had not seen one, describing it only from the catalogue of a private collection. The maps are the same as those in the edition of 1522. The last sheet is the famous map signed by L. F. (Laurentius Frisius) dated 1522, and entitled" ORBIS TYPUS UNIVERSALIS," which bears the name "America.' This map is not a new one, but simply a reproduction of one in the Ptolemy of 1513, with the name America added. The discovery of Columbus is described on the sheet numbered 28, and the two inner pages of that sheet contain a Map of America, or rather of the Western Ocean and Terra Nova, with the Islands. Again, the last map but one, which represents Gronlandia et Russia, is really a map of the Eastern Hemisphere, but also contains portions of the American coasts. As the collation is always incorrectly given, an exact description is appended. Folios 1-82, numbered, including title; annotations of Regiomontanus, 14 leaves, unnumbered; Index Ptolemæi, 34 leaves, unnumbered; followed by the Maps. They consist of sheets numbered 1-26; general Ptolemæan map; sheets 28-50 (with two Nos. 36 by mistake for 35 and 36; 46 and 47 on one sheet; and 50 unnumbered). 28137 1529 APIANUS. Cosmographicus liber, studiose correctus ac erroribus vindicatus per Gemmam Phrysium, sm. 4to. mappemondes (including the two small maps bearing the name "AMERICA"), with movable diagrams, etc. as in the first edition, hf. bd. 30s Antuerpiæ, R. Bollaert, 1529

In addition to the matter of the first edition, this edition has some further astronomical disquisitions by Gemma Frisius, and, at the end of the table of American islands, a description of Peru, which had been recently discovered by the Spaniards (the date being fixed as 1530). Moreover, the figure of the American continent, in the first of the two small maps, is altered and improved.

20s

28138 [APIANI] Cosmographiae Introductio 12mo. woodcuts, vellum, Ingolstadii, 1529 (-33 another edition, 12mo. woodcuts, bds. 5s Venet. 1537 another edition, 12mo. woodcuts, vellum, 5s ib. 1541

28139 28140

A compendium of the Cosmographicus Liber, containing the name of America twice, and a short account of the New World, now discovered to be an island though the explorations of Vesputius "sagacis ingenii vir.” 28141 1530 PORTOLANO. Three large Manuscript Maps, 22 inches by 15, coloured and illuminated, mounted on thick paper and folded in folio form, bds. £10.

circa 1530

This valuable MS. delineates Maritime Europe, with the seas, islands, and coasts, thus including the shores of Asia, and to as far south as Cape Blanco on the West African coast. It also exhibits the "Ocean Occidental" with the Azores, the Madeiras, and the Canary Islands. The date of the MS. is fixed by the cross which appears on both the islands of Rhodes and Malta, by which it must be concluded that the Knights had but lately removed to the latter island; and by the cross also marked on the isle of Scio, which shows that its surrender by the Venetians to the Turks, in 1540, had not yet taken place. The double-headed eagle which surmounts the crown over the Spanish arms shows that Charles V. was still on the Imperial throne. Special prominence is given to the French royal escutcheon, and this with the one French inscription, "L'Ocean Occidental," makes it appear that the author was a subject of Francis I., although the written part of the maps is almost entirely Italian. 28142 APIANI (Petri) Universalior cogniti Orbis Tabula, a large Map, 21 inches by 15, mounted on linen, UNIQUE, £40.

(Ingolstadii) 1530

This large chart was produced by Apianus at his private-press in Ingolstadt. It exhibits the peculiarity of a heart-shaped map of the world before the appearance of the well-known map of Oronce Finé, hitherto supposed to have been the first of the kind. The French cartographer, though only one year later than Apiani, was able to fill his map with a number of

useful names from the reports of recent discovery, but his theory of the identity between China and the lands lying north-west of Florida vitiated all his work; while Apianus had evidently learned from Vespucci to abandon the old hallucination of Columbus.

