoutos; and Wagenmaker's Valley, about 30 leagues from Cape Town, designed for the instruction of the slaves of the district. Funds. The receipts of the society for the year were 33,705 francs, which, with a balance from previous years of 51,132, placed 84,337 francs at the disposal of the society. The expenses were 54,458 francs. DOMESTIC. NINTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PRISON DISCIPLINE SOCIETY. A brief view will be given of a portion of the facts embraced in some of the most interesting articles of this report. Jails etc. in Massachusetts.-Statements are made respecting nineteen jails and houses of correction in Massachusetts, in only three of which, the House of Correction in Boston, the Jail in Cambridge, and that in Ipswich, is there any thing worth being called religious instruction provided for the inmates. In 22 jails and houses of correction in the same state, the principle of solitary confinement was regarded in only six; though most of them contained rooms enough to admit of its strict application.--In the same prisons there was employment furnished to the inmates of only five. In two or three prisons cards were found. Only ten of these prisons were cleanly and in good order, while others were intolerably filthy and offensive.-The statements respecting the connection between intemperance and crime, and respecting the imprisonment of debtors are deserving the serious attention of philanthropic and humane legislators. When the jails and houses of correction in the state were visited in 1833, there were found in them 245 criminals, 49 debtors, five lunatics, 79 females, only 18 of the last being out of Boston. During the year 1833, the committals were criminals 2,840, debtors 1,919, whole population being 610,383; and in 1823 there were criminals 2,116, debtors 1,995, the population being 522,517. Expenses of Prisons-Causes of Crime.The following statement respecting the num ber of committals-the expenses-and the causes of imprisonment-are gleaned from the appendix of the report. They relate princi. pally to Boston or its vicinity. They show the expense, disorder, suffering, trouble, and guilt which the use of ardent spirits brings on that community which tolerates the sale and use of such drinks. House of Reformation, in seven years and seven months-committals 450-expenses $50.022,97, of whom only one thirteenth were children of temperate parents. Criminal Jail, in 10 years, 9,936 commitmentsexpenses $20,797,49-three fourths hard drinkers and more than half confirmed drunkards. Debtor's Jail, in 10 years, 9,306 commitmentsexpense of debtor and creditor $137,921 44-from half to three fourths originated in intemperance. House of Correction, in ten years, 5,611 commitments-expense $78,251 25-three fourths habitual drunkards, and nearly all commitments occasioned by intemperance. Police Courts.-Seven tenths of the cases occasioned by intemperance, and out of the 12,676 thus occasioned, 3,719 were on charges of being common drunkards. Municipal Court.-The statement is similar as to the proportion. State Prison, in 10 years, 1,329 commitmentsthree fourths habitual drunkards, and half of the other fourth habitual drinkers. House of Industry, in 10 years, committed 7,588— expense $194,087 67-expense of poor not in this house $131,370 92. Seven eighths of this pauperisin is occasioned by the use of intoxicating liquors. General Estimates respecting Imprisonment in the United States.-Whole number in jails, states prisons, etc., at any one time, in 1833, including 158 females, 1,000 poor lu natics, and 930 debtors, 12,640.-Total imprisoned during the year, including 38,240 debtors and 18,300 females, 113,340; who have standing in the relation to them of parents, wives, children, etc., not less than 818,568 persons. Penitentiary System.-The system is in successful operation in New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Georgia. It is about to be introduced in New Jersey, Ohio, Missouri, Louisiana, and Illinois. And the states of Maine and Virginia do not appear to be disposed to sleep over their penitentiaries, in their present condition, which are of a mixed character. This is a great good. But, on supposition, that the above statement is correct, and the heaviest part of the work is done in the American penitentiaries; still it only proves that a good beginning has been made; for the number of persons in the penitentiaries in the United States is not far from three thousand eight hundred, while the number of persons committed to the county prisons annually, on supposition that other states are like Massachusetts, is 113,100. After occupying upwards of 30 pages in interesting statements respecting the condition and character of the jails and penitentiaries in the several states, showing where reformation in prison discipline has been effected, and where and to what degree it is still required, (which cannot well be abridged, and the details of which cannot be inserted here,) the report proceeds to the Imprisonment of Lunatics. * Success of the Asylum at Worcester, Mass.