This large and elaborate world-map was prepared by Apianus as an improvement on that which appeared in the Solinus of 1520. It is largely based on the discovery of Vespucci, and in the upper margin, there are two smaller world-maps exhibiting comparatively the extent of the globe according to the "Observatio Ptolem." and the "Observatio Vespu." In the large map itself, the coasts of Greenland coalesce with those of Labrador, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence is plainly indicated. South of the gulf, the northern limit of the continental shore reaches to about 38 degrees N.L. (marked 40), indicating the north-westwardly recession of the coast from the point of C. Hatteras towards Chesapeake Bay. The line of land is continued below along the shores of Carolina, Georgia, Florida, round Cape Sable, with the entire coast of the Mexican Gulf, Mexico, Yucatan, Honduras, Central America, Venezuela, Guiana, Brazil, till it fades into an indistinct and unfinished outline at about 45 degrees S.L. The island of Cuba is marked Isabella, while the land of Central America bears the name of "Terra de Cuba." From the Gulf of Maracaibo to that of Paria, the coast is marked with the words, "Illi sut sub Carolo Rom. Imperatore." From the mouth of the Amazon, that is from about 5 degrees S.L., the coast line proceeds southwardly with but uncertain resemblance to the reality. We find the words "Terra Nova" and "Hic reperiuntur Psittaci rubri," and "Brisilici sive Paragalli," this last inscription appearing opposite the embouchure of a river which is plainly meant for Rio Janeiro, and falls into the ocean at 23 degrees S.L. At 30 degrees S.L. the line is broken by a very broad strait, gulf, or river-mouth, which evidently represents the mouth of La Plata. Below it the outline runs a considerable distance further to the south, but without any distinctness, broken off altogether at 46 S.L.

The map is dedicated to Leonardus ab Eck and bears his arms. 28143 1533 SCHONERI (Ioannis) Carolostadii Opvscvlvm Geographicvm ex diversorvm libris ac cartis... collectum, small 4to. woodcuts of globes, vellum, £7. 10s

(Norib. 1533)

An opuscule of no slight interest to the American collector. It is the first expression in print of an idea that has led to long and bitter controversy-namely, that Vespucci himself bestowed the name of America upon the New World. Otherwise it is more curions than valuable, as for instance, when he discusses the idea of the revolution of the earth round the sun, and dismisses it as erroneous. His ideas concerning the New World had undergone some change from the time when he wrote the Luculentissima Descriptic, He describes the land found by Vespucci as the continent of Upper India, citing the voyage of Magellan as a proof; and then proceeds to mention the Bachalaos, Florida, Mexico, Darien, Uraba, and Canibalia as portion of it. The islands of the Moluccas lay on the further side of it, the islands of Yucatan, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Cuba on the hither side; while he chides Columbus and Vespucci for having considered the mainland they discovered to be an island. His last chapter is on Brasilia. The article is accompanied by two astronomical tracts of Schöner Abrusahk Azarcheles Sapheæ recentiores doctrinæ, a Schonero emendatæ 1534; Ioannis de Monteregio Problemata Sapheæ, cum præf. Schoneri, 1534; and a treatise "De situ ac moribus regnorum omnium."

28144 1534 VADIANUS. EPITOME TRIVM TERRÆ PARTIVM, Asia, Africæ, et Evrope, per Ioachimvm Vadianvm medicum, folio, first edition, with the large folding map (in which South America was for the first time drawn in its complete outline with approximate correctness), limp wrapper, £3. 3s Tiguri, Christ. Frosch. 1534 the same, map, Tiguri, 1534-POSTELLI (Gul.) de Orbis Terræ Concordia libri IV, sine nota; 2 vols. in 1, sm. folio, old stamped pigskin, £5. 1534

28144*.

28145 VADIANI (Ioachimi) Epitome trivm Terræ partivm, 12mo. with the large folding map, fine copy in bds. RARE, £3. 3s

28146

Tiguri, Christoph. Froschouer. 1534 The above is the only copy of this octavo edition I have ever seen containing the map.

Epitome topographica totivs orbis, original calf, £2. 2s Antverpiæ, J. Grapheus, 1535 This edition has no maps; it omits the prefatory epistle to Bullinger, and adds at the end (after the chapter on the Isles of the Ocean which contains the reference to America) a treatise by Erasmus on the Peregri nations of SS. Peter and Paul. It is bound up with two tracts by J. Cochlæus and one by Georgius Wicelius.

28147 1535 PTOLEMÆI (Claudii) Geographicæ Enarrationis libri octo, ex Pirckeymheri tralatione à Michaele Villanovano (SERVETO) recogniti, folio, 50 very large woodcut maps, fine tall copy, bd. £5. Lugduni, Melchior et Gaspar Trechsel, 1535 the same, folio, brown morocco extra, gilt edges, by Petit,

28148

£8. 8s 1535 RARE, all the copies that could be obtained having been ordered to be burned by Calvin. It is the most famous edition in the entire series of Ptolemies, in consequence of the paragraph that caused the martyrdom of Servetus. This paragraph is alluded to by Ebert, Brunet, Harrisse, and others, but all of them make the same mistake with regard to its position in the book. It appears on the map of Palestine in the second series, and the fault lay in accusing the "Biblici libri" of "injuria aut jactantia pura;" but, of course, Servetus was not the author of the passage, having merely reprinted it from the editions of 1522 and 1525. Indeed the labours of Servetus were not very heavy; he did but reprint those editions, with a few additions, a few omissions, and a total substitution of text only in the descriptions of France, Spain, Germany, and Italy. Here, Servetus expresses freely his own opinions and prejudices, which differ extremely from those of his prededessor. With regard to Germany, he quotes "producit Hungaria boves, Bavaria sues, Franconia cepas rapas et glycerhisiam, Suevia meretrices, Boemia hereticos, Bavaria iterum fures, Helvetia carnifices bubsequas, Westfalia fallaces, tota denique Germania ac totus septemtrio gulones et potatores." To the identical account of Columbus which appeared in the editions of 1522 and 1525, Servetus has appended a few remarkable words concerning the absurdity of putting the claims of Americus in precedence to those of the real discoverer. The maps are the same as those in the

edition of 1525.

28149 1536 GLAREANI (H.) de Geographia liber unus, ab ipso authore jam tertio recognitus, sm. 4to. diagrams, vellum, 78 6d

apud Friburgum Brisgoiae 1536

Thirty-five numbered leaves, including title. See for reference to America the chapter, entitled "de regionibus extra Ptolemaeum.”

28150 GLAREANI Geographia Liber unus ab ipso authore jam tertio recognitus, 12mo. title torn, diagrams, bds. 7s 6d Venetiis, 1538 28151 1537 [SACROBOSCO (J. de)] Sphera volgare novamente tradotta con molte notande additioni, sm. 4to. numerous woodcuts, including two small globes with the delineation and name of America, hf. bd. £5. Venetia, Zanetti, 1537 28152 1538 SOLINUS. Polyhistor, huic Pomponii Melae de Situ Orbis libros III. adjunximus, folio, old stamped pigskin, with clasps, £3. 5s

Basil, 1538 This edition is not in Harrisse. There are several woodcuts and two maps, in one of which America is designated " Terra Incognita."

28153 SOLINI Polyhistor, Rerum toto Orbe Memorabilium Thesaurus locupletissimus, huic Pomponii Mela de Situ Orbis libros tres adjunximus, with woodcut maps in the text, and 2 separate, on one of which America ("Terra Incognita") appears, Basil. 1543-Gerbelii (Nic.) pro declaratione picturæ suæ sive descriptionis Græciæ Sophiani, libri VII, ib. (1550); 2 vols. in 1, sm. folio, calf, £4. 4s 1543-50

An interesting volume, as containing the autograph of the celebrated author of the Anatomy of Melancholy-"Rob. Burton ex de Cri. Oxon.”The maps of the Solinus belong properly to the period between the issue of the first Novus Orbis (1532) and the Münster Ptolemy of 1540.

28154 1540 POMPONII MELAE de orbis situ libri tres, accuratissime emendati, una cum commentariis Joachimi Vadiani, adjecta epistola Vadiani ad Rudolphum Agricolam scripta Antipodius, etc.), folio, with the famous and rare heart-shaped World-map of Oronce Finée, exceedingly fine tall clean copy, red morocco super extra, gilt marbled edges, by Petit, £8. 88 Parisiis, Jo. Roigny, 1540

28155 PTOLEMAEI Geographia Universalis Vetus et Nova, complectens Ptolemæi enarrationis libros VIII (cum Appendice Seb. Munsteri), etc. sm. folio, 48 large woodcut maps, vellum, £5. Basil., Henricus Petrus, 1540

The parent edition of a new series of Ptolemies. Münster, the famous cosmographer, edited it, re-designing the maps, according to the lights of fresh discovery, and thenceforward each new edition has followed or improved upon his work. In the first Map-Typus Universalis-the continent of America is divided into three parts: Francisca (Canada); Terra Florida, with Temistitan (Mexico) which is broken off from Florida by the circumference line of the circle, and consequently appears on the extreme right in the Asiatic half of the globe; and America seu insu'a Brasilii (South America.) Maps 2-28 contain the series of Ptolemy's ancient maps, as designed by Münster. Then follow the twenty maps of the modern world, of which the seventeenth contains the Novus Orbis, that is, North and South America, extending from Labrador to Tierra del Fuego. Naturally great portion of the outline is conjectural, and there are no details.