-Of the one hundred and sixty-four individuals received, considerably more than one half came from jails, alms-houses and houses of correction; and about one third of the whole number had suffered confinement for periods varying from ten to thirty-two years. Many of these forsaken beings, during the dreadful period of their dungeon life, had been systematically subjected to almost every form of privation and suffering. ** Yet, notwithstanding these untoward circumstances, counteracting with great force all healthful and mind-restoring influences, thirty-two insane persons have, in this short period of time, been fully recovered. *** Not less than one hundred of those brought to the hospital seemed to regard human beings as enemies; and their first impulse was to assail them with open or disguised force. Now, there are not more than twelve who offer violence. Of forty persons, who formerly divested themselves of clothing, even in the most inclement seasons of the year, only eight do it now. Through all the galleries, there is far less susceptibility to excitement, more quietude, more civility and kindness exercised towards each other. The wailings of the desponding and the ravings of the frantic are dispelled. The internal change is legible upon the countenance. Maine.-Arrangements are in progress for erecting a similar asylum in this state. New Hampshire.-The subjoined extracts from the report of a committee appointed by the legislature of this state, on the subject of poor and imprisoned lunatics, shows the imperious necessity of some movement in their behalf. The number of the insane, as returned to the governor, is two hundred and one, more than half of whom are supported as paupers. From many towns no returns have been received; from others the accounts are erroneous, there being cases known to the committee which escaped the notice of the selectmen. The actual number of insane is therefore much larger than appears by the documents submitted to the committee. Where are these insane? What is their condition? There are individual cases, which, by the kindness of friends able and willing to provide the means, are rendered as comfortable as their situation will admit. The number thus fortunate, the committee are constrained to believe, is comparatively small. Many, laboring under an inoffensive hallucination of mind, wander about, the sport of unthinking boys and unprincipled men. A large proportion--seventy-six-are reported to be in close confinement. Some of them in chains, or in cages made for their confinement; some are in the out-buildings, garrets, or celiars of private houses; some are in our county jails, shut up with felons and criminals of every description; some are in alms-bouses, in brick cells "never warmed by fire or lighted by the rays of the sun." The facts presented to the committee not only exhibit severe, unnecessary suffering, but utter neglect, and in many cases actual barbarity. To convince the house of the correctness of this general remark, they feel it to be their duty to report some of the instances to which they refer, however painful the account may be to every one not dead to all feelings of humanity. An insane woman, who had wandered from her friends, was confined in one of our jails, in winter and without fire. From the severity of the cold and her fixed posture, her feet became so much diseased that it was considered necessary to amputate them at the ancle; which was accordingly done, and the woman afterwards restored to her friends in this mutilated condition. Another female was confined in a garret, where, from the lowness of the roof and her consequently constrained position, she grew double, and is now obliged to walk with her hands, as well as feet, on the floor. A man was confined for years in a cellar, nearly naked, with a bed of wet straw. Another is at this time chained to the floor in an out-building, "glad to pick the bones thrown into his kennel, like a beast," -one with sufficient property-once in every respect as active and happy as the best of us. It is admitted that these are extreme cases; but, let it be recollected, these are but a few of such cases known to the committee. The accounts submitted to them exhibit a mass of extreme, unmitigated suffering, from the details of which humanity revolts. The committee were not, however, prepared for the result which the examination affords. They were not aware of the extent of the disease. They had formed no conception of the extremity of the wretchedness to which the insane are reduced. In the prosecution of the inquiry, by the returns made to the executive, and by the collection of facts on this sub- This state of things has been permitted to ject, from those professionally acquainted with exist merely because it was unknown. In the the condition of the insane, their situation extremity of the discase, the maniac is withthroughout this state is found to be deplorable drawn from observation. He is placed out of in the extreme, for the mitigation of whith the sight, and forgotten. The prosperous look not prompt attention of the legislature is impera-in upon the secrets of his prison-house. His tively demanded. voice, in his raving, grates not on the ear of |