The general representation of the New World is one of the earliest printed maps in which the entire continent appears, with the western outlines of the Pacific coast of S. America in fairly accurate design.

28156 PTOLEMÆI Geographia, maps, Basil. 1540-SOLINI Polyhistor, Rerum toto Orbe Memorabilium Thesaurus locupletissimus, huic Pomponii Mela de Situ Orbis libros tres adjunximus, maps, Basil. 1538; together 2 vols. in 1, sm. folio, old calf, £10.

1538-40

The Solinus contains besides a small woodcut map of Italy in the text, two large maps, viz.: Typus Græce; and another, representing Asia, with the North-East of Africa. In the top right-hand corner of this map is a small part of North America ("Terra Incognita") separated from Asia by the Pacific.

28157 1543 DIONYSIUS Lybicus Poeta de situ habitabilis Orbis, a Simone Lemnio Poeta Laureato nuper Latinus factus, 12mo. calf, 288

Venetiis, per Bartholomeum cognomento Imperatorem, 1543 A scarce edition with a spherical map on title, having "AMERICA

on it.

28158 1544 APPIAN'S smaller Map of the World (as distinguished from his larger maps of 1520 and 1530)—first published in 1544, and issued with all later editions of the Cosmographia 1544

see below under 1548 and 1584.

28158*1545 MEDINA (Pietro da) L'ARTE DEL NAVEGAR, in la qual si contengono le regole, dechiarationi, secreti, & anisi, alla bona nauegation necessarii . . . tradotta de lingua Spagnola in volgar Italiano. [da Vicenzo Paletino da Corzula], sm. 4to. woodcuts and diagrams, and full-page map of the New World, fine copy in smooth olive morocco extra, gilt edges, £6. 6s

Vinetia, Gioanbatt. Pedrezano, 1555

The Spanish original having been printed in 1545, the map may be taken to represent the results of Spanish discovery in 1540, Pedro de Medina having been the official examiner of Pilots. It is interesting as showing the mouth of the Spirito Santo (the Mississippi) and the lands around the River and Gulf of St. Laurence. In the latter case Newfoundland has not yet become an island, the straits of Belle-isle being still unknown, and only a deep inlet divides it from Labrador. The River Saguenay is shown at its entry into the St. Laurence, which is a remarkable feature in so early a map.

28159 1545 ATLAS, or PORTOLANO, of the whole world as known about the year 1545-48 (perhaps by BATTISTA AGNESE), sm. folio, Manuscript on Vellum, consisting of 28 leaves of Maps executed in colours, heightened with gold, every page surrounded by an arabesque border in gold, red morocco extra, gilt edges, by Petit, £50. (? Venice about 1550)

This is a Hydrographic Atlas of the World, of extreme importance to American students, as it is perhaps the only set of maps (besides the celebrated Ribero MS. chart of 1527), showing, by what is absolute proof, that the explorations of Estevam Gomez are depicted from original designs. On the second last map we find two inscriptions which are decisive on the point. On one of the Mauritius islands there are the words "i. discubrio Esteua Comes," and on the American continent, in the region which afterwards became Pennsylvania, there is a similar record, "tera che discobrio Stevan Comes." (This second inscription is repeated in the same locality on the last map.) Now, there is very little known about Estevan Gomes beyond the facts that he started with Magellan as pilot, joined the Spanish mutineers against his leader, and returned to Spain in the ship San Antonio which deserted the Victoria, just as it was about to enter the famous strait; and that afterwards in 1525 he was sent to explore the coasts north of Florida. In the two inscriptions above quoted, one referring to a place off the east of Africa, and the year 1505 or 1506, the other relating to the region of the United States and the year 1525 or 1526, we find the discoveries of Gomes recorded on a single map, which is probably unique in this respect. We may therefore draw the safe conclusion that Gomes's own charts were in the hands of